강원도 고랭지 밭토양의 유기물 함량 및 입단안정성

홍기찬 ( Ki Chan Hong ),최봉수 ( Bong Su Choi ),주진호 ( Jin Ho Joo ),정영상 ( Yeong Sang Jung ),양재의 ( Jae E. Yang ),옥용식 ( Yong Sik Ok ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2010 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.22 No.-

In agricultural zones on highlands in Gangwon-do, mountains and forests are occasionally cleared for fields, which form steep slopes and are mostly left as bare lands without cultivation during non-farming seasons. Also, yearly soil dressing on those lands are considered to cause severe damage to soil quality such as aggregate stability. Soil erosion in highland agriculture is reported to exceed 11 MT?ha-1per annum. Further, the soil eroded and nutritious substances contained in soil are said to flow into the water system, having adverse effects on water ecosystem. Accordingly, the present study focused on the field soil in highlands to assess the correlation between the content of organic matter in soil and the stability of soil aggregates, which is known to influence the soil aggregate formation, and to establish basic data for managing soil in highlands where soil erosion is serious. From the analysis on organic matters and aggregate stability in soil, the field soil in highlands was found to contain organic matters within the range of 1~5% and the stability of aggregates was as low as 2~37%. For the forest soil, the organic matter content was 1~8% and the stability of aggregates was found 8~40%. The Pearson correlation analysis on each factors showed that the field soil in highlands had relatively low correlation (r=0.51**) between organic matter content and the stability of aggregates. The r value here was far lower than that in existing plastic film houses or forest soils(r=0.86***). This indicates that, in highlands, reckless cultivation, precipitation and winds have damaged soil aggregates and that such physical process as frequent soil dressing resulting from soil erosion has destroyed microscopic soil aggregates, leading to less stability of soil aggregates even when organic matters influencing aggregate formation exist. To conclude, soil management need be done in terms of improvement of soil aggregates in order to prevent the field soil in highlands from erosion.

농업부산물을 이용한 유가금속 회수기술 개발: 밤 부산물의 금(Gold) 흡착특성

홍기찬 ( Ki Chan Hong ),이현용 ( Hyeon Yong Lee ),임정은 ( Jung Eun Lim ),최봉수 ( Bong Su Choi ),양재의 ( Jae E Yang ),옥용식 ( Yong Sik Ok ) 강원대학교 농업과학연구소 2008 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.19 No.-

농업부산물을 이용한 유가금속 회수기술 개발: 밤 부산물의 금(Gold)에 대한 최대흡착량 산출 및 고정화 방법

홍기찬 ( Ki Chan Hong ),이상수 ( Sang Soo Lee ),양재의 ( Jae E Yang ),옥용식 ( Yong Sik Ok ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2010 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.22 No.-

Precious metals have been used to make accessories and decorations for a long time, but since their physiochemical properties have been revealed, they have continuously increased as materials for industrial use, and as a result, the need for studies on the recovery process of precious metals has surfaced, leading to active studies in Korea and overseas on the topic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop bisorption recovery technology that can supplement disadvantages of existing precious metals recovery process such as chemical precipitation, solvent extraction and ion exchange. Materials used as biosorbents were found through documentary research, and chestnut shells, evaluated to be accessible and mass produced and have great metals adsorption capacity, were selected for the study. The maximum adsorption capacity for gold (Au) was 500 mg/kg and determined by a batch-type adsorption experiment using chestnut shell. Langmuir and Freundlich model showed a correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.996 and 0.963, respectively. As a result of using chestnut shell in a powder form and producing with beads, a type of shell, a bead with a tail form rather than a perfect shape was made, but it had gold adsorption characteristics. The results indicate possibility of development of a more economic, efficient and environment-friendly previous metals recovery technology that can substitute high priced ion exchange resin that is currently being used.

