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노인 커뮤니티공간에 관한 연구 : 노인요양시설을 중심으로
한창환 건국대학교 일반대학원 2014 국내석사
현재 우리나라는 인구감소 및 노인의 고령화로 인해 노인 인구층이 급격하게 증가하고 사회적 노인 문제 또한 증가하고 있다. 노인들이 겪는 고통에는 빈고, 고독고, 무위고, 병고가 있다. 특히 사회적 고립과 외로움으로 인한 고독고는 노인뿐만이 아니라 전 세대에 거쳐서 문제가 되고 있다. 고령화로 인해 사회적 부적응을 겪는 노인문제들 중 고독고를 줄이기 위해서는 노인의 특성에 맞는 노인커뮤니티가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 노인문제 중 외로움으로 인한 자살충동을 줄일 수 있는 방안으로 노인들이 사용하는 건축물 중 국내·외 노인복지시설의 커뮤니티공간에 대해 심층 분석하였다. 노인요양시설의 커뮤니티공간을 분석하기 위해서 먼저 노인커뮤니티를 노인의 특성에 따라 3가지로 분류를 하였다. ①노화에 따른 신체, 심리적 변화에 대한 형태적 특성, ②소속, 직업의 유무, 종교 등 공동의 목표를 가진 공동체를 위한 사회적 특성, ③일반성인보다 환경에 영향을 받기 때문에 환경적 특성, 이 세 가지로 분류하여 건축공간과의 관계를 분석하였다. 노인요양시설은 크게 외부와 내부로 분류하여 커뮤니티공간을 분석하였다. 노인요양시설의 외부 공간은 쾌적성, 접근성, 안전성, 편리성(배리어프리), 분위기요소로 분류하여 공간과의 관계를 분석하였다. 내부공간은 거주 노인들이 생활 할 수 있는 거주공간, 간호서비스가 제공되는 간호공간, 기타시설 관리 및 공용 공간으로 분류하여 공간과 연계하여 분석하였다. 노인의 특성과 노인요양시설의 기능에 따른 공간을 연계하여 노인요양시설(기능에 따른 분류)-노인커뮤니티(노인 특성에 따른 분류)-공간의 관계를 건축적으로 접근하였다. 사례분석은 노인커뮤니티 디자인 특징을 가진 영국 노인요양시설 4곳과 국내 공공노인요양시설 5곳으로 총 9개의 사례분석을 통해서 구체적인 노인요양시설-노인커뮤니티-공간의 관계를 분석하였다. 또한 건축물의 개요, 평면도, 병실(침실), 식당, 프로그램실, 복도를 분석하여 건축물의 일반적인 정보와 노인 커뮤니티공간에 대해 파악하였다. 본 연구에서는 우선 앞서 언급한 노인요양시설의 공간(거주공간, 간호공간, 관리공간, 공용공간)을 분류하여 노인커뮤니티(형태적, 사회적, 환경적)와의 관계를 분석하고 공간에서 거주자, 간호자, 관리자, 방문객의 커뮤니티가 이루어지는 공간에 대해 분석하려고 한다. 결론은 해외사례 4곳의 커뮤니티공간에 대해 분석한 결과를 가지고 국내사례 5곳의 커뮤니티공간과 비교하여 노인 커뮤니티공간의 활용방안을 제시 및 노인요양시설의 시설규정 및 법규에 대해 소고하고자 한다. 많은 요양시설을 분석하지 못한 한계점이 나타나지만 각 건축물의 분석을 통한 규명은 노인문제 중 고독고를 줄여줄 수 있으며 사회까지 도움을 줄 수 있다. 동시에 노인시설의 커뮤니티공간에 대한 중요성을 인식하게 된다면 앞으로의 노인시설의 새로운 가이드라인에 대한 촉매로서의 역할을 할 것이다. Due to the increasing number of elderly people despite of decreasing number of general populations, problems related to the elderly people in the society are increasing. Elderly people suffer from the poverty, loneliness, and illness. Especially, the problems from social isolation and loneliness are becoming a critical issue not only for elderly people but also all generation in the society. In order to reduce the number of elderly people who suffer from the social maladjustment, developing society that fits the characteristic of elderly people is necessary. The study analyzed their nursing homes in various domestic and foreign regions in order to find solutions to reduce suicidal incidents from the loneliness. To analyze community space of nursing homes, elderly community is analyzed into three categories based on their characteristics. ①Some morphological characteristics of the physical and psychological changes ②Social characteristics for community which has the same goal of belonging, career and religion ③Environmental characteristics for elderly people who can get more influence by environment. With those three characteristics above, architectural spaces are analyzed the relation with them. Elderly nursing homes are separated the outside and the inside, and it analyzed some community places. The outside of elderly nursing homes are divided with amenity, accessibility, safety and convenience, and it analyzed a relation among some of spaces. The inside of that is divided with a living space which elderly people can live, a nursing space which is supplied with nursing service and some of etc facilities and public spaces. The space of elderly nursing homes (classification of function)-elderly community (classification of elderly characteristics) is approached in an architectural way related to the space of elderly nursing homes and elderly characteristics. Through some case studies, four of the elderly nursing homes in England and five places of the internal public elderly nursing homes which have design characters of elderly community, specific space relation of elderly nursing homes and elderly community is analyzed. Also, with the building analysis for summary, plans, wards(hospital rooms), cafeteria, program rooms and alley, some of general information and elderly community space is understood. In this study, there will be an analysis of relation of elderly community(morphological, social, environmental characteristics) which is separated into some spaces of elderly nursing homes(living, nursing, public spaces and facilities) written above. In conclusion, with some of analyzed results about four of the international case studies for community spaces, there will be application plans of it compare to five of the internal case studies, and try to look over facility regulations of the places. There are some critical points that this thesis couldn't analyze lots of nursing homes. However, some analysis of buildings can reduce loneliness for the elderly, and it can also help the society. Furthermore, if people can recognize the importance of community space for elderly facilities, there will be a new guide line for that which can have a play on catalyst.
