7가지 시비처리가 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무 묘목의 생장 및 양분농도에 미치는 영향

한시호 ( Si Ho Han ),변재경 ( Jae Kyung Byun ),조민석 ( Min Seok Cho ),안지영 ( Ji Young An ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김세빈 ( Se Bin Kim ),박병배 ( Byung Bae Park ) 한국임학회 2016 한국산림과학회지 Vol.105 No.2

시비는 고정포지에서 연속적인 묘목 생산에 의해 발생할 수 있는 양분 부족을 예방하고 건전한 묘목 생산을 위해 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무 묘목을 대상으로 무처리인 대조구를 포함하여, 단일원소비료 질소(N 13.8 g·m(-2)), 인(P 6.1 g·m(-2)), 칼륨(K 7.5 g·m(-2)) 처리와 NPK복합비료 1x(N 6.9 g·m(-2), P 3.05 g·m(-2), K 3.75 g·m(-2)), 2x(1x의 2배량), 4x(1x의 4배량) 처리가 묘목의 생장과 양분 변화에 미치는 영향을 양분벡터분석법(Vector diagnosis method)으로 정량화하였다. 토양 pH는 시비량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 치환성 칼슘과 마그네슘은 질소와 복합비료 처리에서 감소하였다. 물푸레나무와 들메나무는 질소와 복합비료 시비에서 수고와 근원경이 유의하게 증가하였고, 잣나무와 전나무는 처리에 따른 차이가 없었다. 물푸레나무와 들메나무는 대조구에 비해 복합비료 처리에서 약 2배의 물질량 증가를 보였다. 양분벡터반응은 수종과 시비처리에 따라 상이한 경향을 보였는데, 물푸레나무는 식물체 내 질소 농도와 함께 질소함량이 감소되는 "양분희석" 현상이 나타났고, 식물체 인과 칼륨은 4x처리에서 식물체 농도 변동 없이 함량이 증가하는 "양분최적" 현상을 보였다. 들메나무는 질소, 인, 칼륨의 단일원소비료 처리에서 건중량의 변화 없이 질소 함량을 감소시키는 "체내이동" 현상을 보였으며, 복합비료 처리는 정도는 다르지만 "양분희석" 현상을 보였다. 본 연구는 양묘과정에서 물푸레나무와 들메나무는 적절한 시비가 요구되지만, 잣나무와 전나무는 시비가 필수적이지 않음을 보여주고 있다. Fertilization is required to keep the balance of tissue nutrients and to produce high quality seedlings at the permanent nursery. This study was conducted to verify the optimum fertilization method for Fraxinus rhynchophylla, F. mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies holophylla seedlings with vector diagnosis method. Seven treatments include nitrogen (N, 13.8 g·m(-2)), phosphorus (P, 6.1 g·m(-2)), potassium (K, 7.5 g·m(-2)) fertilization and 1x (N 6.9·g m(-2), P 3.05 g·m(-2), K 3.65 g·m(-2)), 2x (twice of 1x), 4x (four times of 1x) fertilization and no fertilization. Soil pH decreased as fertilization increased. Nitrogen and NPK fertilization decreased exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations. Height and root collar diameter of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica significantly increased with N and NPK fertilization, but those of P. koraiensis and A. holophylla did not. The biomass of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica was about twice higher at NPK fertilization compared to the control. The responses of vector diagnosis were different by tree species and fertilization treatment: F. rhynchophylla was in the status of N "dilution", which means the N concentration decreases with N content. Phosphorus and K were "sufficiency" state with 4x fertilization. F. mandshurica showed "retranslocation" as N content decreased without change of dry weight at N, P, K fertilization, but "dilution" state at NPK fertilization. This result suggested that optimal fertilization was required for F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica in seedling production stage, but was not essential for P. koraiensis and A. holophylla.

연구논문(硏究論文) : 유기질 및 화학비료 처리수준이 어린 백합나무 생장 및 양분농도에 미치는 영향

한시호 ( Si Ho Han ),안지영 ( Ji Young An ),최형순 ( Hyung Soon Choi ),조민석 ( Min Seok Cho ),박병배 ( Byung Bae Park ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.5

Soil nutrient management is important to maintain the constant productivity of seedling production in the nursery for successful forest restoration. This study investigated the effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer application levels on the growth, soil properties, and nutrient concentrations of yellow poplar seedlings. One-year-old yellow poplar seedlings were treated with the combination of 3 level organic manures(0, 5 Mg/ha, 10 Mg/ha; mixture of poultry manure, cattle manure, swine manure, and sawdust) and 3 level nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) chemical fertilizers(0, 1x(urea, 30 g/m2; fused superphosphate, 70 g/m2; potassium chloride, 15 g/m2), 2x). Organic manure significantly increased the soil pH and the concentrations of nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium. In contrast, the NPK chemical fertilizer decreased the soil pH and exchangeable calcium concentration, did not affect the soil concentrations of nitrogen and magnesium, and increased the concentrations of available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium. Both organic manure and NPK chemical fertilizer treatments increased the seedling height, root collar diameter, and dry weight by 39% and 25%, respectively. The treatment with manure 5 Mg/ha and NPK 2x chemical fertilizer mostly increased seedling dry weight by 2.6 times more than that of the control. Compared to the effects of the fertilization treatments on the soil properties, the effects on nutrient concentrations in the leaves were relatively small. These findings indicate that organic manure that was derived from livestock byproducts and sawdust can be utilized with chemical fertilizer to improve seedling production as well as conserving soil quality.

