金馬 觀光團地 開發計劃

한승훈 서울大學校 1989 국내석사

상생경영활동을 통한 중소기업의 품질개선 사례연구

한승훈 충북대학교 2008 국내석사

Many firms are looking for methods to survive in tough competition. There are many methods to hold a dominant position as quality improvement, new product development, strengthening marketing. But, a method of the most interest must be a inter-firms cooperation activity. It is increasing in interests and importance of the cooperation activities between large and small-medium enterprise in Korea. Although many results of such activities are announced, there are little detailed discussions and data about the quality improvement of small-medium business. Key words : Quality improvement; Small-medium enterprise; Cooperation Activities This study shows the process of quality improvement in the side of small-medium business and discusses its performances. So, the purpose of this study is to describe success factors and inter-firms cooperation activity by analyzing a case study.

조선후기 변란의 종교사 연구 : 추국 자료로 본 반란과 혁세 종교

한승훈 서울대학교 대학원 2019 국내박사

Some religious aspects in insurrections in late Chosŏn Korea have received much attention in historical and religious studies. Prophecies on a catastrophe of the world, emerging of messianic figures called chinin 眞人 and the advent of a new era ruled by Maitreya were typical examples. They have been regarded as evidence of immature class consciousness or early forms of modern new religious movements. This dissertation attempts to suggest an alternative view on this theme from a perspective of history of religion, Religious phenomena in human behavior are practices which try to maintain or change the condition of individual or social structure. In the political field, the orientation of religious practice has two major forms, regime-supporting arnd world-subverting. The world-subverting structure or worldview is typically constituted of cultural materials appropriated from other domains of religious culture, and manifested in events of resistance and rebellion. The primary sources of this study are inquisition records in the 17th-19th centuries, which contain indictments of insurrections and suspects’ testimonies. Little attention has been given to most of these data, because they have been considered to include too much untrue statements to get through Quellenkritic. However, even though testimonies describe not complete fact, they should be meaningful evidence of agents’ imagination on subverting of the present regime or world itself. The analysis on the religious structure in insurrection includes three interrelated topics: 1) prophecy and prophetic books; 2) heroic myths; 3) practice of magic and ritual. The prophetic literatures which were represented by Chŏnggamnok 鄭鑑錄 were frequently mentioned in the insurrection situation in this period. Its original forms are identified in elite political discourse in late Koryŏ and early Chosŏn. Though their general use by people was the exploration of safe places when war or disaster occur, the rebels exploited this widespread belief to gather followers and to authorize their attempts of revolts. chinin, a prevalent name for messianic heroes of rebellions, was initially devoted to founders or re-founders of dynasties in East Asian political context. Its mythic structure basically follows a regular process of typical heroic myth. However, the phase of ‘hero’s return’ is suspended until the day of uprising. Its effect in insurrections was an assurance for success and, at the same time, justification of failure which caused by the absence of chinin. Insurrections in late Chosŏn were ordinarily led or supported by magicians who were specialized in divination, geomancy, geomancy, etc. They predicted with them the victory or defeat of rebellion, the location of chinin or new capital, or the exact time of catastrophe when prophetic books promised. Moreover, rebels practiced rites for the success of rebellions, or ritualized the process of insurrection itself. From these consideration, we conclude that the dominant worldview which participants of insurrections imagined was Millenium type, which includes the refusal of the present regime and the prediction of its collapse, rather than Utopia type, which implies foundation of ideal order or political system. At this point, premodern rebellions differed from attempts of elite reformers or modern revolutionists. 조선후기의 변란에서 나타나는 몇몇 종교적 측면들은 역사 및 종교 연구에서 많은 관심을 받아왔다. 세계의 멸망, 진인(眞人)이라 불리는 메시아적 인물의 등장, 그리고 미륵에 의해 다스려지는 새로운 시대의 도래 등에 대한 예언은 그 전형적인 예다. 이들은 미숙한 계급의식의 등장 또는 근대 신종교 운동의 초기 형태로서 다루어져 왔다. 이 논문은 이 주제에 대해 종교사적 관점에서의 대안적 시각을 제시하고자 하는 시도이다. 인간 행위에서의 종교현상은 개인이나 사회체제의 현 상태를 유지하거나 변화시키고자 하는 실천이다. 정치적 장에서, 종교적 실천의 지향은 크게 호국(護國)과 혁세(革世)의 두 가지 형태를 가진다. 혁세적 구조 혹은 세계관은 종교문화의 다른 영역으로부터 전유된 문화적 재료들로 구성되며, 저항과 반란의 사건에서 표현된다. 이 연구의 1차적인 자료는 고변서(告變書)와 관련자들의 진술을 포함하고 있는 17-19세기의 추국(推鞫) 기록들이다. 이들 자료 가운데 대부분은 사료비판을 통과하기에는 너무나 많은 허위진술을 포함하고 있어 많은 주목을 받지는 못했다. 그러나 완전한 사실을 묘사하고 있지 않은 진술이라도, 이 기록들은 현 체제 혹은 세계 그 자체의 전복에 대한 행위자의 상상력을 보여주는 의미심장한 증거가 될 수 있다. 변란의 종교적 구조에 대한 분석은 상호 관련된 세 가지 주제인 1) 예언과 예언서, 2) 영웅 신화, 3) 주술과 의례의 실천을 통해 이루어졌다. 이 시기의 변란 상황에서 『정감록(鄭鑑錄)』으로 대표되는 예언 문헌들은 빈번하게 언급되었다. 그 초기 형태는 여말선초의 엘리트 정치 담론에서부터 발견된다. 그 일반적인 이용 방법은 전쟁이나 재난이 일어났을 때 안전한 장소를 탐색하는 것이었으나, 변란 참여자들은 이 널리 퍼진 믿음을 동조자들을 모으고 반란 시도를 정당화하는 데 활용하였다. 반란의 메시아적 영웅을 가리키는 대표적인 이름인 진인은 동아시아의 정치적 맥락에서 본래 왕조의 개창자나 중창자(重創者)를 의미했다. 그 신화적 구조는 기본적으로 전형적인 영웅 신화의 일반적인 과정을 따른다. 그러나 ‘영웅의 귀환’ 단계는 봉기의 날까지 연기되었다. 이런 담론의 효과는 반란의 성공을 보증하는 동시에 실패를 진인의 부재 탓으로 돌려 정당화하는 것이었다. 조선후기의 변란은 일반적으로 점복, 풍수 등에 능한 술사(術士)들이 주도하거나 참여하였다. 술사들은 술수를 통해 반란의 성패, 진인이나 새로운 왕도의 위치, 예언서가 말하는 멸망의 정확한 시기를 예견하였다. 나아가 변란 참여자들은 반란의 성공을 위한 의례들을 수행하거나, 변란 과정 자체를 의례화하기도 하였다. 이런 고찰을 통해, 우리는 변란 참여자들이 상상한 지배적인 세계관이 이상적인 질서나 정치체제의 설립을 포함하는 유토피아 유형이라기보다는 현 체제에 대한 거부와 그 멸망에 대한 예견을 포함하는 밀레니움 유형이었다는 결론에 이르렀다. 바로 이 점에서 전근대의 반란은 엘리트 개혁자들이나 근대 혁명가들의 시도와는 달랐다.

