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주변에서 중심의 형식을 성찰하다: 호베르뚜 슈바르스의 소설론
한기욱 영미문학연구회 2015 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.39
This paper purports to clarify the significance of Roberto Schwarz’ critical essays on the objective forms of society and literature, particularly on the form of novel. Through his meticulous study of Brazilian literature Schwarz has highlighted the great achievement of Machado de Assis. What is remarkable about his essays lies in his bold dialectic thought, which makes it possible to break through the ramparts of the Euro-centric liberal ideas and literary theory holding hegemonic power in the global literary world. This paper argues, by extension, that Schwarz has performed the task of overcoming Euro-centrism and colonialism more substantially than such prominent scholars as Pascal Casanova, Franco Moretti or Fredric Jameson among others. His concept of “misplaced ideas” deserves a special attention since it underlies most of his discourses on Brazilian society and literature. The liberal ideas of European bourgeoisie transported into Brazil in the form of novel did not match the local reality, which still held the institution of the slavery. Schwarz calls such ideas at the periphery as “misplaced ideas,” thereby subverting the ideology of universalism, which presupposes the European liberal ideas are true all across the world. The literary forms are also revealed through his analysis of dialectic materialism not to mean the same in the core and at the periphery of the world. Schwarz examines thoroughly, using such resources as ‘contradictory’ Marxist traditions and the literary legacy of his mentor Antonio Candido, how Machado de Assis has transformed the form of novel to accommodate Brazilian social reality while responding to the contemporary scene of the European society in significant ways.
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