Estradiol and progesterone regulate NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression and function in GH3 pituitary cells and THESC endometrial cells

하진아,신정우,석은지,김수현,선소정,양현원 한국통합생물학회 2023 Animal cells and systems Vol.27 No.1

Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) are essential sex steroid hormones that play critical roles in thepituitary gland and uterus. Recently, nesfatin-1, a polypeptide hormone that regulates appetiteand energy homeostasis in the hypothalamus, was found to be expressed in the pituitary glandand uterus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between these two steroidhormones and the expression and function of nesfatin-1 in the pituitary gland and uterus usingGH3 cells, a lacto-somatotroph cell line, and THESC cells, an endometrial stromal cell line. First,we verified the presence of nesfatin-1 and nesfatin-1 binding sites in GH3 and THESC cells. E2increased the mRNA expression of NUCB2, the gene encoding the nesfatin-1 protein, in GH3cells, while P4 had no significant effect. In THESC cells, NUCB2 mRNA expression was decreasedby E2 but increased by P4. In addition, nesfatin-1 significantly increased growth hormone (GH)and prolactin (PRL) mRNA expression in GH3 cells, and E2 enhanced this effect. In THESC cells,nesfatin-1 significantly increased the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor bindingprotein 1 (IGFBP1) and PRL, which are decidualization marker genes, and P4 further enhancedthis effect. These results suggest that nesfatin-1 may act as a local regulator of GH and PRLproduction in the pituitary gland and decidualization in the uterus, modulating its effects inresponse to E2 and P4.

중국 지방특색문화산업 발전이념에 관한 연구

하진,유동환 건국대학교 글로컬문화전략연구소 2019 문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.0 No.15

In 2014, the Chinese government distributed the “Directions for the Advancement of the Special Culture Industry.” The regional cultural industry means that it will become a national development strategy in the future. The text focused on analyzing the social landscape of China’s regional cultural industry. The concept of the local cultural industry is comprehensive and analyzed in the text in a macro way. The chemical industry is a green industry, and in the 21st century each country considers it a promising industry to promote social development. As China’s social and economic structure has changed, the Chinese cultural industry has become a pivotal economic development industry for the nation’s development. The local cultural industry is a detailed development under the Chinese cultural industry. The government has distributed many documents to promote this. Over the years, the construction of the local cultural industry by each class of society formed various development models. The main article, A power model deployed using resources, a model for developing cultural industries through succession to traditional and manual industries, and an integrated power model that values symbiosis by projecting regional characteristics, have divided up into three categories. The development of the local cultural industry is fundamentally beneficial in protecting local cultural resources. The level of social economy and cultural development in western China is much lower than that of central and eastern China. The economic power gap between the eastern, the central and the western regions is very high. The regional cultural industry is expected to become a major business that reinforces the economy in the West. The ultimate goal of developing the local cultural industry is to raise the standard of living for local residents. However, due to unfair development, many problems arise. In the final section, China's local cultural industry analyzed what problems were being revealed compared to Korean cultural contents. Regional development is largely the development of the nation and may increase regional exchanges abroad. Eventually, peaceful exchanges between countries can be promoted through the cultural industry. 2014년에 중국정부는 <특색문화산업발전을 추진하는 지도의견>을 반포하였다. 지방특색문화산업은 국가적인 발전전략이 된다는 것을 의미한다. 본문은 집중적으로 중국의 지방특색문화산업에 관한 전개 사회배경을 분석했다. 지방특색문화산업의 개념은 포괄적이고 본문에서 거시적인 면에서 담겨져 있는 의미를 분석했다. 문화산업은 녹색산업으로 21세기에 각 나라는 사회발전을 추진하기 위하여유망산업으로 여긴다. 중국사회경제구조 변화에 따라 중국문화산업이 국가발전에 있어 중추적 경제발전산업으로 자리를 잡았다. 지방특색문화산업은 중국문화산업 하에 세부적인 발전분야이다. 이를 추진하기 위하여 정부는 많은 문건을 반포하였다. 몇 년 동안에 지방특색문화산업에 대한 건설은 다양한 발전모델을 형성되었다. 본문은 주로 자원을 이용하여 전개되는 발전모델 ‘전통기예 ‧ 수공업을 계승하여 문화산업을 발전하는 모델’ 지역특색을 돌출하여 공생체를 중요시하는 집결형 발전모델 3가지로 나눠서 정리해보았다. 지방특색문화산업의 발전은 근본적으로 지방문화자원을 보호하는 것에 유익하다. 중국 서부지역의 사회경제와 문화발전 수준은 중부 ‧ 동부지역보다 훨씬 떨어져 있다. 동부 ‧ 중부 ‧ 서부지역 간에 경제력의 격차가 매우 심하다. 지방특색문화산업은 서부지역 경제 활성화 하는 주력 산업이 될 전망이다. 지방특색문화산업을 발전시키는 최종목표는 지역민의 생활수준을 높이는 것이다. 하지만, 불정당한 개발때문에 많은 문제들을 일으켰다. 마지막 부분에서 중국의 지방특색문화산업은 한국문화콘텐츠와 비교하여 어떤 문제점 드러나고 있는지에 대해서 분석하였다. 지방발전은 대내적으로는 나라의 발전이고 대외적으로는 지역 간 교류를 늘릴수 있다. 결국 문화산업을 통해 국가 간의 평화적인 교류를 추진할 수 있다.