收用類似侵害와 收用的侵害의 法理에 관한 硏究

한승훈 朝鮮大學校 大學院 1991 국내석사

In dieser Abhandlung geht es darum, wie "der Grundsatz des enteignungsgleichen und enteignenden Eigriffs", der zur Staatshaftung geho¨rt, auf das Koreanische Rechtsinstitut angewandt werden kann. Der enteignungsglieiche und enteignende Eingriff, der sich in Deutschland gebildet und entwickelt hat, ist ein Grundsatz, die das Haftungsdefizit, das es im deutschen Rechtsinstitut gibt, erga¨nzt. Deutschland und Korea haben a¨hnliches Rechtsinstitut im Staatshaftungssystem. Folglich ist das Defizit beider La¨nder im Rechtsinstitut a¨hnlich. Das Defizit im U¨berblick ; Die Staatshaftung besteht aus dem Schadensersatz, der Amtspflichtsverletzung ersetzt und der Enteignungsentscha¨digung, die Enteignungsverletzung ersetzt, Der erstere ersetzt den rechtswidrigen-schuldhaftigen Eingriff, der letztere den rechtsma¨ßigen-schuldlosigen Eingnff. Es handelt sich also hierbei darum, wie der rechtswidrige-schuldlosige Eingriff ersetzt werden muß. Unsere Verfassung bestimmt, bei der Enteignung soll gema¨ß des Gesetzes entscha¨digt werden. Aber die Entscha¨digungsklausel ist in unserem Gesetz oft nicht verankert. Falls der Administration gema¨ß dieses Gesetzes den Verwaltungsakt macht, wird die Enteignung nicht entscha¨digt. Das ist das typische Beispiel von der rechtswidrigen-schuldiosigen Enteignung. Seit alters hat der deutsche Gerichtshof versucht, die entsprechende Begru¨ndung fu¨r die Entscha¨digung zu besta¨tigen Der BGR entschied, die Entscha¨digung der Enteignung ohne Entscha¨digungsklausel anzuerkennen, und bezeichnete diese Enteignung als "den enteignungsgleichen Eingriff." Spa¨ter nannte der BGR die atypische-ungewollte Nebensfolge im Administrativenteignung "den Enteignenden Eingnff", und entscha¨digte auch ihn. Seither spielt das Gesetz "der Enteignungsgleiche und enteignende Eingriff' bei der Enteig-nung des Vermo¨gensrechts der Bu¨rger ohne Ensscha¨digungsklausel, der vom Verwaltungsakt verursacht wird, eine wkhtige Rolle. Diese Abhandlung behandelt die Mo¨glichkeit, daß dieser Grundsatz auch unseres staatshaftungssystem angewandt werden kann. Sie beabsichtigt, den Inhalt des Grundsatzes vorzustellen und dabei stellt die Theorie auf, die auf die unseres Rechtsinstitut angewandt werden kann. Sie besteht aus fu¨nf Kapiteln : I. Einfu¨hrung II. Das Staatshaftungssystem in Deutschland und in Korea III. Der Begnff vom enteignungsgleichen und enteignenden Eingriff lV. Die uberpri;fung der Einfiihrung des Gurndsatzes v. Schluß. Vor allem behandelt das vierte Kapitel diese : 1. Koreanische Verfassung § 23 ③ und hkmfttreten des Gesetzes ohne Entsha¨digungsklausel. 2. Die Beziehungen zwischen der Rechtswidrichkeit und dem Sonderopfer in diesem Grundsatz. 3. Die Anerkennungsbegru¨ndung der Entscha¨digung. 4. Die Beziehungen zum Amtshaftungsanspruch. 5. Die Beziehungen zur Gefa¨hrdungshaftung im o¨ffentlichen Recht. Zum Schluß hoffe ich, daß der enteignungsgleiche und enteignende Eingnff bei uns in Korea aufgenommen wird, das Defizit des Gesetzes erga¨nzt und bei der Gewa¨hrleistung des Vermo¨gensrechts der Bu¨rger eine wichtige Rolle spielen Kann.

