복부투시조영 검사 시 Added filter와 Grid 변화에 따른 선량 및 화질에 관한 연구

홍선숙,강경미,성민숙,이종웅,Hong, Seon Sook,Kang, Kyeong Mi,Seong, Min Suk,Lee, Jong Woong 대한디지털의료영상학회 2012 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.14 No.2

Amount of radiation exposure by seeing through fluoroscopy examination while is many patient exposure administration and unprepared misgovernment be. In this study, abdominal fluoroscopy during the scan, the dose and image quality change according to the use of grid and added filter optimized by measuring the test condition is proposed. Uses seeing through fluoroscopy examination equipment of Image Intensifier of Easy Diagnost Eleva (Philips), under tube type and uses Human phantom and measures average area dose according to grid insertion existence and nonexistence and added filter kind change. Measure sum of 29 organ dose and effective dose through PCXMC imagination simulation program and image J program through noise, SNR, image distortion was measured. Resolution, sharpness, and analyzed using the MTF curves. Fluorography the grid to insert the filter thickness and thickening and increased the average area dose and organ doses and effective dose. In the case of spot examination, when inserted grid, average area dose and organ dose and effective dose increased. Filter thickens the average area dose decreased, but the organ doses and effective dose were increased when use 0.2mmCu+1mmAl filter, decreased slightly. Noise and SNR measurements without inserting the gird, if you do not use the added filter was the lowest and when measure the distortion, 0.1mmCu+1mmAl filter was no difference of image quality in case insert grid was judged that when did not use occasion added filter that do not use grid, difference of image quality does not exist. Did not show a big difference, according to the grid and uses of the added filter sharpness, and resolution. Patient dose increases with factors that reduce the quality of the image so reckless grid and the use of the added filter when abdominal fluoroscopy examination should be cautious in using.

이동형 X선 장치 차폐도구 제작을 통한 표면선량 분포 측정

홍선숙,김득용,Hong, Sun-Suk,Kim, Deuk-Yong 대한디지털의료영상학회 2010 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.12 No.1

Opened a court in February 10, 2006, a rule of safety management of the diagnosis radiation system was promulgated for safety of the radiation worker, patients and patients' family members. The purpose of this rule is to minimize the risk of being exposed to radiation during the process of handling X-ray. For this reason, we manufactured shielding device of mobile X-ray unit collimator for diminution of skin dose. Shielding device is made to a thickness of Pb 0.375mm. For portable chest radiography, we measured skin dose 50cm from center ray to 200cm at intervals of 20cm by Unfors Xi detector. As a result, a rule of safety management of the diagnosis radiation system has been strengthened. But there are exceptions, such as ER, OR, ICU to this rule. So shielding device could contribute to protect unnecessary radiation exposure and improve nation's health.

투시 조영 검사 시 환자 선량 관리를 위한 진단참고선량 구축에 관한 연구 (UGI, Esophagography 기준)

홍선숙,박은성,조준영,성민숙,양한준,Hong, Sun-Suk,Park, Eun-Seong,Cho, Joon-Yeong,Seong, Min-Suk,Yang, Han-Joon 대한디지털의료영상학회 2012 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.14 No.1

This round of tests in patients with UGI and Esophagography data collected by national and international reference levels based on the original set of guidelines and fluoroscopy, through the provision of medical radiation exposure reduction and further optimization of Defense to realize that is intended. 359 names in our hospital underwent Esophagography 302 patients who underwent UGI average fluoroscopy time and number of images to calculate the average 21 cm Acryl phantom dose for 10 seconds and 20 seconds, average area dose and the area dose of 1 spot image, 5 spot consecutive images by measuring the patient dose and third quartile of the mean area dose was set seonryangin reference dose. Esophagography average patient dose was set to 30.05 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$, DRL was set at a 25.37 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$. Average dose of UGI patients were selected as 45.33 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$, DRL was set at a 34 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$. UGI patients with established average dose recommended in the 2008 national recommendation from the UGI examination with a dose of less than 49.7 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$ seonryangin is evaluated. This Note examines the dose of self-aware through education recognizes the importance of dose reduction and examine if their efforts and further reduce patient dose could achieve optimization of the medical exposure is considered.