학교폭력 피해경험이 청소년의 자살생각에 미치는 영향: 우울과 부모애착의 매개효과

하진의 ( Jin Eui Ha ) 한국청소년복지학회 2014 청소년복지연구 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구는 학교폭력 피해경험이 청소년의 자살생각에 영향을 주는 과정에서 우울과 부모애착이 매개효과를 가지는지를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 중학생과 고등학생 768명을 대상으로 학교폭력 피해경험, 우울, 부모애착, 청소년의 자살생각을 측정하였고, SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 20.0을 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학교폭력 피해경험이 청소년의 자살생각에 직접적인 영향을 주지는 않았으나, 우울을 완전 매개로 청소년의 자살생각에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학교폭력 피해경험이 청소년의 자살생각에 주는 영향에 부모애착은 직접적으로 매개하지는 않았으나, 학교폭력 피해경험이 부모애착을 부분 매개하여 우울에 영향을 주고 순차적으로 부모애착은 우울을 완전 매개하여 청소년의 자살생각에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 학교폭력의 피해를 경험한 청소년의 적응과 발달을 위한 이론적 함의와 청소년의 자살생각을 예방하기 위한 상담 및 심리 치료의 방향을 제시한다. The purpose of this study is to determine whether depression and parent attachment show mediating effect in the process that school-violence victimization experience influence adolescent`s suicidal ideation. To achieve this, a total of 768 middle and high school students responded to survey packet including measures of school-violence victimization experience, depression, parent attachment and suicidal ideation scales. The data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 20.0. The results were as follows: First, school-violence victimization experience has no effect on adolescent`s suicidal ideation directly, and has effect on adolescent`s suicidal ideation through depression indirectly. Second, school-violence victimization experience has effect on depression directly, and has effect on depression through parent attachment indirectly, in turn, parent attachment has no effect on adolescent`s suicidal ideation directly, and has effect on on adolescent`s suicidal ideation through depression indirectly. The findings of the study suggest theoretical implication for adaptation and growth of adolescent exposed to school-violence victimization experience, as well as the way of counseling and psychological treatment to prevent adolescent`s suicidal ideation.

당신은 안다 You Do Know/ birch plywood, dimension variable, 2013/ 각-구 脚-球 Ball of Legs/ mixed media, φ250cm,2013/ 깃발 Flag/ mixed media, dimension variable,2013

하진 서울여자대학교 조형연구소 2014 조형연구 Vol.20 No.-

초기 치매환자의 위축 경험

하진 노인간호학회 2006 노인간호학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identified the early stage of dementia patients' experience in their illness process and derived substantial theory. Method: Data were collected through the in-depth interview of 4 male and 1 female early stage of dementia patients and analysed through the grounded theory methodology. Result: While the early stage of dementia patients were conscious of change of cognition they felt fear and then shrank up. But they told about own sickness to other and had the will and try to beat the sick. Like this steps they experienced expectancy in the affirmative or breakdown in the negative as a result of recoil. Conclusion: They were regarded dementia patients as not enough to recognize their illness, but in this study revealed that they recognized their change. The specific strategy to the early stage of dementia patients that based on the psychosocial intervention is needed in the nursing practice.

대학생을 위한 진로탐색 프로그램 개발

하진의 제주대학교 사범대학 2003 백록논총 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study is to develop a career search program for college students. The objects of this Program as following were set up after the analysis of all the materials and books concernced. 1) To understand the real meaning of career in the sense of human development stage. 2) To understand oneself through searching many phases including one's personality, values, and life planning etc. 3) To research career information and to evaluate it in consideration of one's special conditions. 4) To make a concrete plan for career after careful search and decision. This program surveyed and analysed the established self-understanding program and career counseling program, and also organized the new career search program in accordance with the above mentioned objects. This program consists of 8 sessions and all activities of participants in this program experience in group which are composed of 10-15 persons. Each session lasts for 120 minutes including lectures, activities, and exchanging the opinions and feelings one another. This program is composed of the following contents to help the participants with searching for and deciding their career on the ground of self understanding. First, this program begins with introducing the program, filling up of the self-introduction letter, representing self-introduction letter, and thinlung of the prospect career list. Second findmg out what one's personality is like by MBTI, recognizing one's values by values-auction. and planning one's future by looking back upon one's life. make the participants understand themselves and evaluate one's personality. value, and life planning. Third, to make the participants reduce the number of the prospect career list to 3 and to make them research and evaluate the information of the number of the prospect career list to 3. Forth, all the participants should make a concrete plan about the career finally chosen and fortify it. This program, however, has not been verified. Therefore it requires a lot of correction and complement accordmg the verified effect which resulted from the application to actual field. Finally all colleges should make various efforts for the purpose of career guidence & counseling. That is, The Institute of Student Guidance should be the center of career guidence & counseling and develop many lunds of program to help all the students search their careers as well as to help the professors take part in the career guidence & counseling.

