아동용 건강자기결정 지표의 타당도 및 신뢰도 조사 -미국 아동을 대상으로-

홍경자,Hong Kyung Ja 한국아동간호학회 1995 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.1 No.1

This study was performed to test the validity and reliability of the Health Self-Determinism Index for Children(HSDI-C), an instrument designed to measure dimensions and strength of motivation in health behavior, to improve the applicability of the tool through application to the various samples. The convenient sample of 148 (boys=75, girls=72 third grade=42, fourth grade=22, fifth grade=32, sixth grade=52 : Caucasian=72, Asian=30, African=19) comprised the children at a chatholic elementary school in Chicago. The children completed English version of HSDI-C from December 5th, 1994 to January l0th, 1995. The findings were as follows : 1. Four factors of HSDI-C were isolated through the principal component analysis and oblique rotation, and explained 48% of the variance in total score. Low correlations among four factors were anticipated because each factor contributed uniquely, All items of the tool loaded above .30 on one of 4 factors. But items loaded on each factor in this study were very different from those in the previous studies. 2. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .81 for the total items and .57∼ .81 for 4 subscales. 3. The differences of HSDI-c mean scores between boys and girls and that of among races were not statistically signifcant, but the mean score of girls and the Caucasian were relatively high. The total mean score of the scale was highest at the 3rd grade, decreased at the 4th or 5th grade, and reincreased at the 6th grade. The trend of mean score of four subscales was similar to that of total mean score. According to the results, suggested below : 1. The items loaded on each factor in this study were very different from those in the previous studies. To clear away the problem of the conceptual confusion, HSDI-C needs to be performed to various and large samples. 2. Unexpectedly, the HSDI-C mean score decreased at middle school age. A longitudinal study will be helpful to search for the change trend of the intrinsic motivation. 3. To improve the applicabilty of the HSDI-C, various reliability and validity test methods besides factor analysis or internal consistency are recommended.

REBT와 기독교적 상담이론의 비교

홍경자(Kyung Ja Hong) 한국REBT인지행동치료학회 2021 한국REBT인지행동치료 Vol.1 No.1

REBT 이론으로써 내담자를 상담하는 카운슬러들의 상당수가 기독교 신자이고 내담자들 역시 많은 수가 기독교 신자인데, REBT 이론과 기독교적 접근의 유사성과 차이점에 대하여 확실하게 알고 싶어하는 관심이 많은 것이 슈퍼비전을 통하여 알 수 있었다. 그러나 지금까지 REBT 이론과 기독교적 상담이론에 대한 연구가 거의 발표된 적이 없으므로, 본 연구에서는 두 가지 이론적 접근의 유사점과 차이점을 밝힘으로써 기독교 상담자들에게 확고한 개념적 이해를 도우며 차후의 REBT 이론발달에 시사점을 제공하는 데에 연구 목적을 두었다. 본 연구는 문헌연구를 통하여 실시되었다. 연구 결과 REBT와 기독교의 인간관은 인간의 존엄성과 불행감의 원인 및 마음의 평안을 얻는 방법과 인간의 정서를 기술하는 면에서 유사성이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 REBT와 기독교적 상당의 접근의 단계 또한 1-4 단계가 매우 유사한 것으로 냐타났다. 상담의 기법에서 인지적 접근은 유사하나 상담이 목표로 추구하는 면에서 REBT는 합리적 사고를, 기독교적 상당에서는 하나님의 준거를 따르는 것에 두는 면에서 차이점이 나타났다. 그리고 정서적, 행동적 기법에서는 REBT가 내담자를 도와주는 실제적 방법 면에서 기독교 상당보다 더 탁월한 것으로 나타났다. REBT와 기독교적 상담이 융합되어 차후에는 무념무상의 명상, 언어와 상상력의 활용, 소크라텍스식 담론, 수동적 자세와 죄의식의 문제 등이 REBT 이론의 발전에 많은 시사점을 제공할 수 있다는 것과 후속 연구의 필요성을 언급하였다. It was discovered through the researcher's supervisions that many Christian counselors and Christian clients realized there were similarities between REBT and Christian Counseling theories and they wanted to have a clear understanding of this. However, there are few research articles on the topic. Therefore, this study was to try to compare the similarities and differences of REBT and Christian Counseling theories, in order to help counselors' conceptual understanding of the two theories and provide suggestions for future development of REBT theory. This study was done through bibliography researches. The results show that there were similarities in the two theories on the human nature, in terms of human dignity, source of unhappiness, how to get peaceful mind and human emotion. And 4 counseling stages in the two were similar. But there were differences in pursuing counseling objectives: rational thinking in REBT, and following God's principles according to the Bible in the Christian Counselings. And REBT showed practically helpful techniques more in emotive, behavioral approaches for the clients. Several suggestions were made, such as applying meditation, making use of language and imagination, Socrates style discussion, passive attitudes and guilt feeling & etc. by collaborating the two theories for the development of REBT theory. And the need for future research was mentioned.