福祉行政上 法律關係에 관한 硏究

한승훈 朝鮮大學校 大學院 2002 국내박사

In view of the trend of the social state or welfare state which has been rising up as the most important issue of the modem society, social welfare or social security come to be central national assignments The welfare administration whose purpose is the realization of the social security used to be treated as once " administration for the relief", "assistance administration for the poor" or "social administration", but it is called "benefit administration" of the actions of the public agency. In stead of the simple minor purpose of keeping order, it leads to the limited intervention of private life to secure the national survival and realize the social rights, and goes on as a new administrational action called the consideration of the national life. Social welfare or social security is the independent and unified system which should be made in its own principle, not subordinate to the general administration action. It means that the concept itself has been settling as a general system concerned with the laws such as the labor relations law, the economic relations law, the taxation relations law, the police administrative law, the planning relations law, the local autonomy relations law Therefore, the terms of social welfare and social security have the attributes of variety and mobility in the concepts, which are used by scholars Qfferently and even make confusion This Qssertation says that the welfare administration is the benefit administration of the central government, the local government, and the public agency which should secure the minimum life standard for the nation's dignity as humans, and present the social insurance, the public aid, the social compensation, and welfare service and the like to improve maintain and improve the nation's life standard by protecting the nation from social dangers. The reasons of this definition are following. 1 the characteristic of the security of survival right, 2. the purpose of protecting society, 3. the public characteristic of subjects, 4. the specific characteristic of objects, 5. the direct characteristic of aid. The range of welfare administration with the above factors includes social insurance, public aid, social compensation and the welfare service These compose "benefit administration" along with "assistance administration", and "presentation administration", and so these are different in themselves from the general administrative law depending on intervention of life Therefore, these actions should not be controlled by the legal principles on the general administrative law Welfare administration originated from the political consideration which means solidifying the national economy and removing the social discord through playing active roles for the state who are in social danger, resulted from the failure of capitalism market since the Industry Revolution. But the right to receive social security in the welfare administration today in getting firm fundamental human rights of the state In the field of public law, E. Forsthoff of Germany set forth the concept of "Daseinsvorsorge" along with the traditional concepts of intervention, order, interference Regarding this situation, the change of the system of the administrative action is pursued and developed and ended up with "benefit administration" Today the right to receive the social security may be a concrete human right of the people supported by Constitution, not just a simple aid from a governor or a reflective profit of the governmental policies. This constitutional right to receive social welfare is realized by the administrative law, and must be so. As a result, the legal relations about the social welfare should be recognized as the public law. Consequently the right to receive social welfare is the individual public right. In the area of social insurance which has strong judicial characters, it forms public legal relations in view of the action subjects of social insurance, the reason of the formation of legal relations, the contents of insurance contract, the compulsory execution of the insurance fee This welfare administration frequently has the decision of the standard of pay, the qualification to receive welfare carried out by the legislation, resulting in discretionary characteristic. It is done for the very mobile objects, and should be done closely to the needed man's individual situations, producing provincial character. The international trend of the social welfare system makes the standard and the method and the object of the public help literally international. All above are very notable. As the welfare administration has different characteristics from the previdus, the right of request may revive in the birth and death of it continuously for a long time, but the legal relations have succession of the legal relations, and it can not help the variety according to the social dangers, causing the variety of the legal means. In addition, the litigation type is not equal to the traditional formed by the intervention administration, but "the litigation for the administrative enforcement(mandamus)", and "the litigation for the parties concerned" are more appropriate. Besides central government and local government, civil organizations as well show up as main subject by the trust and commission. Local governments of autonomy are naturally the subject of welfare administration, and in speculation of law they are not missed, that is welfare administration is based on the regional characteristic. In trusting civil organizations, the aid and cost are considered, controlled and supervised strictly to the running and finance of the organization. Many kinds of the welfare rights are concretely stipulated in the provisions of welfare administration laws. All the people have the rights, but real beneficiaries are set by the clauses of the statute. These legal relations are formed by the statute and also by the application of the parties Concerned followed by the investigation and confirmation. But the foundation of the standard of the public help and the qualification is done generally by the rulemakings of administration authorities, but the control of this discretionary rulemaking of administration authorities is important for the protection of previous individual welfare rights. The legal relations of welfare administration are discovered to be formed by the specific stipulations of statutes, and by administrative action. They are generally made up of not only legal administrative actions which are mostly order and formative action, but also confirmational actions that are quasi-administrative actions. In the formation of pay relations for applying payment based on previous welfare administrative relations, there is not necessarily any legal type which has been set up. The legal relations of welfare administration may be according to the unilaterally formed administrative measure from the application of the parties concerned, and when a certain legal fact meets a legal requirement, and founds a legal relation of payment, and creates the original application after waiting for the approvemental adjudication and the conclusion of the administrative agencies. Besides, without these actions, one can take some measures to create an application by legislational policy. The welfare administrative legal relations have primary and urgent problems in the above contents. First, in the relations, the standard , objects, requirements and process of all the payment are too dependent on the discretionary administrative legislation. Second, the beneficiaries' participation rights do not agree with the many principles of the protection of the welfare administrative procedure. Third, the insufficiency of the ju야cal relief system, the imperfection of the protection of lawsuit performance for the relief of welfare rights and the defectiveness of the system of welfare service deliverance Regarding the above problems, thus dissertation says the following for offering the countermeasures. Chapter 1 : preface - the description of the purpose and methods of research Chapter 2 : the outline of the legal relations of the welfare administration - the research on the meanings of the welfare administration and the ordinary principles and structure Chapter 3 : the formation of the legal relations of the welfare administration - the research of the legal relations according to the foundation, change, and extinction of the legal relations of administrative law Chapter 4 : the contents of the legal relations - the research on the core right and duty of the relations Chapter 5 : the problems and Countermeasures of the legal relations - the understanding of the many problems of the protection and relief of the rights of the welfare administrative legal relations and offering the measures Chapter 6 : conclusion - the arrangement of the problems and countermeasures shown in the legal relations Chapter 5 offers the measures to the above problems. First, it thinks much of the control of Congress as the control of the process of administrative legislation, and argued the normative method of control of the administrative order as a measure to the decision of payment by the legislative discretion of administrative authorities Second, it argues the fairness of the introduction of the hearing procedure to the unprofitable change of payment which is a problem in protecting the procedure of the welfare administration. And for the measure to the problems of the relief of rights, it suggests that the rights to receive welfare should be stipulated explicitly in the law, and we should authorize the litigation of performance of the welfare administration, and it offers the supplement of the personnel in charge of welfare, and the operation of the ju야cal relief system in the social security Main words the welfare administration, the law of the welfare administration, the administration of the social security, the rights to receive the social welfare needs, the rights to receive the social security, the legal relations of the welfare administration, the relations of the welfare administrative law, the relations of the social security administrative law.

