Effects of warming Acupuncture on ligament Recovery Following Injury

허동석,금동호 대한한의학회 2006 대한한의학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Object : Warming acupuncture (WA) has been used in Oriental Medicine for the treatment of physical disabilities caused by ligament damage. Here, the effects of WA on injured ligament tissues were investigated using the rat model. Methods : The rats were induced injury on the right hind ankle, and 4 weeks later, WA was given onto the acupoint GB40 (Quixu) of the injury area on a weekly basis for 6 weeks. Main outcome was measured by levels of Erk1/2, Hoechst nuclear staining and collagen staining in the ligament tissue. Results : Levels of active form of Erk1/2 kinase were increased in the injured ligament with WA compared with the control ligament induced injury only, and this change correlated with cell number increases in the ligament by WA. Type III, but not type I, collagen mRNA and protein levels were elevated in the injured ligament treated with WA. Moreover, histological staining showed increased re-organization of collagen fibers in the ligament by WA. Conclusions : The present data suggest that WA performance to the injured ligament may facilitate the healing process via increasing cellular activity. Object : Warming acupuncture (WA) has been used in Oriental Medicine for the treatment of physical disabilities caused by ligament damage. Here, the effects of WA on injured ligament tissues were investigated using the rat model. Methods : The rats were induced injury on the right hind ankle, and 4 weeks later, WA was given onto the acupoint GB40 (Quixu) of the injury area on a weekly basis for 6 weeks. Main outcome was measured by levels of Erk1/2, Hoechst nuclear staining and collagen staining in the ligament tissue. Results : Levels of active form of Erk1/2 kinase were increased in the injured ligament with WA compared with the control ligament induced injury only, and this change correlated with cell number increases in the ligament by WA. Type III, but not type I, collagen mRNA and protein levels were elevated in the injured ligament treated with WA. Moreover, histological staining showed increased re-organization of collagen fibers in the ligament by WA. Conclusions : The present data suggest that WA performance to the injured ligament may facilitate the healing process via increasing cellular activity.

프롬프트 개발을 통한 수능 국어 맞춤형 문제 생성 시스템 제안

허동석(Dongseok Heo),김기태(Kitae Kim),송형우(Hyungwoo Song),서봉원(Bongwon Suh) 한국HCI학회 2024 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2024 No.1

현대 교육 평가의 중추적인 방법 중 하나는 시험을 활용한 학생 평가이다. 이러한 평가 방식은 학생들의 지식과 사고방식을 다양한 측면에서 측정 하고자 하나, 특히 수능과 같은 대규모 표준화된 시험에서는 고도의 문제를 다수 개발하는 데 상당한 인력이 소모된다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 신속문답생성기라 명명된 자동화 질문 생성 시스템을 개발하여, 문제 출제 과정의 효율성을 극대화하고자 하였다. 본 시스템은 지문 및 문제 유형에 따라 3가지 다른 입력 방식을 채택하여 LLM에 프롬프트 엔지니어링 기술과 커스텀 데이터베이스를 이용해 맞춤형 질문을 생성하는 시스템이다. 각 유형별 문제 출제 수준을 높이기 위해 평가원 국어 기출로부터 사전 정의된 문제 유형마다 다른 프롬프트를 사용하여 생성하였다. 시스템의 성능 평가를 위해 기존 프롬프트로 생성한 문제, 개발 프롬프트로 생성한 문제, 기출 문제를 5가지 지표를 정해 십 여 명을 대상으로 설문을 진행하여 세 문제 간의 차이를 확인하고, 세부 인터뷰를 종합하여 개발 프롬프트의 효과를 확인하였다. 위 시스템은 문제출제자에게는 다양한 유형의 문제를 효과적으로 생성할 수 있는 파이프라인을 제공하면서, 학습자들에게는 개인의 약점을 보완할 수 있는 맞춤형 문제 생성을 도와주기에 단순한 문제 생성 도구를 넘어 교육적 가치를 지닐 것으로 기대한다.