아동의 건강 자기결정 지표에 대한 타당성 조사

홍경자(Kyung Ja Hong),이은주(Eun Ju Lee),신희선(Hee Sun Shin) 여성건강간호학회 1993 모자간호학회지 Vol.3 No.2

불교(佛敎)의 유식사상(唯識思想)과 RET지정료법(知情療法)이론(理論)의 비교(比較)

홍경자(Kyung Ja Hong),오세덕(Se Duck Oh) 전남대학교 교육문제연구소 1992 교육연구 Vol.17 No.-

이성적(理性的) 요법(療法)을 사용한 상담사례 보고

홍경자(Kyung Ja Hong) 전남대학교 교육문제연구소 1983 교육연구 Vol.9 No.-

서울시 3차 의료기관의 병원정보시스템 사용에 따른 간호사의 업무내용변화

홍경자(Hong Kyung-Ja),김정은(Kim Jeong-Eun),강현숙(Kang Hyun-Sook),김금순(Kim Keum-Soon),박호란(Park Ho-Ran),곽월희(Kwag Weol-Hee),탁영란(Tak Young-Ran),최정례(Choi Jung-Rye) 기본간호학회 2001 기본간호학회지 Vol.8 No.2

메타분석을 통한 청소년의 자아존중감 향상을 위한 인본주의적 집단상담과 인지·행동적 집단상담간의 효과비교

홍경자(Kyung Ja Hong),임지선(Ji Sun Yim),김왕석(Wang Sok Kim) 한국상담학회 2001 상담학연구 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of humanistic and cognitive-behavioral counseling groups for the improvement of self-esteem by meta-analysis. This study calculated the effect sizes of 54 among 52 theses on counseling groups for the improvement of self-esteem from 1991 to 2000, and then calculated the overall mean effect size and the mean effect size according to the approaches and age. The data were analysed using the SAS 6.12. Major findings were as follows; First, the overall mean effect size which was calculated from 54 effect sizes was 1.036. It showed that the counseling groups administered in the last decade were generally effective. Second, cognitive-behavioral approach(d=1.304) was more effective than humanistic approach(d=0.921 ). Third, the most effective age group for the improvement of self-esteem was the age 14-16 group(d=1.172) and the next were 17-19(d=1.027), 11-13(d=1.004) and above 20(d=0.937) in order. Finally, as for humanistic counseling group, the most effective age group was 14-16(d=1.194), and the next were 11-13(d=I.026), above 20(d=0.937) and 17-19(d=0.561) in order. As for cognitive-￢behavioral counseling group, the most effective age group was 17-19(d=1.760), and the next were 14￢-16(d=1.150), 11-13(d=0.918) in order. Depending on age, humanistic approach(d=1.026) was more effective than cognitive-behavioral approach(d=0.918) for 11-13 age group. And humanistic approach(d=1.194) was more effective than cognitive-behavioral approach(d=1.150) for 14-16 age group. In the case of 17-19 age group cognitive-behavioral approach(d=1.760) was much more effective than humanistic approach(d==0.561). The result of this study suggests that age and developmental level should be considered in administering humanistic and cognitive-behavioral counseling groups for the improvement of self-esteem.