고흥지역 김 양식어장의 환경 및 영양염 변화 양상

한승훈 전남대학교대학원 2022 국내석사

본 연구는 고흥지역 내 김 양식어장의 수질환경과 김 엽체 성장에 유용한 영양염의 변화를 파악하기 위하여 2020년 9월부터 2021년 3월까지 매주 조사하였다. 고흥지역 내 일별 평균 기온은 –8.9~26.3℃이며, 월별 평균 기온은 2021년 1월 1.4℃에서 2020년 9월 20.7℃였다. 월별 평균 강수량은 0.3 ㎜에서 8.5 ㎜였다. 김 양식어장의 수온은 5.6~23.5℃였으며, 계도는 6.5~23.5℃, 구암은 6.4~23.4℃, 발포는 5.6~23.4℃, 시산내측은 6.0~23.4℃, 시산외측은 7.5~23.5℃로 각각 조사되었다. 조사기간 동안 평균 수온은 발포가 12.8℃로 가장 낮았고, 시산외측이 13.5℃로 가장 높았다. 염분농도는 28.0~33.8 psu였으며, 계도는 28.0~33.7 psu, 구암은 28.1~33.7 psu, 발포는 28.1~33.7 psu, 시산내측은 28.1~33.8 psu, 시산외측은 28.3~33.8 psu로 각각 조사되었다. 평균 염분농도는 31.6~31.7 psu로 5개의 지점 모두 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 조사해역의 암모늄염은 0.002~0.083 ㎎/L였으며, 계도는 0.015~0.083 ㎎/L, 구암은 0.006~0.061 ㎎/L, 발포는 0.004~0.054 ㎎/L, 시산내측은 0.002~0.051 ㎎/L, 시산외측은 0.002~0.062 ㎎/L로 각각 조사되었다. 조사기간 동안 암모늄염의 평균값은 발포, 시산내측, 시산외측이 0.016 ㎎/L으로 가장 낮았고 계도가 0.035 ㎎/L로 가장 높았다. 아질산염과 질산염은 0.006~0.174 ㎎/L였으며, 계도 0.051~0.174 ㎎/L, 구암 0.023~0.159 ㎎/L, 발포 0.007~0.093 ㎎/L, 시산내측 0.006~0.126 ㎎/L, 시산외측 0.006~0.112 ㎎/L로 각각 조사되었다. 조사기간 동안 아질산염과 질산염의 평균값은 발포가 0.059 ㎎/L로 가장 낮았고, 계도가 0.094 ㎎/L로 가장 높았다. 용존무기질소는 0.024~0.227 ㎎/L였으며, 계도가 0.083~0.227 ㎎/L, 구암 0.055~0.177 ㎎/L, 발포 0.024~0.107 ㎎/L, 시산내측 0.028~0.129 ㎎/L, 시산외측 0.031~0.126 ㎎/L로 각각 조사되었다. 조사기간 동안 용존무기질소의 평균값은 발포가 0.075 ㎎/L로 가장 낮았고, 계도가 0.129 ㎎/L로 가장 높았다. 조사해역의 용존무기인은 0.007~0.0036 ㎎/L였으며, 계도가 0.011~0.036 ㎎/L, 구암 0.010~0.035 ㎎/L, 발포 0.007~0.024 ㎎/L, 시산내측 0.009~0.030 ㎎/L, 시산외측 0.012~0.030 ㎎/L로 각각 조사되었다. 조사기간 동안 용존무기인의 평균값은 발포가 0.016 ㎎/L로 가장 낮았고, 계도가 0.020 ㎎/L로 가장 높았다. 고흥지역 김 양식어장의 2020년산 물김 생산량은 1줄(100 m)당 300~360 ㎏으로 조사되었으며, 발포는 다른 지점에 비해 가장 낮은 270~330 ㎏이 생산되었다. 그 외 발포를 제외한 지점들은 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. The study was conducted every week from September 2020 to March 2021 to understand the water quality environment of laver fish farms in Goheung area and changes in nutritional salts useful for laver follicle growth. The average daily temperature in the Goheung area was –8.9 to 26.3℃, and the average monthly temperature was 1.4℃ in January 2021 and 20.7℃ in September 2020. The average monthly precipitation was 0.3 ㎜ to 8.5 ㎜. The water temperature of the pyropia farms was 5.6 to 23.5℃, and the Gyedo was 6.5 to 23.5℃, the Guam was 6.4 to 23.4℃, the Balpo was 5.6 to 23.4℃, the Sisan inside was 6.0 