진주 지역사회운동 진원지의 장소성과 그 변천 - 근현대(조선말기~현대)시기를 중심으로 -

하혜경,김한배 대한국토·도시계획학회 2019 국토계획 Vol.54 No.1

본 연구는 진주지역의 지역성을 탐구하기 위한 초석으로, 근세 진주의 지역사회운동이 발생한 진원지가 당대에는 어떤 모습으로 역할을 하였는지, 현대 도시공간에서 어떤 의미를가지고 있는지라는 문제의식에서 출발하였다. 장소연구로 확대하여 장소성을 읽고자 하였다. 그간 소홀히 다루어졌던 지역사회운동 각 진원지들의 과거의 원형과 현재의 변화상, 그에 대한 지역 주민의 의식을 밝히고자 한다. 한 도시의 지역성을 사회운동진원지의 장소성만으로 설명하기는 부족하겠으나, 이러한 연구의 결과는 진주의 지역성의 한 측면을 보여줌과 동시에 그 잠재력과 한계를 드러내 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

Anti-inflammatory Effects in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 Cells and the Influences on Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Activities by the Traditional Herbal Formulas, Yongdamsagan-Tang and Paljung-san

하혜경,진성은,서창섭,신현규 대한한의학회 2021 대한한의학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: Yongdamsagan-tang (YST) and Paljung-san (PJS) in traditional medicine and finasteride in modern medicine are used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In recent, the use of combination herbal remedies with conventional drugs has been increasing. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of these drugs to treat BPH and the influence of herbal formulas on finasteride metabolism. Methods: The inhibitory effects of the herbal formulas and finasteride on the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines were determined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, the influence of herbal formulas on activities of human drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) was assessed using human microsomal enzymes. Results: We observed that YST, PJS and finasteride inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of YST on PGE2 production was calculated to be below 25 μg/mL. YST inhibited the activity of uridine diphosphate- glucuronosyltransterase (UGT) 1A4 with an IC50 value of 49.35 μg/mL. The activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and UGT1A1 were inhibited by PJS (IC50 < 100 μg/mL, each). Although PJS and YST inhibited the activities of CYP3A4 and UGT1A4, respectively, these formulas may not influence the metabolism of finasteride because the IC50 values of herbal formulas on DMEs are too high to affect metabolism. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the combination of finasteride and YST or PJS might not influence their drug metabolism and that the drugs may have synergistic effects against BPH.

평위산 전탕액의 보관 온도 및 기간에 따른 항염증 효능 비교

하혜경,신인식,임혜선,전우영,김정훈,서창섭,신현규,Ha, Hyekyung,Shin, In-Sik,Lim, Hye-Sun,Jeon, Woo-Young,Kim, Jung-Hoon,Seo, Chang-Seob,Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo 대한한의학방제학회 2012 대한한의학 방제학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives : To provide the information of preservation method for herbal decoction, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects according to preservation temperature and period of Pyungwi-san (PWS, Ping wei-san) decoction. Methods : The anti-inflammatory activity of PWS was investigated by carrageenin-induced paw edema in SD rats. At 0 month, PWS extract was administrated 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day orally for seven days prior to induction of edema. Edema was induced by subcutaneous injection of 1% carrageenin into the right hind paw. The paw volume was measured at 4 hr following carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. At 6 and 12 months, PWS extracts according to preservation temperatures (room temperature, $4^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$) were administrated in rats and then carrageenin-induced paw edema volume was measured. Results : PWS showed inhibitory effect on carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats and the optimal dose was 1000 mg/kg/day at 0 month of storage. At 6 month of storage, PWS storaged at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$ were inhibited paw edema but that storaged at room temperature was not reduced paw edema in rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that PWS decoction pouch has anti-inflammatory activities at both $4^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$ during 6 month storage.