창의적 협업을 기반으로 한 융복합 문화예술교육에 관한 연구

하진 한국문화융합학회 2023 문화와 융합 Vol.45 No.2

The revolution in science and technology in the 21st century has brought about great changes in human life, and demands for innovation in the paradigm of education. Convergence culture and arts education, which aims for non-genre art works, media convergence, creative problem-solving ability, and holistic education, reflects it. However in terms of practice, important issues such as active communication and cooperation of each member remain. This study aims to help the practice of convergence culture and arts education by seeking a plan for convergence culture and arts education based on creative collaboration. For this purpose, this study derives the meaning and nature of creative collaboration and analyzes the meaning, character, and practical problems of convergence culture and arts education. After all, the characteristics and plans of convergence cultural arts education based on creative collaboration, and practical examples were presented to make it a more specific and practical study.

지역문학관의 이용자 참여 교육프로그램에대한 의미 고찰

하진 건국대학교 글로컬문화전략연구소 2022 문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.- No.25

Currently, except for some literature museums, most local literaturemuseums are built only for “opening” in consideration of the justification ofestablishment, and since then, they have been left unattended due to lack ofcontent in practical operation and activation. In modern times, as the levelof knowledge and culture of the public increases, users approach museumswith a sense of subjectivity and actively engage in educational programs thatcan satisfy the purpose of knowledge acquisition from their own perspective. Previous studies have identified this problem consciousness and are activelyconducting research. However, it is clear that the local literature museumeducation program, which aims to emphasize the active engagement ofusers, has a different meaning when considering the characteristics of thelocal literature museum, unlike other genres of museums, even if its valueorientation is the same. This study was followed by the need for researchraised in previous studies, but fundamentally, it attempted to explain themeaning of the ‘user engagement education program’ of the local literaturemuseum using a differentiated educational environment that has not beenconducted in previous studies. This paper examined the meaning of the user engagement educationprogram at the local literature center according to the three characteristics oflearning mentioned in the constructivist museum education theory. The user engagement education program of the local literature center should beobject-based learning. Due to the clarity and convenience of selecting theobjects of the local literature museum, it was classified into writer-typeliterary materials, work-type literary materials, and spatial literary materials. Next should be cooperative learning through interaction. In order to induceinteraction between users, four standalone equations of ‘contribution,cooperation, co-production, and hosting’ were presented according to the‘participatory museum’ theory. One of these is not superior to the other, andit is not a model that should be implemented sequentially. Since it is notpossible to select the best engagement method for the education program atthe local literature museum, you can choose a method of engagement thatmeets the goals of each education program and is acceptable. Lastly, theeducation program for users of the local literature hall should be a pleasantlearning activity. Since users expect learning and pleasure at the same time,the implementation of educational programs should be able to satisfy theselearner needs. In the process of engaging in the educational program, thepleasure acquired by applying certain play and imagination is converted toengaging learner activity-oriented education. This study does not define what user engagement education programs areconducted at the local literature museum. In the future, research is significantin what points should be paid attention to when planning educationalprograms in which users engage with a sense of independence in the localliterature museum. It is judged to be of reference because it is possible toplan a more different educational program in consideration of the characteristicsof the cultural space and literary material of the local literature museum,distinguishing it from other museum educational programs. 현재 일부 문학관을 제외하고 대다수의 지역문학관은 설립의 당위성을 고려하여 시설을 ‘개관’한 후 실질적인 운영 및 활성화를 중심으로 한 활용에 있어 콘텐츠가 부족하여 방치되어 있는 것이 사실이다. 현대에 이르러 대중의 지식문화수준이높아짐에 따라 이용자는 주체의식을 가지고 박물관에 방문하고 있으며 관람객 관점에서 프로그램에 능동적으로 참여하고자 하며 정보습득을 목적으로 한다. 기존의 선행연구에서는 이런 문제의식을 파악하여 적극적으로 연구를 진행하고 있다. 하지만 이렇게 이용자의 능동적인 참여를 강조하고자 하는 지역문학관 교육프로그램은 박물관 내 교육프로그램과 지향점이 같더라도 기존 박물관과 다르게 지역문학관만의 콘텐츠 특성을 고려할 때 차별된 의의를 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 제기된 연구 필요성에 이어서 진행하되, 근본적으로 선행연구에서 이루어지지 않고 있는 차별된 교육환경을 활용한 지역문학관의 ‘이용자 참여 교육프로그램’에 대한 의미를 설명하고자 한다. 본 논문은 구성주의 박물관 교육이론에서 언급한 학습의 3가지 특징에 따라 지역문학관의 이용자 참여 교육프로그램의 의미를 고찰하였다. 지역문학관의 이용자 참여 교육프로그램은 근본적으로 오브젝트를 기반으로 하는 학습이어야 한다. 지역문학관의 오브젝트를 선정하는 명확성과 편리성을 위해 작가형 문학소재, 작품형 문학소재, 공간형 문학소재로 분류하였다. 그 다음은 상호작용을 통한 협동적인 학습이어야 한다. 이용자 간에 상호작용을 유발하기 위해 ‘참여적 박물관’ 이론에 따라 ‘기여, 협력, 공동제작, 호스팅’4가지의 실행형식을 제시하였다. 이들은 어느 하나가 다른 것보다 뛰어난 것은 아니며, 순차적으로 이행되어야 할 모형도 아니다. 지역문학관 교육프로그램을 위한 최선의 참여 방식을 선별할 수 없기에 각 교육 프로그램 목표에 부합하고 허용 가능한 참여 방식을 취사선택하면 되는 것이다. 마지막은 지역문학관 이용자 참여교육프로그램은 즐거운 학습 활동이 돼야 한다. 이용자들이 배움을 기대하는 동시에 즐거움도 기대하기 때문에, 교육프로그램은 이런 학습자 요구를 만족시킬 수 있어야 한다. 교육프로그램을 참여하는 과정에서 일정한 놀이와 상상력을 작용해서 획득한 즐거움은 참여 학습자 활동 중심 교육으로의 전환으로 이루어지도록 한다. 본 연구는 지역문학관에서 진행하는 이용자의 참여 교육프로그램이 무엇인지를 개념화하여 정의를 내리는 것이 아니다. 향후에 지역문학관에서 이용자가 주체적인 의식을 가지고 참여하는 교육프로그램을 기획할 때에 어떤 점을 유의해야 하는지에 있어서 연구의의를 두고 있다. 기타 박물관의 교육프로그램과 구별하여 지역문학관이라는 문화 공간 및 문학소재의 특성을 고려하여 보다 색다른 교육프로그램을 기획할 수 있기에 참고적 의미가 있다고 판단한다.

