대한민국임시정부의 국내 정보활동

韓詩俊(Han, See-jun) 한국근현대사학회 2000 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.15 No.-

‘건국 60년’ 담론을 어떻게 볼 것인가?

한시준(Han See-Jun) 참여연대 참여사회연구소 2008 시민과세계 Vol.- No.14

창립 30 주년 기념호 / 한국광복군의 활동과 역할

한시준(See Jun Han) 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2000 동양학 Vol.30 No.-

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조소앙(趙素昻)의 『소앙집(素昻集)』 간행과 역사관

한시준 ( See Jun Han ) 단국사학회 2011 史學志 Vol.42 No.-

Tjo So Ang(1887-1957) is famed to us as a patriotic activist and ideologue of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea and the Korean Independence Party. He not only had drafted the constitution and several declarations of the Provisional Government but also made ``Samgyunjuoui``(三均主義: the Principle of Three Equality) as an political ideology and goal of the Korean Provisional Government. In addition, acting for independence movement, Tjo So Ang had written many works including history, philosophy, and religion etc. The most famous one of them is Soangjip(素昻集). Soangjip is a collection of Tjo So Ang`s writings about 1930. It was published in September, 1932 in Shanghai. Soangjip is made of two parts. The one is his personal view on history titled ``the Status Quo of Korea and the Revolutionary Tendency``(韓國現狀及革命趨勢) in six chapters. The first, second, third chapters describe Korean politics, education, and economy under Japanese colonialism. The fourth chapter analyzes and criticizes the so-called social system including politics, economy, and education from Three Kingdoms through late Joseon Dynasty. The fifth chapter speaks on the characteristic, main body, method, ideology, and result of the five revolutionary movements from Daewon``gun``s sizure of power through March First Movement. The sixth chapter writes the outbreak and development of Gwangjoo Student Movement. And the other is compiled several declarations and statements released during the Korean Provisional Government and the Korean Independence Party. Soangjip cannot be called professional history book, but we can find Tjo So Ang`s historical consciousness in his writings. Especially, there is the people-oriented historical consciousness in ``the Historic Base of Korean Revolution``(韓國革命之歷史的基礎) and ``the System of Korean Revolutionary Movement``(韓國革命運動之體系). Because, analyzing many social systems in several historical materials, he had focused on the people`s unequal status in politics, economy, and education from Three Kingdoms through the present. And he had tried to analyze the revolutionary movements after Daewon`gun through March First Movement, and asserted that the main bodies of the movements had been changing from royal families and the intellectual class to the people, the youth, students, and the labour class. We can confirm that Tjo So Ang has an aspect of historian through Soangjip. Tjo So Ang had read many history books, and obtained his private, special view on history. His historical view was the people-oriented. If we study Tjo So Ang`s writings further, we would find out the new phase of Tjo So Ang which not found yet.

정정화의 생애와 독립운동

한시준 ( See Jun Han ) 단국사학회 2013 史學志 Vol.47 No.-

Jeong Jeong-hwa was a symbolic woman who was active in Korean Independence Movement in spite of difficult condition. She was born in a powerful family and married a man of a powerful family also. Her native family and the groom`s family were made titles of nobility by Japan. We have to know that there were few fought against Japan among people who were knighted by Japan in Korean Empire. Her father-in-law Kim Ga-jin and husband Kim Ui-han`s exil in Shanghai made her participate in Korean Independence Movement. Her father-in-law Kim Ga-jin and husband Kim Ui-han fled to Shanghai in October, 1919. This incident changed her life. She also decided by herself to go to Shanghai after agonizing for a while. Jeong Jeong-hwa acted as a secret agent of Korean Provisional Government. Korean Provisional Government in Shanghai organized systems connecting China and Korea, so called ``Yeontongjae``, ``gyotongkuk`` and dispatched secret agents into Korea. The secret agent was like an intelligence agent in nowadays. They executed tasks such as escape, propaganda, demonstrations, making secret organizations in secret. Jeong Jeong-hwa suggested fund raising to Korean Provisional Government and then was allowed it. Jeong Jeong-hwa accomplished the mission coming and going between Shanghai and Korea six times from 1920. Until now, We don`t know woman agent`s activity like Jeong. Therefore we could think Jeong Jeong-hwa as a sole woman secret agent. Jeong Jeong-hwa was an invisible but important supporter for Korean Provisional Government. Although Korean Provisional Government met several difficulties from establishment, it overcame all difficulties by many people`s help almost through 27 years. In this course, Jeong Jeong-hwa`s role was not tiny. Jeong Jeong-hwa was a householder keeping Korean Provisional Government and the men.