GOES-9 영상의 정밀기하보정을 위한 여러 센서모델 분석

허동석 ( Dong Seok Hur ),김태정 ( Tae Jung Kim ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 2006 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.22 No.4

위성영상의 한 점과 그에 대응하는 지상점의 관계를 수학적으로 나타낸 것을 센서모델이라고 한다. 위성영상의 정밀기하보정을 위해서는 오차가 없는 센서모델이 필요하다. 그러나 IMC가 꺼진 상태에서 제공된 GOES-9 궤도 데이터에 기반한 센서모델은 오차가 존재한다, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 공선 방정식 기반 모델, DLT 기반 모델, 궤도-자세 기반 모델의 세 가지 센서모델에 대하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험에서는 위성영상과 해안선 데이터베이스를 정합시켜 성공한 결과를 기준점으로 사용하였다. 이렇게 선택된 기준점으로 세 가지 센서모델을 이용하여 GOES-9 영상에 적용시켜 초기 기하보정 정확도를 향상시키고 세 모델간의 정확도를 비교하였다. 최종적으로 궤도-자세 기반 모델이 GOES-9 영상의 정미기하보정에 가장 적합한 센서 모델임을 증명하였다. A numerical formula that presents relationship between a point of a satellite image and its ground position is called a sensor model. For precise geolocation of satellite images, we need an error-free sensor model. However, the sensor model based on GOES ephemeris data has some error, in particular after Image Motion Compensation (IMC) mechanism has been turned off. To solve this problem, we investigated three sensor models: collinearity model, direct linear transform (DLT) model and orbit-based model. We applied matching between GOES images and global coastline database and used successful results as control points. With control points we improved the initial image geolocation accuracy using the three models. We compared results from three sensor models. As a result, we showed that the orbit-based model is a suitable sensor model for precise geolocation of GOES-9 images.

급성 외상성 주관절염에 대한 관절강내 봉약침 치험 2례

허동석 ( Dong Seok Heo ),금동호 ( Dong Ho Keum ) 한방재활의학과학회 2005 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Objectives : We got a good effect in two patients not by subcutaneous but by intra-articular bee venom injection treatments at acute traumatic arthritis of elbow joint, so report it. Methods : We used only intra-articular bee venom injection treatments at acute traumatic arthritis of elbow joint. After measured the VAS(visual analogue scale) and ROM(range of motion) of elbow joint, we analyzed bee venom injection effect. Results and Conclusions : The symptoms(swelling, pain) and the functions of elbow joint were quickly improved through intra-articular bee venom injection treatments. One case was improved that Rt. elbow joint flexion was increased from 60° to 150°, extension was increased from 20° to 0°. The other case was improved that Lt. elbow joint flexion was increased from 90° to 150°, extension was increased from 30° to 0°, and both were decreased in VAS. The results suggest that bee venom intra-articular injection has acute pain reduction, anti-inflammation effect.