CT 프로토콜에 따른 3차원 Volume Rendering과 Surface Rendering의 비교 연구

홍선숙(Sun Suk Hong),김민정(Min Jeong Kim) 대한전산화단층기술학회 2012 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.14 No.1

목적 의료 영역에서 3차원 재구성은 병소의 해부학적 위치와 그 형태, 치료 방향의 설정 등 진단과 치료 분야에 유용한 역할을 하고 있다. 따라서 병소나 관심 장기의 정확한 볼륨의 측정은 진단과 치료의 정확성과 효율성을 증대시킬 것이다. 이러한 3차원 재구성 방법으로는 volume rendering과 surface rendering 방법이 대표적이며 본 연구에서는 phantom의 제작을 통하여 재구성 방법에 따른 볼륨을 측정하고 정확도를 비교분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 첫번째 phantom은 아세탈 재질의 cylinder 형태인 10개의 phantom, 두번째와 세번째 phantom은 RP system을 통해 waterdrop형태의 10개 phantom으로 각각 제작하였다. 두번째, 세번째 phantom은 그 모양과 볼륨은 동일하고 재질만 다르게 제작하였다. 각각 재질은 Vero White-Fullcure83와 TangoGray-Fullcure950 재질을 사용하였다. GE사의 64MDCT를 사용하여 5가지의 CT 프로토콜 조건으로 scan하였다. Scan data의 volume rendering:과 surface rendering으로 3차원 재구성하여 각각의 볼륨을 측정하고 실제부피와 측정부피의 오차를 비율로서 나타낸 뒤 Minitab을 이용하여 통계분석 처리하였다. 결과 또한 5가지 type 프로토콜 모두 volume rendering이 surface rendering에 비해 정확도가 높게 나타났다. 재질이 다른 Phantom 2와 3은 volume rendering과 surface rendering 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 형태가 일정한 phantom1과 곡면 형태가 포함 된 phantom2의 볼륨 측정 결과 volume rendering은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타났으며 형태가 일정한 phantom1의 정확도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. Surface rendering은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 전체적으로 volume rendering 방법과 surface rendering 방법은 정확도가 우수하게 평가되었다. Ct 프로토콜에 따른 3차원 재구성 볼륨 측정 결과volume rendering이 surface rendering에 비해 더 높은 정확도를 나타낸다. 그러나 관심영역에 대한 3차원적인 구조물의 측정(부피, 각도, 길이 등)에 대해서 surface rendering은 volume rendering이 측정할 수 없는 부분까지 측정 가능한 특징을 나타냈다. I. Purpose 3Dimention reconstruction method is beneficial to diagnosis and cure that find location of a lesion and check the shape, because accurate measurement using 3dimention reconstruction for lesion or organ could be ringing(incraseing) accuracy and efficiency. There are two typical methods which are Volume rendering and surface rendering. In this study, We measured volume according to reconstruction methods, using a phantom which we made, and analyze its accuracy II. Materials and Method We made 3 type of phantoms which have a little bit different. First phantom is acetyl material and cylinder type. Second phantom is VeroWhite-Fullrure83 material and Waterdrop1 type which is produced by RP system. Third phantom is TangoGray-Fullcure950 material and waterdrop2 type. We used 5 protocols by GE 64MDCT to get a data. We measured each phantom volume which were reconstructed by surface rendering and volume rendering and we analyzed error ratio of sire and measured sire by Minitab III. Result Volume rendering is higher accuracy than surface rendering on 5 types of protocols. There were no statistical difference about volume and surface rendering on phantom number 2 and 3. In other examination, There was statistical difference about volume rendering on phantom 1 which shape is cycle and phantom 2 which shape is curved. On the contrary, in case of Surface rendering, there was no statistical difference IV. Conclusion Both Volume rendering and surface rendering methods have a good accuracy. An accuracy of Volume rendering is higher than that of surface rendering In the result of measuring about 3D reconstruction volume by CT protocol. On the contrary, Surface rendering had a different character with volume rendering. It’s a special ability to detect shaded interested region. In other words, Surface rendering could measure structures of 3dimention these are volume, angle and length