여성광복군과 그들의 활동

한시준 ( See Jun Han ) 단국사학회 2005 史學志 Vol.37 No.-

대한민국 임시정부와 삼균주의

한시준 ( See Jun Han ) 단국사학회 2014 史學志 Vol.49 No.-

The Three Equalitarianism(Samgyunjueui) was a political ideology advocated on the way of independence movement by Cho So-ang in about 1926. The basic ideology of it was “equality” and its prime goal was to realize equal life of everyone. To the goal, it has a logical frame that individual equality based on Politics, Economy, and Education become a base of international equality and it would make world a family. And as methods to realize equality, it regulated a popular election, guarantee of a basic human right, nationalization of real estates and mammoth production lines, and compulsory education. Korean Provisional Government received the Three Equalitarianism as the political ideology. While some members in Government formed Korea Independence Party in January, 1930, they made a party policy and manifesto based on Three Equalitarianism. And Korea Independence Party pronounced a orientation of new state to build based on Three Equalitarianism. “We will build a new democratic state based on equality of Politics, Economy, and Education” said they. Also Korean Provisional Government after Korea Independence Party prepared for the schedule to build a new state after liberation based on Three Equalitarianism in Manifesto of Korean Provisional Government pronounced at first in April, 1931. By this manifesto, Korean Provisional Government clarified the principles of building state based on Three Equalitarianism. And also the committee of state ministers pronounced Korean state-building rules on November 28th, 1941 as second manifesto after the first manifesto in 1931. The new state for Korean Provisional Government to build after independence was a new democratic state. The new democratic state meant a kind of socio-democratic state lot a few European states built, to realize utilitarianism. the utilitarianism for all nation meant the Three Equalitarianism. Eventually the new democratic state Korean Provisional Government to build after independence was a state based on Three Equalitarianism.

1948년 ‘건국론’의 불성립과 파급 영향

한시준 ( Han See-jun ) 단국사학회 2017 史學志 Vol.54 No.-

‘Founding the Republic of Korea in 1948’ theory is an assertion that the Republic of Korea was initially founded in 1948. Such an assertion was brought up in earnest as Lee Myung-bak administration was launching in 2008; and it aroused huge controversies. This is not an easy task. Most of all, the assertion that the Republic of Korea was founded in 1948 does not have any historical reference or logic. Moreover, if it is confirmed that the Republic of Korea was founded in 1948, burdens and harms which the government of the Republic of Korea and our descendants shall take are not so few. The ‘founding in 1948’ theory is not only historically unfactual but also legally and commonsensically irrational. In our history, the establishments of the Republic of Korea are twice: the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in 1919, and the Government of the Republic of Korea in 1948. When the first National Assembly framing the constitution established the Government of the Republic of Korea, never did the assembly claim that it founded the Republic of Korea. Rather, it inherited and rebuilt -succeeded, in other word-the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. The ‘founding in 1948’ theory is unconstitutional and not commonsensical. Both the original constitution of 1948 and the amended constitution of 1987 confirm that the Republic of Korea was founded in 1919. The assertion that the Republic of Korea was founded in 1948 is nothing but the denial of the constitution. It does not logically match with common sense. Korea University and Ewha Women’s University have used their names since August of 1946, their histories root on Bosung College founded in 1905 and on Ewha School founded in 1886. Although the names of the schools and the founders originated from different inceptions, it is not considered that they distort or stretch out their histories. Effects which the ‘founding in 1948’ theory may derive should be considered as well. Most of all, the theory is not only a denial of the legitimacy of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea and of the history of independence movement but also a reduction·distortion·cessation of our own history. Regarding the matter of ethnic legitimacy, the theory is a profiting-enemy action that benefits North Korea, and weakens our justifications and logics against Japan’s and China’s history distortion.

중경시기 대한민국임시정부의 위상과 역할

한시준(Han See-jun) 독립기념관 한국독립운동연구소 2009 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.0 No.33