농업부산물을 이용한 유가금속 회수기술 개발: 밤 부산물의 팔라듐(Palladium) 흡착특성

홍기찬 ( Ki Chan Hong ),최용범 ( Yong Beom Choi ),최봉수 ( Bong Su Choi ),김남원 ( Nam Won Kim ),양재의 ( Jae E Yang ),옥용식 ( Yong Sik Ok ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2009 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.20 No.-

Biosorption has emerged as an innovative and economical method to recover base metals from aqueous wastes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of waste chestnut as a new biosorbent to recover palladium from industrial wastewater. This study is a part of a larger project to develop precious metal recovery process using agricultural by-product produced in Korea. Batch-type adsorption experiment was carried out to determine palladium adsorption in an aqueous solution by chestnut shell. Result showed that Langmuir isotherms adequately described palladium adsorption with R2 of 0.999. The maximum adsorption capacity using Langmuir model revealed that chestnut shell can remove palladium in an aqueous solution up to 9.09 mg g-1. The mechanism of palladium adsorption by chestnut shell was evaluated by characterizing surface properties, functional group and chemical composition of chestnut shell using SEM-EDS and FT-IR analyses. The overall experimental results suggest that waste chestnut can be used for palladium biosorption from industrial wastewater.

연구보문 : 토양환경 ; 하수처리수 및 폐양액의 재이용이 배추 유묘 생장에 미치는 영향

홍기찬 ( Ki Chan Hong ),최봉수 ( Bong Su Choi ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ),원재희 ( Jae Hee Won ),전신재 ( Shin Jae Jeon ),허승오 ( Seung Oh Hur ),하상건 ( Sang Keun Ha ),김남원 ( Nam Won Kim ),양재의 ( Jae E Yang ),옥용식 ( Yong S 한국환경농학회 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.2

기후변화로 인해 발생될 수 있는 물 부족 현상에 대응하기 위하여 기존 농업용수에 대한 대체용수로 하수처리수 및 폐양액의 재이용이 유식물 생장에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 하수처리수와 폐양액에 대한 수질분석결과 유기배지로부터의 폐양액은 무기배지로부터의 폐양액 및 하수처리수와 비교해서 보다 많은 양분을 함유하고 있었으며 하수처리수에서는 Na+과 Cl- 함량이 다른 용수보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 배추묘의 생육은 폐양액 처리구에서 대조구인 지하수 처리구에 비해 유사하거나 촉진되었고 하수처리수 처리구에서는 대조구와 비슷하게 나타났다. 육묘기간 동안 배추묘가 흡수한 질소는 관행재배에서 5.47 mg/plant 이었으며, 유기배지와 무기배지로부터의 폐양액 처리구에서 각각 10.02 mg/plant, 5.20 mg/plant인 것으로 나타났다. 하수처리수 처리구에서는 배추의 질소함량이 4.59 mg/plant으로 나타났다. 관행의 1/2 수준으로 시비하고 유기배지로부터의 폐양액을 처리한 배추의 질소 흡수량은 8.34 mg/plant으로 관행재배보다 높은 것으로 나타나 폐양액 이용 시 육묘에 이용되는 비료의 시용을 줄여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 한편 배추의 인 함량은 관행재배에서 8.9 μg/plant로 나타났으며 유기배지로부터의 폐양액 처리구에서도 관행재배와 비슷한 수준이었다. 반면인 함량이 낮았던 무기배지로부터의 폐양액과 하수처리수 처리구에서 배추가 흡수한 인산 함량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 배추묘가 흡수한 양이온의 경우 관행재배에 비해 폐양액과 하수처리수 처리구에서 상대적으로 많은 양을 흡수하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 선정된 폐양액 및 하수처리수에 대한농업용수로써의 재이용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며 향후 현장실험을 통해 작물의 생육특성 및 생산량 평가를 실시하고 대체용수 사용에 따른 환경영향을 평가하는 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. Water shortages are expected to be a major impact of climate change. This study examined the growth of Chinese cabbage seedling using reclaimed wastewater and waste nutrient solution as alternative irrigation resources. Generally, the concentration of nutrients, such as K+, NH4 +, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3 -, PO4 - and SO4(2-), in waste nutrient solution was higher than that in wastewater. However, Chinese cabbage seedling irrigated with wastewater was supplied a higher concentration of Na+ and Cl- than waste nutrient solution. The growth of Chinese cabbage seedling irrigated with waste nutrient solution was similar or higher than those irrigated with groundwater as control, while the growth of those irrigated with wastewater was similar to those irrigated with groundwater. The total nitrogen uptake in Chinese cabbage seedling irrigated with groundwater, waste nutrient solution from organic and inorganic hydroponic cultures, and wastewater was 5.47, 10.02, 5.20, and 4.59 mg/plant, respectively. The nitrogen uptake of Chinese cabbage seedling irrigated with waste nutrient solution from organic hydroponic substrates in a 50% lower dose than recommended was 8.34 mg/plant, which is higher than that of the cabbage irrigated with groundwater. Overall, the results suggest that waste nutrient solution and wastewater can be used as alternate water resources, and can allow a reduction in the amount of fertilizer needed to raise Chinese cabbage seedling.