Edge Method를 이용한 Channel과 Convolution Algorithm에 따른 CT 장치의 MTF 분석

홍선숙(Sun Suk Hong),허재(Jae Huh) 대한CT영상기술학회 2011 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.13 No.1

목 적 MTF는 영상의 형성 능력을 측정하기 위한 응답 함수를 결정하는 것으로 정현파의 입력과 정현파의 출력과의 진폭의 비를 공간주파수의 함수로 표현한 것으로 X선 검출시스템 정보전달 능력과 기록 능력을 평가하는 데 상당한 정확성을 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 channel과 algorithm 에 따른 CT장치의 MTF를 측정, 분석하여 적절한 의료영상 비교, 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 GE사의 성능평가용 팬텀을 장비의 Center에 일치시키고 각도 가장자리가 1.5~3° 기울어지게 팬텀을 회전시켰다. Edge영상에서 ESF을 구해 미분하여 LSF곡선을 구한 다음 FFT하여 MTF 곡선을 구하였다. 계산은 Mathworks사에서 제공하는 Matlab을 이용하여 CT 장비 channel별, convolution algorithm별로 50%, 10% MTF를 구하였다. 결 과 G사 channel별 50%, 10% MTF는 0.73, 1.13 으로 single channel이 가장 높고, S사 channel별 50%, 10% MTF는 0.8, 1.22로 128 channel이 가장 높게 나타났다. Algorithm별로는 edge enhancement algorithm으로 갈수록 높아졌으며 G사의 경우 edge algoritm의 50%, 10% MTF가 1, 1.73으로 가장 높고, S사의 경우 B60f algorithm의 50%, 10% MTF가 1.35, 1.8로 가장 높았다. 결 론 channel 수의 증가는 cone beam artifact를 증가시켜 공간 분해능의 감소를 가져온다. 또한 새로운 재구성 방법의 도입은 cone beam artifact를 감소시키는 방법이 될 것이다. Algorithm은 edge enhancement algorithm 일수록 G사와 S사의 CT장치 모두 영상의 선예도와 공간 분해능이 증가되었다. 따라서 미세한 질환 판독을 요구하는 CT 검사의 경우 channel 수가 적은 장비 혹은 새로운 재구성 방법이 도입된 장비가 유리하고 edge enhancement algorithm을 사용하여 검사를 한다면 그 효과를 더욱 증대시킬 수 있을 것이다. Ⅰ. Purpose MTF offers fairs accuracy to estimate X-ray detection system information transmission ability and recording ability that express comparison of amplitude with input of sine wave and output of sine wave by function of spatial frequency that decide response function to measure clean bright atmosphere image formation ability. In this study, wish to compare and estimate suitable medical treatment image measuring and analyzes MTF of CT equipment by channel and algorithm. Ⅱ. Materials and Method The phantom in order to evaluate the performance of GE the equipment was centered with an angled of 1.5-3 differentiate ESF in edge image then FFT obtain LSF curved line then obtain MTF cured line. Calculation got 50%, 10% MTF by CT equipment channel, by convolution algorithm using matlab that offer in mathworks company. Ⅲ. Result 50% and 10% MTF by G company channel are the highest single channel by 0.73 and 1.13. 50% and 10% MTF by S company channel appeared 128channels highest by 0.8 and 1.22. As edge algorithm changes, for G company 50% of edge algorithm, 10% MTF were 1, 1.73, there were highest, and for S company also 50% B60f algorithm, 10% MTF were highest, scores are 1.35, 1.8. Ⅳ. Conclusion Increase of channel number brings decrease of spatial resolution increasing cone beam artifact. Also, induction of new reconstruction method may become way that reduce beam artifact. As algorithm is edge enhancement algorithm, sharpness and resolution of CT equipment total reflex of the G company and S company were increased. Therefore, may agument more the effect if examine equipment that channel number is few in occasion of CT examination who require microscopic disease interpretation or equipment that new algorithm is introduced is profitable and uses edge enhancement algorithm.