임시정부가 중경에서 활동한 기간은 1940년 9월에서 1945년 11월 환국할 때까지였다. 중경시기는 5년이라는 짧은 기간이었지만, 임시정부 27년 활동기간 중 가장 활발한 독립운동을 전개하였다. 민족의 대표기구이자 독립운동 중심기구로서 위상을 되찾아 본연의 역할도 수행한 시기였다. 임시정부는 수립 초기에 성황을 이루었다. 하지만 이승만 대통령의 탄핵을 둘러싸고 세력이 분열되면서 침체상태에 빠졌다. 李奉昌 · 尹奉吉의사의 의거를 결행하면서 활기를 되찾았으나, 상해를 떠나 중국대륙 여러 곳으로 옮겨 다녀야 했다. 이 과정에서 임시정부를 폐지하자는 주장이 대두되기도 하였고, 정부의 조직을 유지 운영할 수 없는 정도로 무정부상태에 빠지기도 하였다. 이러한 난간을 극복한 시기는 중경에 도착한 이후였다. 중경에 정착하면서, 임시정부는 정부로서의 위상을 되찾았다. 민족주의 세력을 통일하고 한국독립당을 창당하여 세력기반을 확대하였고, 정부의 조직과 체제를 확대 정비한 것이 그 계기였다. 그리고 단일지도체제를 확립하여, 주석이 강력한 지도력을 행사할 수 있도록 하면서 정부의 위상이 크게 제고되었다. 중경시기에 임시정부가 거둔 가장 큰 성과는 중국관내 독립운동 세력을 임시정부로 결집시켰다는 점이다. 조선민족혁명당을 비롯한 좌익진영의 독립운동 세력이 모두 임시정부로 참여한 것이다. 좌익진영의 무장세력인 조선의용대가 광복군에 편입하였고, 정부도 좌우연합정부를 구성하였다. 이로써 임시정부는 민족의 대표기구이면서 독립운동 중심기구라는 위상을 확립하고, 그 역할을 수행할 수 있었다. 한국광복군을 창설하여 연합군과 공동작전을 전개하고, 국내진입작전을 시도한 것도 중경시기에 수행한 대표적 활동이었다. 한민족의 독자적인 힘만으로 일제를 패망시킬 수 없는 것이 객관적 상황이었다. 최선의 전략은 연합군과 함께 대일전쟁을 수행하여, 전후에 연합국의 지위를 획득하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 영국군과 인도 버어마전선에서, 그리고 미국의 OSS와 함께 국내진입작전을 추진한 것이 그러한 전략이었다. 중경시기의 임시정부는 그 존재나 역할에 대해 앞으로 더 깊은 연구가 필요하고, 그 위상을 크게 부각시킬 필요가 있다. 임시정부는 그 위상이나 역할에 비해 과소평가된 면이 없지 않다. 임시정부가 27년 동안 활동하면서 어려움도 있었고, 본연의 위상과 역할을 수행하며 활발하게 활동한 적도 있었다. 어려움을 겪었던 시기를 임시정부 전체로 이해하는 경향이 많다. 상해시기와 이동시기에 비해 5년이라는 짧은 기간이었지만, 중경시기는 임시정부가 민족의 대표기구이자 독립운동 중심기구로서의 역할을 수행한 시기이고, 임시정부 27년사에서 가장 빛나는 시기였다는 점을 이해할 필요가 있다.

대한민국 임시정부가 광주(廣州)에 머문 자료와 기록

한시준 ( Han See-jun ) 단국사학회 2017 史學志 Vol.55 No.-

The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea stayed in Guangzhou 3 months from July 20, 1937 till October 18 of the same year. There are two kinds of evidences and records of the Provisional Government staying in Guangzhou. The first kinds are materials produced by the Provisional Government and the second are memoirs written by personnels of the Provisional Government. The first are the Official Bulletin of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea(『大韓民國臨時政府公報』) and the Minutes of the 31st Provisional Assembly’s(「제31회 임시의정원 회의록」), and the second includes memoirs of Kim Gu(金九), of Jeong Cheonghwa(鄭靖 和), of Choi Seonhwa(崔善嬅), of Ji Bokyeong(池復榮), of Kim Shin (金信), and so on. The Provisional Government left Changsa of Hunan province on July 17, 1938, and arrived at Guangzhou on the 20th of July. Zhang Zhizhong(張治中), the Governor of Hunan Province, provided a big help for the migration. Zhang Zhizhong arranged a car of train, and wrote a letter of introduction to Wu Tiecheng(吳鐵城), the Governor of Guangdong Province. The Provisional Government, with Wu Tiecheng’s aids, got an office at Dongshanbaiyuan(東山柏園) in the downtown Guangzhou, and family members of the Provisional Government’s personnels stayed in Asia Inn. A hundred some joined this migration. As Guangzhou came under Japanese forces’ air strike, the Provisional Government moved to Foshan(佛山) on September 17. Members who moved to Foshan were personnels of the Provisional Government and of Korean National Party, but personnels of Korean Independence Party and of Joseon Revolutionary Party were still in the downtown Guangzhou. The Provisional Govenment arranged an office in Foshan, and the cabinet members stayed there for their office works. Japanese army invaded Foshan; so the Provisional Government had to flee again. On October 18, 1938, personnels of the Provisional Government and their family members who were staying in Foshan and Guangzhou took trains and gathered in Sanshui(三水). There they took a wooden boat and left for Liuzhou(柳州) of Guangxi Region. The term the Provisional Government stayed in Guangzhou for was 3 months. Recently, the Korean Consulate General in Guangzhou found Dongshanbaiyuan(東山柏園) which the Provisional Government used for its office building. Dongshanbaiyuan is a building that can represent the relationship between the Provisional Government and Guangzhou. It is necessary to find a way to restore the building.