일제침략에 대한 한중 공동항전의 역사적 경험과 과제

한시준 ( Seejun Han ) 단국사학회 2016 史學志 Vol.52 No.-

There are historical experiences that were shared between Koreans and Chinese in the 1st half of the 20th century. Despite the temporal and methodological differences, both Korea and China were invaded by the Japanese imperialism. Invaded by the Japanese empire, Korea and China came to share a ``common fate`` and considered the Japanese empire as their ``mutual enemy.`` And both Koreans and Chinese collaborated each other and fought the anti-Japanese war together. The Korean-Chinese coalitional war against the Japanese empire were developed throughout China in various forms. The typical area in which the Korean-Chinese coalitional war were developed was Manchuria. As the Japanese empire invaded Manchuria in September of 1931, Koreans and Chinese living in the area allied and fought against the Japanese army together. The fact that Korea`s Joseon Revolutionary Army(Joseon Hyeokmyeong-gun) and Korean Independence Army(Han-guk Dokripgun) working in Manchuria allied with China`s Liaoning People`s Self-Defence Army(Liaoning Minjung Jawigun) and Gillim National Salvation Army(Gillim Gugukgun) and developed the coalitional war was one of such examples. Also in the Inland China some coalitional wars of various methods were fought. Since 1910`s many Korean young men entered Chinese military academy, took military training, and then joined Chinese army to fight the anti-Japanese war. Some Korean independence movement groups organized Joseon Euiyongdae · Hanguk Cheongnyeon jeonji gongjakdae · Hanguk Gwangbokgun · Joseon Euiyonggun and fought the anti-Japanese war together with Chinese army. The fact that the Chinese Nationalist Party Government(Kuomintang) and the Chinese Communist Party supported Korea`s independence movement was an important example for the coalitional war. Since Sun Wen`s Constitutional Protection Government, the Chinese Nationalist Party Government supported the independence movement of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, and the Chinese Communist Party helped Joseondokripdongmaeng`s activities in Yan`an. Especially, the result of Jiang Jieshi`s positive support and effort was that the Cairo Conference of 1943 confirmed Korea should become free and independent after the war. In the 1st half of the 20th century Korea and China went through a lot of suffering and ordeal due to the Japanese invasion. Throughout the process Korea and China deployed the coalitional war against the Japanese empire, and for the result defeated the Japanese empire`s invasion and achieved the liberation and the victory. Korea and China together have the historical experiences defeating the Japanese empire`s invasion. Nonetheless, for over the 70 some years the history of the Korean-Chinese coalitional resistance has not been settled yet. Both Korean and Chinese must remember the communal experiences that they defeated the Japanese empire`s invasion together, and prepare a plan to historically organize them.

독립운동의 성과와 계승

한시준 ( Han¸ Seejun ) 단국사학회 2020 史學志 Vol.60 No.-

It is difficult to understand as if history had begun anew since 1945. Before 1945, the Korean people started the independence movement to escape from Japanese colonial rule. On March 1, 1919, the government declared itself an independent nation, and on April 11, 1919, it established the Republic of Korea as an independent nation, and established a provisional government. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was a newly established state and government during the independence movement. The history of monarchy has been changed to the history of national sovereignty, and the history of despotic monarchy has been changed to the history of democratic republics. The establishment of the Korean government in August 1948 was established through the independence movement. This is because there was a promise at the Cairo Conference in 1943 that Korea would become a free and independent country if Japan was defeated. It was the achievement of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea that guaranteed Korea's independence. The establishment of the government of the Republic of Korea after liberation, and the current National Assembly and the Armed Forces, all originated from the independence movement. The Korean government, established in August 1948, was reconstructed following the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in 1919. The National Assembly originated from the Provisional Assembly, which was established on April 11, 1919. The root of the Korean army lies in the Liberation Army. The history of post-liberation has nothing to do with the independence movement. In the process of the independence movement, the history of the people changed and developed greatly, and these historical experiences were inherited and developed after liberation. It is necessary to understand that today, we live in a country called the Republic of Korea, and in the era of national sovereignty and democratic republic, through the independence movement.