Digital Radiography System에서 X선 광자 검출 방식에 따른 선량 및 화질 특성에 관한 연구

홍선숙(Sun Suk Hong),김호철(Ho Chul Kim) 대한전자공학회 2013 전자공학회논문지 Vol.50 No.12

본 연구의 목적은 Direct DR(Digital Radiography), Indirect DR, I.I(Image Intensifier) DR에서 X선 광자 검출 방식에 따른 선량측정 및 획득된 영상을 정량적이고 객관적인 측정을 통해 DR System을 비교 평가 하는 것이다. Rando phantom을 사용하여 입사표면선량을 측정하였으며, 측정된 입사표면선량 값을 통해 PCXMC 프로그램을 사용하여 유효선량과 방사선 조사로 인한 위험을 평가하였다. 21cm 아크릴 phantom을 사용하여 SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio), NPS(Noise Power Spectrum), CNR(Contrast to Noise Ratio)을 측정하였으며, 측정값은 통계학적 분석기법을 사용하여 유의성을 평가하였다. 입사표면선량, 주요장기선량, 유효선량 모두 direct DR이 가장 낮게 측정되었으며, direct DR 선량을 기준으로 I.I type DR은 약 1.3배, indirect DR은 약 2.4배 높은 선량 비율로 측정되었다. 방사선량에 따른 위험도 역시 동일한 비율로 측정되었다. SNR 측정 결과 direct DR 측정값을 기준으로 I.I DR은 약 7.25배, indirect DR이 약 1.48배 낮은 비율로 측정되었다. CNR 측정 결과 direct DR 측정값을 기준으로 I.I DR은 약 1.16배 높고, indirect DR이 약 0.87배 낮은 비율로 측정되었다. 따라서 a-selenium 검출소자를 사용하여 X선 광자를 검출하는 방식인 direct DR은 적은 선량으로 우수한 화질의 영상을 구현함으로써 선량에 민감한 소아나 생식선이 포함된 검사 등에 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 많은 진단 정보를 위한 영상 평가가 요구되는 경우에는 indirect DR이 유용할 것으로 판단된다. The purpose is a comparative evaluation in the DR System according to the dosimetry and image quality of the quantitative and objective via Direct digital radiography, Indirect digital radiography, Image intensifier (Charge Coupled Device type) digital radiography. The experimental method used rando phantom and measured the entrance surface dose. And through using the measured entrance surface dose and then using the PCXMC program were evaluated risk due to irradiation and the effective dose. SNR and NPS and CNR were measured and analyzed by using 21cm acryl phantom. Significance of measured value was evaluated by statistics method. Entrance surface dose, major organ dose, effective dose all of them were measured the lowest rated in direct DR when it is on the basis of direct DR dose, high-dose ratio were measured in I.I DR approximately 1.3 times, indirect DR approximately 2.4 times. Risk in accordance with radiation also was measured same as dose ratio. On the conclusion that SNR measurement result based on direct DR SNR measurements, low-SNR ratio were measured in I.I DR approximately 7.25 times, indirect DR approximately 1.48 times. On the conclusion that CNR measurement result based on direct DR CNR measurements, high-dose ratio were measured in I.I type DR approximately 1.16 tims and low-dose ratio were measured in indirect DR approximately 0.87 times. Therefore Direct DR system using a-selenium sensing element to detect x-ray photon is thought effectively at the examination such as infant to sensitive irradiation and the genital gland. Because quality image is built by low dose. Also when it is necessary that image test requiring many diagnosis information, indirect DR system is thought effectively.

