한설야의 중국 인식 -소설 『대륙』과 중국기행문을 중심으로-

한홍화 ( Hong-hwa Han ) 한민족문화학회 2016 한민족문화연구 Vol.54 No.-

This paper examines the perception of Chinese by the author, Han Seolya, focusing on his novel ``The Continent `` and his traveler``s journal on China based on his travel to Beijing. The purpose of this study is to consider imagined geographies by Han Seolya regarding Chinese territory especially through his perception on the relationship of Manchu and Han. In the novel ``The Continent ``, Han people were compared with Manchu people by Japanese and divided from Manchu people; Han``s culture and language were considered negatively and Manchu``s identity was positively valued. Such division by Japanese reveals their intention that led to separation and alienation policy of Manchu against Han. Han and Manchu in Han Seolya``s traveler``s journal on China shared a common ground in their nature and homogeneity was emphasized for their shared identity as ``Chinese``. ``Manchu and Han people`` incorporated into ``Chinese`` in ``the Republic of China`` is again incorporated into ``the Continent people`` since they share the continental nature and characteristics with Manchu people of ``Manchuria``. After all, the author speaks of the Chinese and continental nature of ``Manchu and Han people``, which could not be spoken within ``Manchuria``(``The Continent ``), from the outside of ``Manchuria``(the traveler``s journal on China) to show undeniable connection between Manchu and Han; and ``Manchu and Han people`` of ``Manchuria`` and the Chinese mainland; and to show that regardless of physical borders, ``Manchuria`` and the Republic of China are ``one`` in unity.

박영준 해방 전후의 만주서사와 그 의미

한홍화 ( Hong Hwa Han ) 한민족문화학회 2015 한민족문화연구 Vol.50 No.-

This study is to identify the significance and the position of ``Manchuria`` as a place through Yeongjun Park`s perspective by diachronical consideration in the context of Manchuria Narration before the Liberation by Yeongjun Park to examine how the discussion on Manchuria Narration by Park overcame bigotry rampant during the colonial period and was internalized after the Liberation to be reemerged in novels. Park`s novels before the Liberation which set in Manchuria emphasize the significance of Manchuria as the continuation of Chosun in the narration of failures. This represented the result that reflected the author`s self-consciousness in a sense of complete failure due to poverty and unsuccessful attempts to get a job and Manchuria is the subject for empathy for the author himself. After the Liberation, Manchuria, to Park, became a place that should be forgotten as his career at ``Hyeophwahoe`` during his stay in Manchuria. Destinies of a person and a nation were considered equal and national spirit was emphasized to create empathy from the readers to protect himself from danger that his past might bring. It was not until 2 decades later that the author`s past career at ``Hyeophwahoe`` started to trouble him. Excuse of self-rationalization and self-reflection of atonement occur simultaneously through confessional narration during this period. The ultimate cause of excuse and reflection is to give the act of reminiscing Manchuria some kind of justification. Eventually, for Park, Manchuria is a place that he wanted to forget because it is a place that bears the pro-Japanese trace and is associated with ``Hyeophwahoe``; yet it is also a place that he could get a job and financially stable living which was not possible in Chosun at that time. It is a place that he wanted to remember as well since he could regain his dignity that he lost in Chosun and could heal himself.

『바람꽃』을 통해 본 조선족 정체성의 변이양상

한홍화(Han Hong-Hwa) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2010 한국민족문화 Vol.38 No.-