정상인 및 고혈압환자에 있어서 1일중 혈압변동에 대한 관찰

홍경자,Hong Kyung Ja 대한간호협회 1968 대한간호 Vol.7 No.1

스폰지 목욕에 대한 미숙아의 생리적상태 및 행동반응

이혜경,홍경자,남은숙,이영희,정은자,Lee Hae Kyung,Hong Kyung Ja,Nam Eun Sook,Lee Young Hee,Jung Eun Ja 한국아동간호학회 2000 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.6 No.1

A descriptive exploratory design was used in this study to evaluate the effects of sponge bathing on physiological(heart rate, heart period, vagal tone, oxygen saturation, respiration) and behavioral responses in newly born 40 preterm infants from intensive care unit of S University Hospital in Seoul. Data has been collected from October, 1997 to March, 1999. The infants were between 27-33 weeks gestational age at birth, and were free of congenital defects. The subjects entered the protocol when they were medically stable (determined by initiation of feeding and discontinuation of all respiratory support) but still receiving neonatal intensive care. The infants' physiologic parameters were recorded a 10 - minute before, during, and after bathing. Continuous heart rate data were recorded on a notebook computer from the infant's EKG monitor. The data were digitized off-line on software(developed by Lee and Chang in Wavelet program) which detected the peak of the R wave for each heart beat and quantified sequential R-R intervals in msec(i.e. heart periods). Heart period data were edited to remove movement artifact. Heart period data were quantified as : 1) mean heart period; 2) vagal tone. Vagal tone was quantitfied with a noninvasive measure developed by Porges(1985) in Mxedit software. To determine behavioral status, tools were developed by Scafidi et al(1990) were used. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS program using paried t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The result were as follow. 1. The results of the ANOVAs indicated that vagal tone were signifcantly lower during bathing than baseline and post-bathing. There were significant differences in heart period and heart rate levels across the bathing. But the mean oxygen saturations and respirations were no differences. Also, there were no significant differences on behavioral sign, motor activity, behavioral distress, weight changes, morbidity, and hospitalization period. 2. To evaluate the relation between vagal tone and subsequent parameters, the two groups (the high group had 19 subjects and low group had 21subjects) were divided by the mean baseline vagal tone. Vagal tone measured prior to bathing were significantly associated with respiration before bathing, vagal tone during bathing, and the magnitude of change in both vagal tone. But, other subsequent reactivities were no differences in two groups. 3. Correlations were also calculated between vagal tone and the subsequent physiological reactivities from baseline through after- bathing. Correlations were significant between baseline vagal tone and baseline heart rate, between baseline vagal tone and baseline heart period, between baseline vagal tone and oxygen saturation after bathing. In summary, the bathing in this study showed a stressful stimulus on premature infants through there was significance in the physiological parameters. In addition, our study represents the documentation that vagal tone reactivity in response to clearly defined external stimulation provides an index of infant's status.

인천지역 청소년의 비만도와 혈청 콜레스테롤치와의 관계

김명현,김태완,홍영진,손병관,배수환,장경자,김순기,Kim, Myung Hyun,Kim, Tae Wan,Hong, Young Jin,Son, Byong Kwan,Pai, Soo Hwan,Chang, Kyung Ja,Kim, Soon Ki 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.2