투시 검사 시 체위 변화에 따른 입사표면선량의 평가 연구

양해두,홍선숙,박은성,성민숙,하동윤,Yang, Hae-Doo,Hong, Seon-Sook,Park, Eun-Seong,Seong, Min-Sook,Ha, Dong-Yoon 대한디지털의료영상학회 2011 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.13 No.4

This study intends to investigate patients' exact exposure doses by comparatively measuring ESD (Entrance Surface Dose) with the DAP meter, which excludes scattered rays, and ESD with the Xi multifunction meter, which includes scattered rays, by posture changes for Esophagography test and UGI test. The materialwere examined through Sonialvision-SafireII SPEC overtube system. ESD was measured by using the DAP meter, and as a tool to measure ESD including scattered rays on the plane of incidence of human phantom, the Xi multifunction meter was used. The average fluoroscopic time of Esophagography test was 4.192 minutes and the average number of images was 47.7, while the average fluoroscopic time of UGI test was 6.881 minutes and the average number of images was 37.8. The ratios of the incident dose of DAP meter and the ESD of Xi meter were calculated bydividing the fluoroscopic time and the number of images by each posture change. As for Esophagography test, the dose increased by 21.6~55.5% in the fluoroscopic test and by 4.8~24.7% in the spot test. In the front spot test, however, the does increased by as little as 5.3%. As for UGI test, the dose increased by 21.1~49.5% in the fluoroscopic test and by 10.1~34.9% in the spot test. It is expected that measuring doses in consideration of scattered rays by posture changes will be an important index in evaluating and managing patients' exact exposure doses for each test above. Furthermore, it is judged that this sort of study is inevitable and desirable to reduce patients' exposure doses after all.

디지털 환경에서 Humerus 검사 시 촬영인자 변화에 따른 선량 및 화질 평가

김성민,홍선숙,이관섭,하동윤,Kim, Seong Min,Hong, Seon Sook,Lee, Kwan Sup,Ha, Dong Yun 대한디지털의료영상학회 2012 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.14 No.2

Purpose : We aim at presenting the optimum radiologic factor through the evaluation of dose variation and of image quality through the use of a grid in Humerus examination and the change of dose because of the change of radiologic factor. Materials and Methods : We divided it in 3 cases: when using a grid or not and when using IP(Image Plate) in a digital system. Also, as fixing kVp to 70kVp it changed mAs, and fixing mAs to 10 it changed kVp, we put up resolution chart and Burger rose phantom on the acrylic phantom of 7cm (the same level of Humerus) to evaluate the dose and image. We used Image J program to evaluate the quantitative resolution of the obtained image, and made the qualitative evaluation and statistical analysis of the image saved in PACS for 20 radiologic technologist with more than 10 years of experience in order of evaluate its contrast. We used SPSS10(SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illinois) for statistical analysis. Results : We observed the analytic result of resolution by the change of kVp that it was $4.539dGycm^2$ in 60kVp and $757.472dGycm^2$ in 75kVp, which increased about 64.6% of dose, while for the resolution it had the pixel value 30.7% better with 851 in 60kVp than 651 in 75kVp. Also, we analyzed the result of resolution by the change of mAs that it was $3.106dGycm^2$ in 5mAs, and $12.470dGycm^2$ in 20mAs, which increased about 400% of dose, while for the resolution DR had 678 in 5mAs, and 724 in 20mAs that increased about 6.8% of resolution. We made the qualitative evaluation of contrast by the change of kVp that DR showed the higher quality than CR, but the contrast by the change of kVp had no special different at the moment of visual evaluation, nor statistically significant difference(P>0.05). We observed the qualitative evaluation of contraste by the change of mAs that the contrast increased as DR increased mAs, and had statistically significant difference(P<0.05). On the other hand, CR had no significant difference for more than 10mAs nor statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion : In case of some patients with radiographic exposure by the repeated examination such as emergent patient or Follow up patient, they are considered to try to limit the use of a grid, to set kVp under 65kVp in fixed mode, to select less than 10mAs and to reduce the possibility of patient being bombed.