to 23.4℃, and the Sisan outside was 7.5 to 23.5℃. During the irradiation period, the average water temperature was the lowest with Balpo at 12.8℃, and the Sisan outside mountain was the highest at 13.5℃. The salinity concentration was 28.0 to 33.8 psu, the Gyedo was 28.0 to 33.7 psu, the guam was 28.1 to 33.7 psu, the Balpo was 28.1 to 33.7 psu, the Sisan inside was 28.1 to 33.8 psu, the Sisan outside was 28.3 to 33.8 psu, respectively. The average salt concentration was 31.6 to 31.7 psu, and all five areas showed similar patterns. The ammonium salt in the irradiated sea was 0.002-0.083 ㎎/L, the Gyedo was 0.015-0.083 ㎎/L, the Guam was 0.006-0.061 ㎎/L, the Balpo was 0.004-0.054 ㎎/L, the Sisan inside was 0.002-0.051 ㎎/L, the Sisan outside was 0.002-0.062 ㎎/L, respectively. During the investigation period, the average value of ammonium salt was the lowest at 0.016 ㎎/L in Sisan inside and Sisan outside, and the Gyedo was the highest at 0.035 ㎎/L. Nitrite and nitrate were investigated was 0.006-0.174 ㎎/L, the Gyedo 0.051-0.174 ㎎/L, Guam was 0.023-0.159 ㎎/L, Balpo 0.007-0.093 ㎎/L, Sisan inside 0.006-0.126 ㎎/L, Sisan outside 0.006-0.112 ㎎/L, respectively. During the investigation period, the average value of nitrite and nitrate was the lowest at 0.059 ㎎/L in Balpo and the highest at 0.094 ㎎/L in Gyedo. DIN was 0.024-0.227 ㎎/L, the Gyedo was 0.083-0.227 ㎎/L, the Guam was 0.055-0.177 ㎎/L, the Balpo was 0.024-0.107 ㎎/L, the Sisan inside was 0.028-0.129 ㎎/L, the Sisan outside was 0.031-0.126 ㎎/L, respectively. During the investigation period, the average value of DIN was the lowest at 0.075 ㎎/L in Balpo and the highest at 0.129 ㎎/L in Gyedo. DIP in the irradiated sea was 0.007-0.0036 ㎎/L, the Gyedo was 0.011-0.036 ㎎/L, the Guam was 0.010-0.035 ㎎/L, the Balpo was 0.007-0.024 ㎎/L, the Sisan inside was 0.009-0.030 ㎎/L, the Sisan outside was 0.012-0.030 ㎎/L, respectively. During the investigation period, the average value of DIP was the lowest at 0.016 ㎎/L in Balpo and the highest at 0.020 ㎎/L in Gyedo. The 2020 production of dried seaweed at pyropia farms in Goheung was found to be 300-360 ㎏ per line(100 m), and 270-330 ㎏, the lowest Balpo production compared to other areas. In addition, there was no significant difference in areas except for Balpo.