요통 환자의 기립위 및 좌,우 외측굴곡시 방사선 사진을 통한 요추 회전변위 분석

허동석 ( Dong Seok Heo ),박석우 ( Seok Woo-park ),박영회 ( Young Hoi Park ),금동호 ( Dong Ho Keum ) 한방재활의학과학회 2003 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Objectives : Rotation on vertebra body is common reason causing low back pain and leg radiating pain patients. The present study investigated analysis of the radiological findings on lumbar vertebra rotation between erect position and erect both lateral bending position lumbar AP views in low back pain patients. Method : The study population consisted of 70 patients(outpatients and inpatients clinic of the Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dong-Guk Oriental Medical Hospital in Bundang) who were evaluated with X-ray findings of erect position and erect both lateral bending position lumbar AP views. First, patients were measured erect position lumbar AP views by Nash-Moe`s degree. Second, patients were measured erect both lateral bending position lumbar AP views by intervertebral disc space at convexity region and rotation on lumbar vertebral body. They divided into four groups by type of Grice and Cassidy`s classification. Results : 1. The distribution of sex in the low back pain with leg radiating pain was male 30(42.86%) cases, female 40(57.14%) cases. According to age, 30-40s 23(32.9%) cases, 40-50s 15(21.4%) cases, 20-30s 13(18.6%) cases, 50-60s 9(12.9%) cases, 60-70s 5(7.1%) cases, 70-80s 3(4.3%) cases, each 10-20s and 80-90s one case (1.4%). 2. According to Nash-Moe`s degree by erect position lumbar AP view, the grade 0 was male 8(11.4%) cases, female 10(14.3%) cases, the grade Ⅰ was male 17(24.3%) cases, female 22(31.4%) cases, the grade Ⅱ was male 5(7.1%) cases, female 8(11.4%) cases. 3. According to symptoms, first, patients with low back pain were male 22(31.4%) cases, female 20(28.6%) cases. second, patients with leg radiating pain were male 8(11.4%) cases, female 20(28.6%) cases. 4. According to type of Grice and Cassidy`s classification by erect both lateral bending position lumbar AP views, the type Ⅰ was normal group 7(10.0%) cases, the type Ⅲ and Ⅳ were abnormal group each 15(21.4%) cases, 48(68.6%) cases. 5. According to abnormal group in Nash-Moe`s degree by erect position lumbar AP view, the grade Ⅰ was 39(55.7%) cases and then abnormal type Ⅲ, Ⅳ of Grice and Cassidy`s classification were 5(7.1%) cases, 33(47.1%) cases, the grade Ⅱ was 13(18.6%) cases and then abnormal type Ⅲ, Ⅳ of Grice and Cassidy`s classification were 1(1.4%) case, 12(7.1%) cases. So the relationship between rotation of vertebra by erect position lumbar AP view and type of Grice and Cassidy`s classification by erect both lateral bending position lumbar AP views had significant correction(p<0.05). 3 6. According to analysis of symptoms and X-ray findings by erect both lateral bending position at convexity region, patients with leg radiating pain were 28 cases. In the total of 28 cases, 25 cases had shown rotation of vertebra and intervertebra disc space narrowed at convexity region, while 3 cases didn`t have shown. 7. According to abnormal rotation of vertebral body on erect position, the number of group L4 was 48(32.7%) cases the most, group L3 was 43(29.3%) cases, the next group L2 was 30(20.4%) cases. Group L4, L3, L2 had significantly connection with fixation group on erect both lateral bending position(p<0.05). Conclusions : We concluded that the abnormal rotation of lumbar vertebral body had connection with the low back pain and leg radiating pain patients. So we must regard functional X-ray such as erect both lateral bending position lumbar AP views to early find cause.

침치료의 결과로 오인될 수 있는 자발성 기흉 환자 1례

허동석(Dong-Seok Heo),이승민(Seung-Min Lee),한정석(Jeong-Seok Han),금동호(Dong-Ho Keum),김정석(Jeong-Seok Kim),김지용(Ji-Yong Kim) 대한한의학회 2002 대한한의학회지 Vol.23 No.1

포스터 전시 : 담도,췌장 ; 폐쇄성 황달을 일으킨 췌 내분비종양

허우영 ( Woo Young Heo ),동석호 ( Seok Ho Dong ),한요셉 ( Yo Sep Han ),장린 ( Rin Chang ),이동근 ( Dong Keun Lee ),김효종 ( Hyo Jong Kim ),김병호 ( Byung Ho Kim ),장영운 ( Young Woon Chang ),이정일 ( Joung Il Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2002 대한소화기학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2002 No.-

<서론> 췌장의 내분비 종양은 드문 질환이지만 높은 치료율을 갖는데, 기능적 종양과 비기능성 종양으로 구분된다. 기능적 종양은 증상의 발현이 늦어 90% 이상이 악성의 경과를 갖는다. 기능성 종양은 분비하는 물질에 따라 임상적인 증상이 나타나지만 비기능성 종양은 종양 자체의 크기에 따라 또는 전이에 의한 증상이 나타나게 된다. 췌장암에 의한 폐쇄성 황달은 임상에서 흔히 접하지만 내분비 종양에 의한 폐쇄성 황달은 극히 드물게 발생하기 때문에, 본 저자들은

원발성 간세포암종에서 부종양증후군의 발생 빈도와 임상적 의의

허우영,김진혁,김병호,남기덕,장재영,김남훈,이상길,주광로,동석호,김효종,장영운,이정일,장린 대한간학회 2005 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.11 No.3

