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허종배,이원규,장하용,김진희 부산연구원 2020 연구보고서 정책연구 Vol.2020 No.0
The frequent occurrence of high concentration events of ambient fine particles (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) has been a rising concerns for public health in Korea. The levels of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Busan is greatly affected by the air pollutants emitted from port facilities, as well as ships, and are not satisfied with the PM<sub>2.5</sub> air quality standards of Korea. To better protect public health from the exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Busan, the correct source contributions of PM<sub>2.5</sub> caused by the port facilities and ships should be calculated. In this study, we are going to comprehensively evaluate the emission volume of port facilities, trucks related with ports, and ships, source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, as well as health effects of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure to provide the PM<sub>2.5</sub> management strategy in Busan. The levels of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Busan are high in summer (i.e., May and June) due to the fact that the summer sea breeze move air pollutants emitted from port facilities and ships located in coastal areas inland. The extremely high peaks of PM<sub>2.5</sub> (less than 50 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) in Busan does not show as many high peaks of PM<sub>2.5</sub> as in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), but low peaks (less than 50 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) in Busan occur as much as in the SMA. The spatial distribution of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Busan represents the formation of clusters according to the characteristics of land use, atmospheric circulation, and surrounding emission sources, and thus, it is necessary to establish a customized management plan for each cluster of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Air pollutants from the aged equipment of the port facilities emit more than 40% of the total emissions in the port area, and thus it is urgent to replace the aged equipment. A large amount of air pollutants are emitted from ships operating on the coastal are of Busan, but it is difficult to calculate the exact amount of emissions. Therefore, a system for calculating emissions based on operational information of all ships should be urgently established. The contribution of secondary sulfate of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Busan increases significantly in summer due to the atmospheric photochemical reaction of sulfur dioxide emitted from ships. During the high concentration events of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Busan in winter, the contribution of secondary nitrate and mobile greatly increases due to the inflow of northwest wind as well as the atmospheric stagnant condition. The secondary nitrate also increases due to the influence of nitrogen oxides emitted from cargo vehicles around port facilities, along with emissions from ships and port facilities, and thus the management strategy for them is needed. Busan has a higher incidence of the premature deaths due to the PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure than other cities. PM<sub>2.5</sub> related with industrial combustion, road dust, and mobile, has greatly contributable to the increase in the premature mortality in Buan and thus the control strategy for them is very important. PM<sub>2.5</sub> control strategy for the port area in Busan -The measurement networks that characterize air pollutants emitted from port facilities and ships should be advanced and the high resolution data from the networks should be used in the policy research -High quality system for calculating the correct emission volumes from ships, cargo vehicles, and port facilities is necessary -It is necessary to operate and build a network between port cities for the PM<sub>2.5</sub> management in port area -Strengthening standards for managing and supervising ships, port facilities and cargo vehicles is necessary -The establishment of eco-friendly infrastructure in port facilities would drastically reduce the PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions in port area.
허종배 부산연구원 2019 BDI 포커스 Vol.- No.367
◯ 미세먼지 고농도 현상의 빈번한 발생으로 시민 불안이 증가함에 따라 그 발생 원인을 명확하게 분석해 체계적으로 관리할 필요성이 대두 ◯ 동남권은 미세먼지 생성·반응 메커니즘이 다른 지역과 상이하고, 미세먼지 노출로 인한 인체 위해도가 높게 나타나는 지역이므로 대기오염물질 특별 관리가 필요 ◯ 동남권은 대기오염물질 및 유해대기오염물질 배출량이 전국에서 가장 많고, 선박·항만 배출오염물질 영향을 크게 받는 지역이므로 효과적 관리를 위해 범부처 통합 대기환경청 설립이 필요 [그림은 본문 참조]