농업부산물을 이용한 유가금속 회수기술 개발: 밤 부산물의 백금(Platinum) 흡착특성

홍기찬 ( Ki Chan Hong ),이현용 ( Hyeon Yong Lee ),임정은 ( Jung Eun Lim ),양재의 ( Jae E Yang ),옥용식 ( Yong Sik Ok ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2009 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.21 No.-

The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of waste chestnut as a new biosorbent to recover platinum from industrial wastewater. This study is a part of a larger project to develop precious metal recovery process using agricultural by-product produced in Korea. Batch-type adsorption experiment was carried out to determine platinum adsorption in an aqueous solution by chestnut shell. Result showed that Freundlich isotherms adequately described platinum adsorption with R 2 of 0.930. The mechanism of platinum adsorption by chestnut shell was evaluated by characterizing surface properties, functional group and chemical composition of chestnut shell using SEM-EDS and FT-IR analyses.

수용액 중 율피의 금(Gold) 흡착특성

홍기찬 ( Ki Chan Hong ),이현용 ( Hyeon Yong Lee ),최봉수 ( Bong Su Choi ),김성철 ( Sung Chul Kim ),주진호 ( Jin Ho Joo ),양재의 ( Jae E Yang ),옥용식 ( Yong Sik Ok ) 한국환경농학회 2008 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2008 No.2

텍스트 유형 분류와 논증 텍스트 : 개정 국어과 교육 과정을 중심으로

홍기찬 ( Ki Chan Hong ) 청람어문교육학회 2008 청람어문교육 Vol.37 No.-

유채의 녹비 환원에 의한 질소무기화 및 옥수수의 질소 흡수

최봉수,홍기찬,성좌경,남재작,임정은,이현용,양재의,옥용식,Choi, Bong-Su,Hong, Ki-Chan,Sung, Jwa-Kyung,Nam, Jae-Jak,Lim, Jung-Eun,Lee, Hyeon-Yong,Yang, Jae-E.,Ok, Yong-Sik 한국유기농업학회 2009 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

녹비 작물의 이용은 화학비료의 사용을 대체하고 물질순환에 의한 안전한 농작물 생산을 가능하게 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 바이오디젤 생산의 원료로 이용되는 유채 종자의 유채의 녹비 환원에 의한 질소무기화 및 옥수수의 질소 흡수 389 수확 후 잔유물의 녹비 이용 가능성을 평가하였다. 유채 수확 후 잔류물의 질소함량은 0.53%로 낮았으며 탄질율은 63으로 나타났다. 유채 잔유물의 부숙기간 없이 환원 직후 파종한 처리구는 옥수수의 질소 흡수를 지연시켰으며, 생육에서도 30일간 부숙기간을 설정한 처리구의 옥수수보다 억제되어 유채 잔유물의 녹비 환원 직후 후작물의 파종은 주의해야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 유채 잔유물의 녹비 환원 90일 후 질소무기화는 암모늄태 질소(24.2mg/kg)보다 질산태 질소(58.4mg/kg)에서 높았으며, 방출된 무기태 질소에 대한 옥수수의 흡수 및 이용량은 부숙기간 없이 환원 직후 파종한 처리구와 30일간 부숙기간을 설정한 처리구에서 각각 86%와 88%로 나타났다. Crop production can be secured by the cycle of green manure crops as an alternative of the chemical fertilizer. Recently, rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) has been cultivated in the south part of Korea for the production of biodiesel. In this research, we focused on recycling rapeseed residue, which is produced after harvesting the rapeseed for biodiesel, as a potential source of nitrogen to the succeeding crop. Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of winter rapeseed as green manure on mineralization and uptake of nitrogen to the succeeding corn (Zea mays L.). Result showed that total nitrogen and C/N ratio of rapeseed at the harvesting stage was 0.54% and 63, respectively. The incorporation of rapeseed without decomposition period slightly inhibited nitrogen uptake to the succeeding corn compared to those with 30 days decomposition period. The pH and EC values of soils increased by increasing the period of decomposition of rapeseed from 5.2 to 6.4 and from 0.05 dS/m to 0.21 dS/m, respectively. Significant amounts of $NH_4^+$ and $NO_3^-$ are released by incorporation of rapeseed. The succeeding corn took up 86% and 88% of inorganic nitrogen released from the rapeseed with and without decomposition period, respectively. The overall results suggested that the utilization of rapeseed residue as green manure can be an alternative source of nitrogen in corn-rapeseed double cropping system.