Background/Aims: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may manifest paraneoplastic syndromes such as hypercholesterolemia, hypoglycemia, hypercalcemia and erythrocytosis. This study was aimed at evaluating the incidence and clinical significance of paraneoplastic syndromes in Korean HCC patients. Methods: The medical records of 165 HCC patients who were diagnosed and died in the Kyung Hee University Hospital, were reviewed retrospectively. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, hepatitis markers, platelet, liver function test, α-fetoprotein (AFP), Child-Pugh score, tumor features, and the duration of their survival. Results: In total, paraneoplastic syndromes were presented in 43.6% of the HCC patients during the course of their disease. Hypercholesterolemia was solely presented in 14.5%, hypoglycemia in 12.7% and hypercalcemia in 7.8%. The patients who presented with more than 2 syndromes were 8.5%. While 80% of erythrocytosis (4/5) and 51.6% of hypercholesterolemia (16/31) was presented at the time of HCC diagnosis, hypoglycemia and hypercalcemia mainly occurred as terminal events. The patients with paraneoplastic syndromes were younger and had higher rates of portal vein thrombosis, bi-lobar tumor involvement and tumor more of more than 10 cm in diameter, compared to those patients without them. The proportion of patients with a serum AFP more than 400 ng/mL tended to be higher in the patients with paraneoplastic syndromes. The HCC patients with paraneoplastic syndromes, except for erythrocytosis, had a shorter survival than those patients without them. Conclusions: Paraneoplastic syndromes are not infrequently presented in HCC patients, especially at an advanced stage, and the survival of these patients is relatively shorter. 목적: 원발성 간세포암종(이하 간암)은 고콜레스테롤혈증, 적혈구증가증, 고칼슘혈증 및 저혈당증 등의 부종양증후군이 동반될 수 있으나, 국내에서는 이에 대하여 보고된 바가 없다. 저자들은 간암 환자에서 부종양증후군의 발생과 이의 임상적 의의에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 1995년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지 경희대학교부속병원에서 처음으로 간암 진단을 받았던 환자 중 사망 시점이 명확하고 부종양증후군의 이차적인 발생 원인이 없었던 165명(남:여=133:32)을 대상으로 하였고, 이들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 간암 질환 경과 중 부종양증후군은 전체적으로 43.6%에서 발생하였다. 고콜레스테롤혈증, 고칼슘혈증, 저혈당증이 단독으로 발생한 경우는 각각 14.5%, 7.8%, 12.7%였고, 적혈구증가증이 단독으로 발생한 경우는 없었으며, 2가지 이상이 발생한 경우는 8.5%였다. 고콜레스테롤혈증 발생 환자 31명 중 16명(51.6%), 적혈구증가증 발생 환자 5명 중 4명(80%)은 간암 진단 당시 이미 동반되어 있었으며, 고칼슘혈증이나 저혈당증은 각각의 13.6%, 3.3%만 동반되어 있었다. 부종양증후군이 발생하였던 환자는 나이가 다소 적었으며, 혈소판 수가 증가되어 있었고, AFP이 400 ng/mL 이상으로 증가한 경우가 많은 경향이 있었다. 종양 특성 면에서는 크기가 10 cm 이상인 경우, 양엽을 침범한 경우, 간문맥혈전증이 있는 경우가 유의하게 많았다. 생존분석 결과 고콜레스테롤혈증, 고칼슘혈증, 저혈당증이 Child-Pugh 등급 C와 문맥혈전증과 함께 유의한 나쁜 독립 예후인자로 판명되었다. 특히 고칼슘혈증이나 저혈당증은 발생 2주 이내에 대부분의 환자가 사망하였다. 결론: 부종양증후군은 간암이 진행된 경우에 적지 않게 발생하며, 특히 고콜레스테롤혈증, 저혈당증, 고칼슘혈증은 나쁜 예후를 시사하는 독립 인자로 생각된다.

원발성 간세포암종에서 부종양증후군의 발생 빈도와 임상적 의의

허우영,김진혁,김병호,남기덕,장재영,김남훈,이상길,주광로,동석호,김효종,장영운 대한간학회 2005 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.11 No.3

포스타 전시 발표 : 소화기 ; 간내담관 담석이 있었던 환자에서 발생한 점액과분비 유두상 담관 선종 1예

허우영,주광로,장재영,남기덕,김남훈,이상길,동석호,김효종,김병호,장영운,이정일,장린 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2004 No.1