Il1rap 유전자 적중 제거 마우스 모델 제작 및 조현병 연관 표현형 분석

한승훈 충북대학교 2024 국내석사

Schizophrenia is a hereditary psychiatric disorder. However the development mechanism of schizophrenia is still unclear. Recently, an interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) c.1324C>T (R442*) nonsense mutation has been identified in Chinese family patients with schizophrenia. Overexpression of this IL1RAP R442* mutation suppresses the neuronal cell growth and JNK phosphorylation and decreases NF-κB nuclear translocation in cultured cortical neurons, suggesting an association with neurodevelopment. Based on this previous cell report, I aimed to investigate whether Il1rap mutations can be associated with mental disorders such as schizophrenia in mice. I produced Il1rap mutant mouse models using the CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out system at a position adjacent to the IL1RAP c.1324C>T (R442*) mutation on the mouse genome locus (exon 9 knock-out). As a control, Il1rap mutant mice with knock-out of exon 1 (exon 1 knock-out) were also produced. Phenotypes associated with schizophrenia were investigated in these mice. A decreased willingness to explore and an increased level of anxiety were observed in Il1rap exon 1 knock-out mice but not in exon 9 knock-out mice. Furthermore, histopathological analyses of mouse brains were performed, but there was no recognizable difference. Decreases in the phosphorylation of JNK and NF-κB were confirmed in both types of knock-out mice. In particular, notable reductions in the phosphorylation of JNK and NF-κB were observed in Il1rap exon 1 knock-out mice. These results suggest that the absence of Il1rap induces significant impacts on the phosphorylation of JNK and NF-κB, potentially leading to mental disorders. 조현병은 유전성이 있다고 알려진 정신질환이다. 그러나 정확한 발병의 기전은 아직까지 불분명하다. 최근에 중국 가족 조현병 환자들에게서 IL1RAP (Interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein) c.1324C>T (R442*) 변이를 확인했으며, 세포 실험을 통해 R442* 변이의 과발현이 신경세포 성장과 JNK 인산화를 억제하고 NF-kB의 핵 이동을 감소시킨 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해, IL1RAP이 신경 발생에 연관이 있음을 보였다. 이를 바탕으로, 본 연구에서는 마우스에서 Il1rap 변이가 조현병과 같은 정신질환과 연관이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. Il1rap R442* 돌연변이가 위치하는 Il1rap Exon 9에서 유전자 적중 제거 모델을 제작하였고 Exon 1에서 유전자 적중 제거 모델을 함께 제작하여 비교 분석하였다. 조현병과 관련된 표현형 분석 결과, Il1rap exon 1 유전자 적중 제거된 마우스에서 탐험성이 떨어지고 불안성이 높은 모습을 확인하였다. 그에 반면, Il1rap exon 9 유전자 적중 제거된 마우스에서는 와일드 타입과 비교하여 별다른 차이가 확인되지 않았다. 이러한 표현형의 원인을 알아보기 위해 마우스 뇌 조직형태학적 구조를 살펴보았지만 정상마우스와 돌연변이 마우스들 간의 특별한 차이는 없었다. 마우스 뇌에서 Il1rap 하위 신호 경로 단백질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, 두 가지 유전자 적중 제거 마우스에서JNK와 NF-κB의 인산화가 감소된 것을 확인하였다. 특히, Il1rap exon 1 유전자 적중 제거된 마우스에서 JNK와 NF-κB 인산화가 상당히 감소된 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해, Il1rap이 발현되지 않으면 JNk와 NF-κB의 인산화에 큰 영향을 주어 마우스의 정신 장애를 초래하는 가능성을 시사한다.

기반시설내 퍼스널 모빌리티의 이용환경과 안전성 개선 방안

한승훈 경상국립대학교 융합과학기술대학원 2025 국내석사

PM(Personal Mobility) is recognized as an important alternative for the creation of smart cities and the connection of transportation systems, and the number of users has increased rapidly, centering on the younger generation, due to its advantages such as efficiency of use. The government is also revising 'the Traffic laws' and 'laws related to bicycles' use to reorganize the PM system, allowing PM to pass by bicycle paths, and supporting its use and safety. However, the number of PM-related traffic accidents and non-compliance with stability standards is increasing, and the rather negative image of using it only for a specific generation or region is emerging. As a result, the need for infrastructure and safety measures for users to use safely is also increasing. The 3rd new city aims to be a smart city and reflects the smart transportation system. In addition, in order to create a safe transportation environment for individuals and build a differentiated network, it is necessary to secure sufficient travel space for each transportation, operate pedestrian and bicycle paths, and apply them to land use plans, district unit plans, and design standards. Therefore, in this study, improvement measures were proposed through identification of standards and problem analysis for 10 infrastructures such as traffic roads, intersection crossings, entrance and exit connections, sidewalk jaw lowering, bus stops, three-dimensional intersection facilities, protected areas, parking facilities, pavement facilities, safety signs, and road markings. When planning and creating the 3rd new city in the future, it is hoped that PM will be used as a popular transportation system, away from some generations of transportation, and create a safe and convenient transportation environment in the city, comprehensively considering the network with various transportation systems and the movement efficiency of each land-use facility.