가축식별시스템 계획 및 실행지침

하혜경,Ha, Hye-Gyeong 대한수의사회 2007 대한수의사회지 Vol.43 No.7

양격산화탕과 태음조위탕 추출물의 in vitro CYP450 효소 활성 억제 효과

하혜경,진성은,신현규,Ha, Hye-Kyung,Jin, Seong-Eun,Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo 대한예방한의학회 2012 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Objective : Herb-drug interactions have become an important issue because of the consumption of herbal remedies has increased in the world. Yangguksanhaw-tang (Liang ge san huo-tang) and Taeumjowi-tang (Tai yin tiao wei-tang) are typical herbal formulas on Sasang constitution medicine (four-constitution medicine). This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of Yangguksanhaw-tang and Taeumjowi-tang on drug metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes. Methods : Vivid$^{(R)}$ CYP450 Screening Kits were used to measure of CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 activities. This method is based on the use of fluorescent CYP450 substrates that are efficiently metabolized by specific CYP450 isozymes to yield a product with altered fluorescent properties. The percent inhibitions of CYP450s by herbal formulas were calculated. Results : Yangguksanhaw-tang inhibited CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 activities higher than that other CYP450 isozymes. The $IC_{50}$ values of CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 were 159.83 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 261.40 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The CYP2E1 activity was inhibited ($IC_{50}=215.17{\mu}g/mL$) higher than that other CYP450 isozymes by Taeumjowi-tang. Conclusions : These results suggest that Yangguksanhaw-tang may inhibit the metabolism of co-administered drugs whose primary route of metabolism is via CYP2C19 or CYP2E1. Taeumjowi-tang could inhibit the metabolism of co-administered drugs, which are substrates for CYP2E1. Therefore, co-administration of the herbal formulas and other conventional drugs should be undertaken with care.

부신적출 토끼신의 Li^(+)처리에 미치는 코티존의 영향

하혜경,장환일,성호경,한홍우 경희대학교 1989 慶熙醫學 Vol.5 No.3

항공사 전략적 제휴 진화에 관한 문헌 연구

하혜경,김지희 한국항공경영학회 2020 한국항공경영학회지 Vol.18 No.3

After deregulation, airlines formulate strategic alliances to acquire competitive advantage in the market. Such strategic alliances have evolved form from dyadic code-sharing to global alliances and strategic merger and acquisition (M&A) among airlines. However, as a way to increase the efficiency of cooperation and strategic flexibility, strategic alliance among airlines has also developed the form of joint-venture that incorporates all operation routines in individual route. This study reviews and critiques research on strategic alliances among airlines. We reviewed 56 academic papers published from 2000 to 2017 including codesharing, global alliances, airline M&A, and airline joint venture as a key word. We categorized the reviewed academic papers by two criteria: the forms of strategic alliance and main themes of strategic alliance. In terms of the forms of strategic alliance, 26% of the reviewed papers discuss code-sharing, 48% for global alliances, 13% for airline M&A and 13% for joint venture subsequently. In terms of main theme, 21% of the reviewed paper examine regulation policies, 32% for the performances of airlines and alliances, 10% for air-fare, and 29% for the strategies of airlines. Based on the literature review, this study summarizes three things: first, out of 15 reviewed papers related to code-sharing, 11 papers (74%) are related to the performance and output of airlines or air-fare. Second, out of 27 papers related to global alliances, relatively small number of papers (11%) are related to air fare while 30%, 26% and 22% are related to the performance and output of strategic alliance, competitive strategy, and regulation policies subsequently. Third, 7 papers discuss M&A of airlines, out of which 3 papers examine the performances of airlines and alliances and other 3 papers discuss the strategies of airlines. Lastly, among 7 papers related to joint venture among airlines, most papers (4 out of 7) investigate the effect of regulation policies. it is caused by the fact that joint ventures are heavily determined by the government regulation policies. Comparing the research method, quantitative research methods are mostly adopted in the study of code-sharing and global alliances, while qualitative research methods are usually adopted in the study of M&A and joint venture. The lack of studies on joint venture among airlines is caused by the tendency that academic research is often investigated after the real phenomenon has been evolved. As a hybrid strategy between conventional strategic alliance and M&A, joint venture is rising as an attractive option among airlines. That is, joint venture compromises the disadvantages of conventional strategic alliances and M&A while conventional strategic alliance is arms-length contract, M&A disrupts the boundary of organization. Accordingly, more academic research is expected as the joint venture among airlines evolves in business. 항공산업 규제 완화 이후 항공사들은 경쟁우위를 확보하기 위해 지속적으로 전략적 제휴를 진행하고 있다. 항공사의 전략적 제휴는 양자 간 좌석공유(code share)에서 글로벌 동맹체(global alliance)로발전하였으며 전략적 인수합병도 부분적으로 이루어졌다. 그러나 협력의 효과성은 높이면서 전략적유연성을 확보하는 새로운 방식으로 개별 노선 내에서 모든 운영을 통합하는 조인트벤처가 등장하고있다. 본 연구에서는 항공사의 전략적 제휴 진화 과정에 대한 학술적 연구 흐름을 문헌고찰 방식으로정리하였다. 이를 위해 2000년부터 2017년까지 code share, airline alliance, airline M&A, airline joint venture를 주제어로 항공산업과 관련된 주요 해외 학술지 논문들을 구글 스칼라로 탐색하였다. 본 연구의 대상이 된 논문은 총 56편이다. 이를 전략 유형으로 구분하면, 좌석공유(26%), 글로벌 동맹체(48%), 인수합병(13%), 조인트벤처(13%)의 분포였고, 주제별로 구분하면 규제정책(21%), 항공사 및 제휴사의성과(32%), 항공사 운임(10%), 항공사 전략(29%)이었다. 첫째, 좌석 공유 분야의 15편 논문은 ‘항공사성과’와 ‘항공사 운임’을 주제로 연구로 한 연구가 11편(74%)으로 다수를 차지했다. 둘째, 글로벌 동맹체 관련 27편의 논문은 항공사 및 제휴 성과 8편(30%), 항공사 전략 7편(26%), 규제정책이 6편(22%)으로 다수를 차지했고, 항공사 운임은 3편(11%)으로 상대적으로 부족했다. 셋째, 인수합병과 관련된 논문은 7편으로 상대적으로 적었는데, 항공사 성과 3편, 항공사 전략 3편이었다. 마지막으로 조인트벤처에 관한 연구는 7편인데, 규제정책 관련 논문이 4편으로 가장 많았다. 이는 조인트벤처 자체가 정부의규제가 적용되면 성립하기 어렵기 때문이다. 연구방법론으로 비교해 보면, 좌석공유와 글로벌 동맹체관련 연구는 주로 실증연구를 중심으로 이루어졌고, 인수합병이나 조인트벤처 연구는 사례연구의 비중이 높았다. 항공사 전략적 제휴 진화의 가장 마지막 단계인 조인트벤처에 관한 연구가 다소 미미한것은 학술논문이 현상을 뒤따르는 경향이 있기 때문이다. 전통적인 제휴와 인수합병의 중간 형태인 하이브리드형 전략인 조인트벤처는 항공사의 새로운 전략적 선택으로 부상하고 있다. 즉, 제휴는 한시적인 협력전략이고, 인수합병은 본체를 상실하는 극단적인 결합전략이기 때문에 두 가지 유형의 장점을혼합하는 협력전략으로 조인트벤처에 관한 관심이 높아지고 있는 것이다. 따라서 향후 현실에서의 제휴 진화와 더불어 학술연구에서도 조인트벤처에 관한 연구가 활발해질 것으로 기대된다.