대한민국 임시정부와 민주주의

한시준 ( Han Seejun ) 단국사학회 2019 史學志 Vol.59 No.-

To cite the biggest change in the history of the Korean race, what can be said? There are many opinions, but the history of Monarch has changed to that of Popular Sovereignty. This transition was prompted by the 3.1 Movement and the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. The history of the nation changed when it declared itself an independent nation on March 1, 1919, and 40 days later, on April 11, 1919, it was founded as an independent nation ‘Republic of Korea'. The Republic of Korea was founded as a nation of Popular Sovereignty. The establishment of Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea has also greatly changed national history. It has been transformed into a history of Democratic Republics through the Constitution of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea established the Constitution and operated the government based on the Constitution to establish and develop Popular Sovereignty and Democratic Republics. On April 11, 1919, < The Korean Provisional Charter of the Constitution > enacted as a constitution based on democratic principles and ran the government based on it. Since then, the Constitution has been supplemented and amended on five occasions until the amendment of < The Korean Provisional Charter of the Constitution > in April 1944. The operation and experience of a government based on the constitution has become a major asset in the establishment and development of a democratic republic. It was The Korean Provisional Congress that contributed greatly to the settlement and development of democracy. The Korean Provisional Congress was a legislative body of the interim government of the Republic of Korea, consisting of lawmakers representing each local people. It had The Korean Provisional Congress as an organization to collect the opinions of the people and ran the government under The Korean Provisional Congress's resolution. The Korean Provisional Congress have been running around political parties since the 1930s. In 1942, left-wing parties and groups joined the parliament, which also resulted in the creation of the ruling party and opposition parties. This experience achieved the origin of party politics and served as a great stepping stone to the establishment and development of Popular Sovereignty and Democratic Republics.

중국군으로 대일항전을 전개한 김홍일

한시준 ( Han Seejun ) 단국사학회 2018 史學志 Vol.57 No.-

Kim Hong-il was a Korean, yet participated in Chinese Army for nearly 30 years. He entered Guizhou Military Academy for Army (貴州陸軍講武學校: Guizhou Lujun Jiangwu Xuexiao) in 1919 for military training; since then till he came back to Korea in 1948, he served for Chinese army. For the time, Kim Hong-il participated in the Northern Expedition as a member of National Revolutionary Army (國民革命軍: Guomingemingjun); and during the Sino-Japanese War he fought against the Japanese empire as a commanding officer of Chinese army. His rank reached Brigadier General of Army (陸軍少將), and he passed through Army College (陸軍大學) which was the highest training course in Chinese Army. Besides the period in the early 1920’s in which Kim Hong-il served for Korean National Independence Army in Siberia, most of his military career was in Chinese Army. He started his Chinese Army career in 1926 as a major (小校) in the Eastern Rout Corps (東路軍) General Headquarter of National Revolutionary Army; he, then in sequence, took the posts of the vice-commander of an independent defence regiment in Zhejiang Province, the chief of staff and manager of arsenal of Wusong (吳淞) Fortress in Shanghai, the adjutant general of Army Engineering School in Nanjing, a member of Munition Planning Committee of Chinese Military Committee, the senior staff of Southwestern Government (西南綏靖公署) in Guizhou (貴州), the chief of staff in the 102nd division, the chief of staff of the 19th corps headquarter, the commander of the 19th division under the 19th corps, the chief of staff in the 2nd Army in Guilin (桂林), and the chief of staff of the Korean Liberation Army. After Japanese Empire surrendered, he took the office of the senior staff of the Northeastern Security Headquarter (東北保安司令部) which recovered Manchu area. Kim Hong-il participated in Northern Expedition and Sino-Japanese War as a member of Chinese Army. In 1926, he joined into National Revolutionary Army in Shantou (汕頭) of Guangdong Province, and fought against Warlord Sun Chuanfang in Fujian (福建), Shanghai (上海), and Hangzhou (杭州). Especially, he defeated Sun Chuanfang’s troops in Longtan (龍潭) nearby Nanjing; for this he received a medal from Guomintang Government. Since Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937, he as a commanding officer fought several battles against Japanese army. Among them, the Battle of Wanjialing in October of 1938 and the Battle of Shanggao in March of 1941 represents the victories of Kim Hong-il as a commander. He participated in the Battle of Wanjialing as the chief of staff of the 102nd division, and in the Battle of Shanggao as the commanding general of the 19th division. He destroyed Japanese camp by firing mortars in Wanjialing; and he lured Japanese troops into a trap and besieged them in Shanggao. Especially, the Battle of Shanggao was one of China’s great notable victories in the history of Sino-Japanese War, and is known as ‘Shanggao Huizhan (上高會戰)’. Kim Hong-il’s activities should be highlighted as important examples of Chinese-Korean Anti-Japanese Alliance. During the first half of the 20th century, Korea and China shared a common fate fighting against the Japanese Empire, Korean and Chinese peoples allied together in various ways against Japanese army throughout Manchu and Chinese continent. One of the ways is that Koreans participated in Chinese Army in order to fight against the Japanese empire, like the case of Kim Hong-il. Thus, the historical cases in which Korean and Chinese peoples allied together against the Japanese empire should be discovered and researched.