BaBi2Nb2O9 첨가에 따른 완화형 강유전체 Bi0.5(Na0.78K0.22)0.5TiO3의 에너지 저장 특성 연구

한승훈 전북대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내석사

This study is on the improvement of energy storage in BNKT-x wt% BBN composite ceramics. Before I fabricate BNKT-x wt% BBN, I have fabricated BBN ceramics at various calcination temperatures from 750 ℃ to 950 ℃. This process is to find the optimum calcination conditions of BBN. I found that the optimal calcination temperature of BBN ceramics was 750 ℃. They showed a high break down strength of 140.047 kV/cm due to their small grain size of 1.023 μm and high density of 6.840 g/cm3. We also fabricated BNKT-x wt% BBN composite ceramics. Microstructure analysis showed the grain size was decrease from 1.470 μm to 1.04 μm and existence of BaBi4Ti4O15 (BBT) after the addition of 10 wt% BNKT. BNKT-10 wt% BBN ceramics showed a low recoverable energy denisty (Wloss) of 0.506 J/cm3, and η of 58.1 %. These results suggest that the addition of BNKT on BBN enhanced breakdown strength and decrease Pr. That is because improved relaxation behavior and breakdown resistance due to decreased grain size and existence of BBT with high BDS.

조선후기 혁세적 민중종교운동 연구 : 17세기 용녀부인 사건에서의 미륵신앙과 무속

한승훈 서울대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

Today, the concept of ‘popular religion’ has two implications. One is its cultural level: the lower class religious culture differs from elite or/and official religion. It includes some popular practices wishing for good fortunes or/and escaping disasters. The other is its political level. It includes religious practices of ‘rebels’ like millenarian movement or messianism. But little attention has been given to the relation between these two. The purpose of this thesis is to understand the connection between revolutionary religious movements and the ordinary level of popular culture. This thesis analyzes ‘the Dragon Lady(龍女夫人) Affairs’ of Korea in 1688. A crowd includes some shamans, a monk, a geomancer, peasants, and some petty officials assembled in a small village north of capital city. They believed that “the age of seokga(Shakya)” would be over and it would give a way to “the age of mireuk(Maitreya)”. And they claimed that this world would become a new age, therefore ‘holy shamans’ would take possession of the country. In spite of they were armed with simple weapons, they did not take any military actions. Instead, only a few people entered the capital city because they believed that the capital city would be deluged by a great flood. The records of their trial includes some statements of religious experience with apocalyptic vision, myth of changing era from Shakya to Maitreya, catastrophic disasters, ritual for the end of the world and the change of dynasty. This thesis tries to reinterpret religious discourse and practices in the microhistoric approach and to understand its context in popular culture of the time. The discourses in this religious movement was expressed and disseminated in the form of statement of religious experience or prophecy. Yeo-hwan, one of the leaders argued that he met mireuk(Maitreya), Chilseong(the Great Dipper), immortals, etc. He said that they showed him the vision of the destruction of the country and gave him the ability of controlling the weather. His statement included Buddhist, Shamanistic, and taoist elements. But it was not only a syncretism but a product rearranged languages and images in imagined space with consistent symbolic system. It was also a assertion about the authority of periphery which transcend existing political power and its cultural center. And it reconstructed as a guidance for actual action in form of prophecy. The main content of prophecy was the emergence of maitreya who would occupy