봄철 만주에서 발생하는 황사현상의 특징

하혜경,김정윤,임주연,王振?,牛生杰 한국기상학회 2006 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Isoflavones in Medicinal Herbs

하혜경,Young-Sun Lee,Je Hyun Lee,Hwansoo Choi,김정숙 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.1

Phytoestrogens have been used as a food supplement to prevent osteoporosis. The isoflavones in the phytoestrogens are daidzein, genistein and formononetin which are present in various herbs. This study examined the quantity of isoflavones in medicinal herbs, which can be used as a phytoestrogen supplement; soybean. These isoflavones were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV/VIS detector. The concentration of daidzein in Puerariae Radix was 10,436.16±2,143.83 mg/kg of the dried herb, which was much higher than that extracted from soybeans, 341.47±18.96 mg/kg. The amount of genistein in Sophorae flavescentis Radix (336.09±50.89 mg/kg) was approximately 11 times higher than that extracted from soybean (30.03±7.17 mg/kg). The level of formononetin in Dalbergiae odoriferae Lignum, 2,189.14±136.46 mg/kg, was the highest among the herbs tested. The total isoflavone content of Puerariae Radix was approximately 30 times higher than that extracted from soybean. Therefore, plants from the family Leguminosae, particularly Puerariae Radix, can be a good source of phytoestrogens.

Rat에서의 Propranolol 염산염의 비강흡수에 관한 연구

하혜경,김재백 圓光大學校 藥品硏究所 1987 藥品硏究所報 Vol.2 No.1

Nasal absorption of Propranolol was evaluated in rat by perfusing method of Propranolol solution. And the effect of additives (Epinephrine, Sodium lauryl sulfate, Span 20 and Tween 80) were estimated for Nasal absorption by perfusion method. Each solution was circulated through the nasal cavity of rat by means of a peristaltic pump at the rate of 2.0ml/min. and kept at 37.5˚C. The absorption rate was determined from perfusing solution by Ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 288 nm versus time. As a result is follows 1 . Nasal absorption rate coustant of Propranolol (Kα) is 1.78 × 10^-3 μ g/ ml/min. 2 . Kα of solution contained Epinephrine is 1.13 × 10^-3 μg/ml/min. 3 . Kα of solution contained Sodium lauryl sulfate is 6.10 × 10^-3 μ g/ml/min. 4 . Kα of solution contained Span 20 is 3.07 × 10^-3 μg/ml/min. 5 . Kα of solution contained Tween 80 ,s 2.45 × 10^-3 μg/ml/min.