그동안 중국 조선족 정체성의 문제가 사회역사ㆍ문화학적 측면에서 많이 논의되어 온데 반해 문학적인 측면에서 조선ㆍ족의 정체성 문제에 접근하고자 한 연구는 많지 않았다. 이에 본고는 현실적으로 문제시되고 있는 중국 조선족 정체성의 문제를 문학적으로 형상화한 허련순의 작품 『바람꽃』을 대상으로 조선적 정체성의 변이양상을 살피고자 하였다. 즉 ‘조선적인 것’과 ‘중국적인 것’ 이중적 요소가 주변 환경의 영향에 의해 어떠한 변화를 겪게 되며, 그러한 변화 관계 속에서 조선족의 의식이 어떻게 달라지고 있는가에 주목함으로써 조선족이 자기 정체성의 이중적 성격을 발견하고 극복해나가는 과정을 추적하는 데 목적을 두었다. 한중수교가 이루어지기 전 조선족은 중국에서 한족들과 어울려 살면서 스스로를 구분 짓고 타자화하는 가운데 민족적 자긍심과 자존심을 키워왔고 나름대로의 민족적 정체성을 형성해왔다. 한중수교 이후, 경제적 부유를 위해 모국으로 역이주를 하게 된 조선족은 자기 정체성의 갈등을 겪게 되는데, 한국생활의 직접적인 체험 속에서 조선족은 그동안 간과했던 국민 정체성을 다시 되살린다. 전자가 국민성에 대한 민족성의 우위를 강조하고 있다면 후자는 국민성의 중요성을 끄집어내고 있다. 이것은 민족성과 국민성 둘 중에서 하나를 버리고 하나를 선택하는 문제가 아니라, 조선족이 자기정체성의 이중적 성격을 새롭게 인식해나가고 극복해나가는 하나의 과정에 해당하는 것이다. 조선족이 이중적 정체성을 가지고 있다고 해서 이 두 가지 성질이 일대일의 비례로써 공존해 있거나 동등한 위치에 놓여있는 것은 아니다. 이 두 가지 성질은 주변 환경의 변화에 따라 수시로 위치가 바뀔 수 있으며 그러한 가운데 조선족의 정체성은 거듭 수정되고 재확립되어 가는 것이다. While identity issue among Korean Chinese has so far been discussed in terms of the society, history and culture, very few studies had been done on Korean Chinese identity in terms of literature. This paper therefore is to examine the identity transition among Korean Chinese reflected in 『Windflower (“Baramggot”)』 ?by Ryeonsun Hur, in which Korean Chinese identity issue was portrayed as an issue to be addressed. By focusing on the changes due to the environment with dual element-something ‘Korean’ and ‘Chinese’-and how the perception of Korean Chinese has changed accordingly, the paper is to trace the process in which Korean Chinese discover the dual aspect of their identity. Korean Chinese, before the Korea-China amity, have developed their national pride by differentiating themselves from Chinese while living among them to form their own national identity. Since the amity between Korea and China, Korean Chinese returned to their homeland to seek economic wealth and experienced identity conflict, which evoked the national identity, as they were living in Korea, that they had overlooked for many years. While the former emphasizes the priority of nationality, the latter draws the importance of nationality. It is not about choosing between nation and race but about recognizing the duality of Korean Chinese identity and overcoming identity crisis. Dual identity among Korean Chinese doesn't indicate co-existence of those two aspects in equal amount. The two aspects can change as the environment changes and the identity of Korean Chinese keeps changing and re-established.

일제말기 이효석 소설에 나타난 ‘할빈’의 의미

한홍화(Han, Hong-hwa) 국어국문학회 2013 국어국문학 Vol.- No.164

One of main themes found in Hyoseok Yi’s literatures is West-oriented Consciousness. His passion and earning toward the West is not about worshipping the West, but about pursuing the world without any class difference between nations and ethnic groups, so called ‘Cosmopolitanism’. The objective of this paper is to investigate the significance of Harbin as a space in relation to the author (Yi)’s experience based on the his unique view of cosmopolitanism. These three novels, <flowerpot>, <Byeokgongmuhan>, and <Harbin> shows the transition in his consciousness before and after the trip to Manchuria, where he embodied the space, ‘Harbin’with the motif in travel. Harbin before the trip to Manchuria was portrayed as a surreal space of idealism that can accomplish ‘cosmopolitanism’, also as a substituting space of the West. However, the ‘Harbin’ after travelling the region is portrayed as a realistic space of skepticism where it is impossible to accomplish ‘cosmopolitanism. As a result, Yis Harbin is a space where it is connected with imagination and experience with the rest of the world, surpassing regional idea and system in the East. Therefore, it symbolizes a space where one can experience all of dream, hope, despair and skepticism.

작가의 공간의식과 만주의 의미

한홍화(Hong Hwa Han) 한국현대소설학회 2012 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.49

Many researches on Manchuria were focused on issues such as the recognition/attitude of people in Chosun on the reality in Manchuria, their reactions, author`s interest (ruler/subjects, civilization/savage, and assimilation/differentiation), desire of Chosun people toward decolonization. However, this article focuses on the relevant to Manchuria-related writings and the personal experience of author who wrote the text. In addition, this article investigated how two author`s spatial experience and memory have an influence on the meaning of space that is well portrayed in the text and on the recognition of Manchuria by comparing <Farmer> with <Rice>. Two works <Farmer> and <Rice> tell a similar story with the same background in Manchuria. Nevertheless, there is a distinctive difference in terms of the sense of space and its meaning that are told in these works. The very cause of this difference can be deduced from two artists` personal space experience and consciousness. Yi Taejun`s childhood memory was almost entirely negative feelings such as loneliness and anxiety because his time as an orphan and experience in strange space. This memory is applied the same way when he travelled to Manchuria, where he still sees Manchuria as ``monotonous`` and ``gloomy`` space. This produces the meaning of Manchuria as uncomfortable space, not to mention strange and dangerous feeling. In contrast, An Sugil`s case is different in that he actually experienced the space in Manchuria moving freely between his hometown in Chosun and Manchuria, since he was young. Therefore, he recognized Manchuria as the expanded place of ``No. 1 Hometown``, which is a part of actual ``No. 1 Hometown``. This made him create the meaning of Manchuria as an intimate and loving place.