중북부 활엽수림과 침엽수림에서 세근과 낙엽,낙지 동태 연구

박병배 ( Byung Bae Park ),안지영 ( Ji Young An ),성주한 ( Joo Han Sung ),한시호 ( Si Ho Han ),백민현 ( Min Hyun Baek ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

낙엽·낙지와 더불어 세근은 온대산림의 탄소와 양분 순환에서 매우 중요함에도 불구하고 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 낙엽·낙지 생산량과 잔뿌리 생산성의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 광릉장기생태연구지의 5개 활엽수림과 4개 침엽수림에서 수행되었다. 낙엽망과 Ingrowth cores 방법으로 2년 동안 낙엽·낙지량, 잔뿌리 바이오메스, 잔뿌리(직경 2mm 이하) 생산성을 예측하였다. 잔뿌리 턴오버는 활엽수에 비해 침엽수에서 약간 높았으며 잔뿌리 생산성은 2년차에서 138~490 g m-2으로 조사되었다. 낙엽량(340~597 g m-2)은 잔뿌리 생산성보다 높았고 변이가 적었다. 잔뿌리 생산성은 지상부 낙엽량이나 변재 생산성과 관련이 있을 것으로 예측되었으나 이 연구에서는 관계가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. We have short understanding of the relationship between litterfall and fine root dynamics in temperate forest ecosystems even though these are major components in carbon and nutrient cycling. We studied litterfall, fine root biomass and production in five deciduous and four coniferous forests at the Gwangneung Long Term Ecological Research Site in Korea. We used ingrowth cores to measure fine root turnover for two years. Collected roots were divided into living and dead roots with <0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2 and 2-5mm in diameter. Litterfall was separated into leaves, twig, bark, seed, and others and all leaves were further separated by species. Our preliminary results show that fine root turnover rate was 1.68 year-1 for deciduous forests and 2.07 year-1 for coniferous forests. Annual fine root (<2 mm) production ranges from 47 to 335 g m-2 in the first year and from 138 to 490 g m-2 in the second year. The annual litterfall production ranges from 340 to 597 g m-2. For further research, we will test the relationships between the fine root production, litterfall production and environmental variables and the contribution of fine root and litterfall to nutrient dynamics by forest types.

연구논문(硏究論文) : 토양개량제 처리가 물푸레나무와 소나무 묘목의 생장과 양분농도에 미치는 영향

박병배 ( Byung Bae Park ),변재경 ( Jae Kyung Byun ),조민석 ( Min Seok Cho ),한시호 ( Si Ho Han ),정문호 ( Mun Ho Jung ),김세빈 ( Se Bin Kim ),배기강 ( Kikang Bae ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2016 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The production of high quality seedlings is a very important phase in silvicultural systems for successful reforestation or restoration. The purpose of this study was to measure both growth performances and nutrient responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Pinus densiflora seedlings, which are commercially planted in Korea, according to soil improvement treatments. We applied 8 types of soil improvements: control with no treatment, compost B and compost Y as organic materials, vermiculite, perlite, two level of zeolite, and mix of vermiculite, perlite, and zeolite as inorganic materials in a permanent national nursery. Only compost B treatment significantly increased soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium and calcium at the 0-10 cm soil depth. The growth of F. rhynchophylla and P. densiflora was the highest at the compost B treatment and the lowest at the vermiculate treatment. Compost B treatment allocated more carbon to aboveground than belowground by 39%, especially to foliage. On the vector diagnosis, there was ``shortage`` on compost B treatment because of all increases of N contents, N concentrations, and growth and ``over accumulation`` on vermiculite treatment because of more N uptake compared with dry weight increase. This study suggested optimal use of soil improvements is very important to improve soil quality in a permanently used nursery.

객토와 심토뒤집기 처리가 물푸레나무, 소나무, 잣나무 묘목의 초기 생장과 양분함량에 미치는 영향

안지영 ( Ji Young An ),박병배 ( Byung Bae Park ),변재경 ( Jae Kyung Byun ),조민석 ( Min Seok Cho ),김용석 ( Yong Suk Kim ),한시호 ( Si Ho Han ),김세빈 ( Se Bin Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.1

The production of high quality seedlings is a very important phase in silvicultural systems for successful reforestation or restoration. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure both growth performances and nutrient responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Pinus densiflora, and Pinus koraiensis seedlings, which are commercially planted in Korea, according to the different types of soil improvement treatments. We applied soil brought (hereafter ‘brought’), subsoil inversion (hereafter ‘subsoil’), and mixture of brought soil with soil on nursery bed (hereafter ‘mixing’) in a permanent national nursery. Silt and clay contents were the highest at the subsoil treatment and organic material, soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were the lowest at the brought treatment. The growth of F. rhynchophylla was the lowest at the subsoil treatment, but there were no significant differences among treatments. There were significant differences in only root nutrient concentrations of F. rhynchophylla among treatments: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations were the lowest at the subsoil or brought treatment. Mixing treatment increased N contents with deduction of N concentrations (‘dilution’) because of more dry weight increase compared with the amount of N uptake. This study suggested mix of brought soil with soil on a nursery bed in a permanently used nursery can economically be an effective technique to improve soil quality.