투시 검사 시 장비에 따른 환자와 시술자의 입사표면선량 연구

양해두,홍선숙,성민숙,하동윤,Yang, Hae-Doo,Hong, Seon-Sook,Seong, Min-Sook,Ha, Dong-Yoon 대한디지털의료영상학회 2013 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.15 No.2

Purpose : Fluoroscopy equipment, depending on the type of changes that occur in the patient's position ESD and study the patient's scatter ray of ESD Practitioners considered a comparative analysis was to evaluate the correct dose. Materials and Methods : HITACHI four overtube type TU-8000 Flat Detector and Under tube C-Arm Philips' Multi Diagnost Eleva with Flat Detector type were measured by. Each devices is a measure of the patient's esd randophantom position in tabel unfors Xi multi funtion then fixed to the abdomen fluoroscopy and 10 seconds, spot was measured three times, practitioners of the incident surface dose by considering the patient's scatter ray of the table for each device in the average human stomach 21cm thickness acrylic phantom ($25cm{\times}25cm$) Place the practitioner position after position randophantom unfors Xi multi funtion in the thyroid and stomach 1 minute by a fixed one-time fluoroscopy and measured. Results : 10 seconds and the patient perspective of the c-arm ESD 1.2 times smaller on the AP and oblique measurements were measured in the 6-13 times smaller. spot positions to changes in the measured three times on the AP of the abdomen, ESD is 18 times smaller c-arm measurements and the oblique measurement was 19-30 times smaller. And 1 minute at practitioners fluoroscopy esd in the thyroid 2.12 times the c-arm, chest 1.75 times less the dose was measured. On the AP, depending on the device, but the lack of dose difference oblique positions of the two devices depending on changes in the area due to changes in both the AP than on the dose increased, the difference in dose between the two devices, the maximum difference was approximately 27 times. Conclusion : Fluoroscopic equipment at the time of inspection in accordance with changes in dose according to the patient and the patient's positions changes, because the area of the scatter ray considering the change of dose measurements be made, and study of the equipment according to the characteristics of the efficiency and the exposure of the patient and practitioner is considered smooth study equipment manufacturers that can be done is to build the system and think that is also important. Various fluoroscopy when you check future changes in many factors of change in dose for the equipment in the laboratory system by considering the scatter ray radiation shielding for the management to take advantage of reckless undertube have been utilized as more exposure Reduction activities can help is considered as the direction.

투시 조영 검사 시 확대율에 따른 피폭선량에 관한 고찰

강경미,홍선숙,성민숙,손운흥,Kang, Kyeong-Mi,Hong, Seon-Sook,Seong, Min-Sook,Song, Woon Heung 대한디지털의료영상학회 2013 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.15 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study is the magnification rates depending on the area of patient dose (DAP) and glass dosimeter see the change of the dose according to the dose characteristics of low-magnification aims to raise standards. Materials and Method : Direct DR equipment Sonialvision DAR-8000f, Shimadzu was used, the patient entrance dose measurements to the surface of the Rando Phantom of the neck and the abdomen was placed on the Xi unfors. glass dosimeter for measuring organ doses at the same time the Rando Phantom of the major organs in place by inserting a 9 ", 12", 15 ", 17" and 30 seconds for each magnification were measured according in fluoroscopy. DAP meter area of the patient dose was measured. Result : Esophagography at 17" 143% than 9"magnification the average area dose was increased. Organ dose of Esophagography at 17" was decreased 25.32% than 9" magnification. UGI at 17" was increased 129.73% DAP than 9" magnification. Organ dose of UGI at 17" was decreased 23.32% than 9" magnification. Where the major organs of magnification at 17" were decreased(lung -25.96%, stomach -33.09%, spleen -27.81%, liver -4.92%) than 9" magnification. Conclusion : Expected to get better quality image While using the proper magnification, and have recognition that difference Organ doses and DAP meter in fluoroscopy.