the world where shakya ruled. Its subtext was a shamanistic myth: in the beginning, the creator maitreya was usurped the world, and it was the origin of evil. Though in this case, this narrative transformed from the story which explains the origin of evil and wishes of restoration of ordered world to the story which predicts the collapse of world overturning the social status. It is an example that shows the way of formation of revolutionary maitreyism which influenced the social changes in late Joseon Korea. This kind of revolutionary worldview was performed more concretely by rituals. They gained followers with ordinary healing rituals of shaman or magician, and formed the core leader group named ‘holy shamans’ with the ritual to build an alter and to let descend god. Though they banished ‘house gods’ who had protected the safety of home instead of normal ‘evil ghosts,’ and called ‘holy god’ who were superior to gods worshiped by ordinary shamans. These rituals make metaphorical parallel with the myth the exhausting of Shakya and emergency of Maitreya. And also, the march to the capital city to occupy the loyal palace was planned with their symbolic context and modified dynamically in the change of situation. The discourse and practice of revolutionary popular religious movement is constructed with bricolage and appropriation of cultural materials in religious culture. Religious symbols, used to be utilized to maintaining the order of world and keeping off misfortunes, are now reconstructed to the way to deny the order and to let catastrophe happened in the world. 오늘날 민중종교 개념에는 크게 두 가지 함의가 있다. 하나는 문화적인 측면으로, 한 사회 내의 엘리트문화나 공식종교와는 다른 하층 계급의 종교문화에 주목하는 관점이다. 여기에는 민중이 일상생활 속에서 개인과 공동체에 복을 가져오고 재앙을 물리치려 하는 실천들이 포함된다. 다른 하나는 정치적 측면으로, 현 체제나 지배질서에 대해 상징적, 실제적으로 반기를 드는 천년왕국운동이나 메시아니즘과 같은 ‘반역자들’의 종교적 실천들이 포함된다. 그러나 이 두 가지 측면의 관계에 대해서는 충분히 고찰되지 않았다. 이 논문의 목적은 사례연구를 통해 조선후기의 혁세적(革世的) 종교운동이 민중문화의 일상적인 측면과 어떤 관계가 있으며, 그 신화적 담론과 의례적 실천은 어떤 의미를 가지고 있었는지를 밝히는 것이다. 이 논문의 주된 고찰 대상이 되는 자료는 1688년 조선에서 일어난 ‘용녀부인 사건’이다. 무당들과 승려, 풍수가, 그리고 농민과 하급관리들을 포함한 군중이 한양 북부의 작은 마을에 집결하였다. 그들은 “석가(釋迦)의 시대가 다하고 미륵(彌勒)의 시대가 올 것”이며, 그렇게 되면 이 세상 역시 다른 시대가 될 것이므로 ‘성인무당(聖人巫堂)’들이 나라를 차지할 것이라고 주장하였다. 그들은 검은 옷과 군복, 간단한 무기를 소지하고 있었지만 직접적인 무력 행동을 시도하지는 않았다. 대신 그들은 소수의 인원으로 경성(京城)에 진입했는데, 그것은 정해진 날에 큰 홍수가 일어나 왕궁과 도성이 파괴될 것이라는 믿음 때문이었다. 그들을 심문하고 처벌한 재판 기록에는 묵시적 비전을 담고 있는 종교경험, 석가와 미륵의 교대와 파국적 재난에 대한 신화들, 세계의 종말과 왕조의 교체를 맞이하기 위해 이루어진 의례 절차들이 포함되어 있다. 이 논문은 미시사적 접근을 통해 자료에 나타난 종교적 담론과 실천들을 재서술하고, 한국을 비롯한 동아시아의 다른 종교현상들과의 비교를 통해 그 민중문화적 맥락을 이해하려고 한다. 이 종교운동의 담론들은 종교경험에 대한 서술과 예언의 형태로 표명되고 유포되었다. 그 지도자 가운데 한 명이었던 승려 여환(呂還)은 자신이 미륵, 칠성(七星), 선인(仙人) 등과 만났다고 주장하였다. 그들은 국가의 종말에 대한 환상을 보여주었으며, 그에게 기후를 조정할 수 있는 능력을 부여하였다. 그의 진술 속에는 불교적, 무속적, 도교적 요소들이 모두 포함되어 있었다. 그러나 이것은 단순한 혼합이라기보다는 일관적 상징체계를 가지고 자신의 문화 속에 존재하는 언어와 이미지들을 상상된 공간 속에 재배치한 결과물이었다. 그것은 현존하는 정치권력과 그 문화적 중심을 초월하는 주변부의 권위에 대한 주장이기도 했다. 그것은 당대에 유행하던 도참(圖讖)의 형식을 통해 실질적 행동을 위한 지침으로 재구성되었다. 그 핵심적인 내용으로 제시된 것은 석가가 지배하는 현재의 세계를 차지할 미륵의 출현이었다. 그 서브텍스트는 태초의 창조신인 미륵의 세계를 석가가 훔쳤기 때문에 세상의 악이 시작되었다는 무속의 신화였다. 그러나 이 사건에서, 악의 기원을 설명하고 질서 잡힌 세상의 회복을 기원하는 이야기는 재배치를 통해 세상의 멸망과 신분질서의 역전을 예견하는 이야기로 변형되었다. 이것은 조선후기 사회 변동에 있어 중요한 역할을 했던 혁세적 미륵신앙이 구성되는 방식에 대한 실례이기도 하다. 또한 이런 혁세적 세계관은 의례를 통해 더욱 구체적인 형태로 실천되었다. 그들은 귀신을 쫓아내어 병을 고치고 재앙을 물리치는 무당과 술사들의 통상적인 수단을 통해 추종자를 모았다. 그리고 신당(神堂)을 차려 신을 맞이하는 방법을 통해 ‘성인’이라는 핵심적인 지도자 집단을 구성하였다. 그러나 그들이 추방한 것은 일반적인 ‘악신(惡神)’이 아니라 집안을 수호하는 ‘가신(家神)’들이었고, 그들이 맞이한 ‘성신(聖神)’은 기존에 무당들이 모시는 신들보다 우월한 권위와 힘을 가지는 존재였다. 이것은 석가의 다함과 미륵의 출현이라는 신화와 은유적인 병렬을 이룬다. 그리고 왕궁을 차지하기 위해 이루어진 상경은 그들의 상징적 맥락에 따라 기획되었고, 상황에 따라 역동적으로 수정되었다. 혁세적 민중종교운동의 언어와 실천은 기존의 종교문화 속에 존재하는 문화적 재료에 대한 브리콜라주(bricolage)와 전유를 통해 구성된다. 이를 통해 현 세계의 질서를 유지하고 재앙을 피하기 위해 동원되던 종교적 상징들은 그 질서를 부정하고 파국적인 재앙을 세계 속으로 적극적으로 도입하는 방향으로 재구성된다.