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動的應答法을 利用한 多点支持된 連續圓筒셸의 振動特性에 關한 硏究
This paper presents an useful approach to predict vibrational characteristics of the circular cylindrical shell structures to be used in the high-technology industry such as aircraft, spacecraft, nuclear reactor, submarine including industrial facilities. Such a structure has multiple supports at arbitrary intermediate positions and the structures are always exposed to external vibration sources such as wind, earthquake, shock or power sources and so on. In this study a vibration analysis of the continuous circular cylindrical shell with the multiple supports is conducted to investigate dynamic characteristics and to obtain structural integrity by using analytic, FEM and experimental methods. To develope the frequency equations of the circular cylindrical shell, the applied linear elastic theory is based on the assumption that the thickness is thin with respect to its radius of curvature and that the deflection is small. The equations are also derived by using the energy method and the Rayliegh-Hitz method. The continuous circular cylindrical shell with multiple supports is regarded as a combined structure, its frequency equation is derived by using the line receptance method and the spring receptance method, including the force equilibrium and the displacement continuity on the intermediate supports. Expecially, the forces acting on the intermediate supports at arbitrary axial positions is defined by the modal expansion method expressed in the Dirac Delta function, displacements of the system are expressed as an infinite series of natural modes. To have a more good reliability for analytical solutions, additionally the finite element analysis(FEA) and the experimental modal analysis are carried out to investigate natural frequencies and mode shapes, the results obtained are compared to the analytical results to verify engineering applications. FE modeling is created by the ANSYS 5.3 program and the modal test is done with an impulse hammer, an accelerometer and FFT analyzer, experimental models and jigs are designed to obtain modal parameters and are fabricated of stainless steel. In this experiment, the time signals which generates during exiting the structure is transformed into the frequency signals including an useful information related to frequency parameters of the system through the FFT Analyzer. The frequency response function(FRF) is obtained from their measured signals and mode shapes are simulated on the display of STAR SYSTEM(Spectral Dynamic Inc.) with respect to their natural frequencies. As a result, the major conclusions of this study are summarized as follows. 1) The frequency equations of circular cylindrical shell is derived using the energy method and Rayleigh-Ritz method from the assumption that the shell is thin and the displacement is small. 2) And then the frequency equation of a continuous circular cylindrical shell is derived using the receptance method, the modal expansion method and the Dirac Delta Function. 3) Analysis of dynamic characteristics for the continuous circular cylindrical shell with multiple supports at the intermediate positions has been performed to get the natural frequency and mode shapes. In this study modal parameters are investigated in considering geometric parameters, and end conditions and the number of intermediate supports. 4) The vibrational characteristics of the continuous circular cylindrical shell may be changed by the end conditions. The natural frequencies of the shell structures without intermediate supports are much affected by the type of constraint conditions at both ends. However, in case that the shell structures have intermediate supports at arbitrary positions along the axial direction, the natural frequencies are not much affected by the constraints at both ends. 5) Investigating the variation of the natural frequency with the intermediate supports, the fundamental frequency of Case V with 3 intermediate supports is about 2.8 times higher than that of Case Ⅱ without intermediate supports in the analytic solution, 2.7 times in the experimental analysis and 3.3 times in the FEM analysis. 6) In order to control the vibrational characteristics for a continuous circular cylindrical shell with multiple supports, it is effective to take advantage of the principle of multiple supports other than geometric parameters or constraint conditions.
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한창환 경상대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사
Music is an essential element in education of human motion and in the education for the whole youth. Thanks to the benefits of civilization, we have had a lot of chances to listen to various kinds of music. 'The Contemporary Music.' Recently, it has a great effect on the lives of adolescent students. The popular culture and mass media in Korea have developed and spread over their lives. Therefore, adolescence students, who contact with these mass communications unconsciously, have already play an important role in creating and spreading their culture. Well-matched with the name "the powers of the Internet World", Korean youth are enjoying contemporary music which they are interested in through PC, TV, Radio, MP3, and their cell phone. However, the popular music has a bad influence on the youth, so it can become social problems such as resistance against the established generation, and idolization of singers. Also, the popular music can be received by youths without the intellectual efforts of recipients, so it can hinder them think creatively, and it can make youth to focus sensuous aspects too much. Also, these phenomena can cause the youth to escape from the reality. For example, It is shown that the lyrics of popular songs have an important effect on the youth. For this reason, it is urgent to exclude sensuous and violent lyrics, and change them to healthy lyrics for the youth. Nowadays, most of students meet with contemporary music in their everyday life. On the other hand, our society still regards contemporary music as a profit creator and a fashion guider. Therefore, to use the comtemporary music in the music education, educators need to study and try to change it ceaselessly. Stream and appreciation of contemporary music are a natural phenomenon for Korean youth culture. This thesis aims at ① Understanding the influence of contemporary music on youth. With this in mind, I researched the general characteristics of teenager, their emotion and musical tendency. ② Understanding positive effects of contemporary music education for youth students who are growing emotionally . ③ First, with this in mind, I researched the goal and the role of music education. Moreover, I researched the definition and sorts of contemporary music. I also analyzed "authorized textbooks : series 8 on music" and "Music and Life : series 2 to know contemporary music in school education. Further, I surveyed 272 high school students in Busan province to collect students' opinions about their preferring contemporary music, environment of contemporary music and contemporary music for music education in school. We should find the contemporary music as students' interests and educational effect in order to make music education more effective and practical. It will help students to grow emotion in a positive way.
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