목 적 : 경제발전과 더불어 영양과잉이 문제되고 있으며 비만한 소아가 매년 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 저자들은 인천의 도시와 농촌 지역을 대상으로 중고생 및 대학생을 대상으로 비만 및 체중미달의 유병율을 알아보고 비만도와 콜레스테롤과의 관계를 조사하여 이를 근거로 청소년기의 영양상태를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 4, 5월 인천지역의 3개의 중학교, 5개의 고등학교, 인하대학교 여대생 총 1,456명(남 : 여=685 : 771)을 대상으로 신체계측과 함께, 혈청 콜레스테롤치를 측정하였으며, 설문조사를 통해 영양섭취상태를 조사하였으며, 1998년 대한소아과학회에서 측정한 한국 소아 및 청소년의 신장별 체중 백분위의 50퍼센타일 값을 표준체중으로 하여 비만도를 측정하여, 20% 이상을 비만, -10% 이하를 체중 미달로 정하였고, 또한 1998년 대한 소아과 학회에서 제정한 각 연령별 체질량지수를 근거로 95 백분위수 이상을 비만으로 정하고 15 백분위수 미만을 체중미달로 정하였다. 결 과 : 1) 청소년 비만도의 분포를 정상, 비만, 체중미달로 구분하였을 때, 남자에서는 각각 60.7%, 12.1%, 27.2%이었으며, 여자에서는 각각 70.9%, 11.3%, 17.8%로 남녀 분포의 유의한 차이가 있었다(P=0.001). 2) 표준체중에 의한 비만 유병율은 11.7%(남 : 여=12.1 : 11.3)였고, 이 중 경도비만이 6.5%(남 : 여=6.7 :6.4), 중등도 비만 4.6%(남 : 여=4.4 : 4.8), 고도비만은 0.5%(남 : 여=1.0 : 0.1)였고, 체질량지수에 의한 비만 유병율은 남녀 각각 6.4%, 6.2%였다. 3) 남자에서 농촌 지역의 비만과 체중미달 유병율은 각각 8.5%, 34.1%였고, 도시 지역은 각각 14.3%, 22.9%로 분포의 유의한 차이가 있었다(P=0.002). 여자에서 농촌 지역의 비만과 체중미달 유병율은 각각 12.5%, 19.6%였고, 도시 지역은 각각 10.5%, 16.6%로 두 지역의 체중 분포의 유의한 차이는 없었다(P=0.529). 4) 연령별 비만 유병율은 나이가 많아지면서 증가하다가 16세에 16.3%(남자 15.8%, 여자 16.8%)로 가 장 많은 분포를 차지하고 그 이후로 감소하였다. 체중 미달의 연령별 유병율은 남자가 14세에 39.4%, 여자가 12세에 53.2%로 가장 많은 분포를 보였다. 5) 인문계, 실업계 남자에서 비만 유병율은 각각 13.7%, 9.7%로 인문계에서 더 많은 분포를 차지하였으나 통계학적인 차이는 없었고(P=0.116), 여자는 각각 6.8%, 18.0%로 실업계에 비만 청소년이 더 많은 분포를 차지하여 통계학적인 차이가 있었다(P=0.001). 6) 혈청 콜레스테롤치 200 mg/dL 이상은 비만 청소년에서 6.2%, 170-200 mg/dL인 경우는 비만군에서 22.2%로 비 비만군에 비해 높았고 서로 유의한 상관 관계를 가지고 있었다(r=0.111). 결 론 : 인천지역의 청소년 비만은 조사자의 약 12%로 적지 않음을 알 수 있으며 반면 체중미달도 적지 않은 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 청소년 영양에 대해 관심과 체계적인 교육이 필요하다고 사료되며 그리하여 성인병을 예방하고 한편 영양불량을 개선하는 것이 시급한 문제로 생각된다. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obese and underweight adolescents in Incheon area and to examine the relationship between serum cholesterol level and obesity, then to assess the nutritional condition of adolescents. Methods : With a questionnaire regarding their demographic characteristics, blood samples were obtained from apparently healthy students aged 12 to 24 years by venipuncture at April and May, 2000. We measured the obesity index using standard body weight and the body mass index(BMI) according to the criteria established by the Korean Pediatric Society in 1998. Obesity was defined as BMI more than 95 percentile, and underweight less than 15 percentile by age and sex. Results : A total of 1,456 students(M : F=685 : 771) aged 12 to 24 years were included in this study. The prevalence of obesity by standard body weight in adolescents in Incheon were 11.7% : mild obesity 6.5%, moderate 4.6%, and severe 0.5%. By BMI, the prevalence of obesity was 6.4% in males and 6.2% in females. In males, the prevalence of obesity in rural areas was 8.5%, lower than in urban areas(14.3%). The prevalence of underweight by obesity index was 34.1% in rural areas and 22.9% in urban areas. In females, the prevalence of obesity was 12.5% in rural areas and 19.6% in urban areas. There were no significant differences between the two regions(P=0.529). The prevalence of obesity increased with age till 16.3% of peak prevalence in 16 years of age, and then decreased. In males, the prevalence of obesity in academic and vocational school were 13.7% and 9.7%, respectively(P=0.116). In females of the academic and vocational school, the prevalence of obesity was 6.8% and 18.0%, respectively(P=0.001). In obese adolescents, serum total cholesterol was over 200 mg/dL in 6.2%. Conclusion : This study revealed that the prevalence of obesity in adolescents was about 12% and that the prevalence of underweight adolescents was considerably high. We think nutritional assessment and intervention are warranted for adolescent students.