연구보문 : 환경독성 및 환경미생물학 ; 밤 부산물의 수용액 중 중금속 흡착 특성

이현용 ( Hyeon Yong Lee ),홍기찬 ( Ki Chan Hong ),임정은 ( Jung Eun Lim ),주진호 ( Jin Ho Joo ),양재의 ( Jae E Yang ),옥용식 ( Yong Sik Ok ) 한국환경농학회 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 탄닌 성분이 다량 함유된 율피를 사용하여 폐수 중 중금속 3종(Cd, Pb, Cu)에 대한 흡착특성을 알아보고 향후 폐수처리공정에서 생물흡착소재의 적용가능성을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 실험에 사용한 인공폐수에는 Cu, Pb, Cd을 첨가하여 10, 20, 40, 60, 100, 150, 200 mg L-1으로 오염시켰으며 pH 5.5에서 흡착실험을 진행하였다. 율피의 중금속 흡착량은 중금속 유형별로 차이를 나타내었으며 중금속 농도가 증가함에 따라 흡착량이 증가하다가 점차 증가율이 감소하여 일정한 평형에 도달하는 경향을 나타내었는데 이는 율피의 표면이 피흡착물질로 채워져 비어있는 흡착가능 영역이 감소하기 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. 상기 연구 결과를 Freundlich 및 Langmuir 모델에 적용한 결과 r2값은 Langmuir 모델에서 Pb, Cu, Cd 3가지 중금속 모두 0.99 이상으로 높게 나타났으며 각 중금속에 대한 율피의 흡착친화도는 Pb>Cu>Cd순으로 최대흡착량(qm)은 Pb 31.25 mg g-1, Cu 7.87 mg g-1, Cd 6.85 mg g-1로 조사되었다. FT-IR 분석결과 율피는 1080 cm-1에서 carbonyl group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group과 1200 cm-1에서 1700 cm-1 사이의 carboxylate group, carboxyl group, methylene group, ester group 등이 존재하는 것으로 조사되었다. SEM 분석 결과 중금속 이온 흡착 전에는 표면이 매끄럽게 안정된 모습이 관찰되었지만 중금속 흡착 반응 후 전자밀도가 높은 부분이 관찰되어 중금속 이온이 흡착되었을 것으로 판단되었고 EDS 분석을 수행한 결과 중금속 이온의 흡착 후 표면의 납 이온 피크가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 율피에 의한 중금속 이온의 흡착은 물리적인 흡착보다는 관능기에 의한 화학적 흡착일 것으로 판단되었다. In Korea, large amounts of chestnut shell as by-products are produced from food industries. However, most of the by-products exist with no disposal options. Biosorption uses biomass that are either abundant or wastes from industrial operations to remove toxic metals from water. Objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of using chestnut shell as by-products for removal of metal ions(Pb, Cu and Cd) from aqueous solution. The chestnut shell was tested for its efficiency for metal removal by adopting batch-type adsorption experiments. The adsorption selectivity of chestnut shell for metals was Pb > Cu > Cd at solution pH 5.5. The Langmuir isotherm adequately described the adsorption of chestnut shell for each metal. Using The maximum adsorption capacity predicted using Langmuir equation was 31.25 mg g-1, 7.87 mg g-1 and 6.85 mg g-1 for Pb, Cu and Cd, respectively. Surface morphology, functional group and existence of metals on chestnut shell surface was confirmed by FT-IR, SEM and EDX analysis. The chestnut shell showed an outstanding removal capability for Pb compared to various adsorbents reported in the literatures. The overall results suggested that chestnut shell might can be used for biosorption of Pb from industrial wastewater.