아동의 공격성과 Winnicott의 대상관계이론에 관한 고찰

하진의 濟州大學校 學生生活硏究所 2004 學生生活硏究 Vol.25 No.-

The purpose of this study is to suggest guidelines for teachers and parents for the time when they consult with aggressive children. To do so, I consider the theories, which is about the aggressive development of children, of mine and the primitive environment from the emotional development of children, and the theory of Winniwtt who emphasizes object relations with mothers. We should play a neceSSary role, as Winnicott mentioned, of " good enough mother" so that we can understand and guide children with aggression. Mothers show those children support and sympathy enough to diminish discomfort and fear, and make those aggressive children help transcend aggression into normally developmental stages. Furthermore, mothers as objects play an important role in sharing one another's experiences in a concrete manner. Children who also can internalize such shares can grow independently. Such good roles of mothers would be able to have their children accomplish their integrity. When aggressive children are consulted and guided as well, it is so important for those children to form good object relations, which they could not afford to experience before, under the consulting teachers' custody and thoughtful consideration. When infants can form images of important objects through the help of teachers, they would be able to help themselves and others form positive images.

만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부에서 항생제 투여 후 정맥혈장 내 지질과산화도와 단백산화도의 변화

하진아 ( Jin A Ha ),김윤하 ( Yoon Ha Kim ),김석모 ( Seok Mo Kim ),김철홍 ( Chul Hong Kim ),조문경 ( Moon Kyoung Cho ),김종운 ( Jong Woon Kim ),강우대 ( Woo Dae Kang ),조혜연 ( Hye Yon Cho ),양성렬 ( Sung Yeul Yang ),안봉환 ( Bong 대한산부인과학회 2009 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.52 No.7

목적: 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부에게 항생제를 투여한 후 정맥혈장 내 지질과산화도와 단백산화도를 비교분석하여 이들이 어떤 영향을 미치는 가에 대하여 규명하고자 한다. 연구 방법: 임신 25주 이상 32주 미만의 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부 36명 중 1군 18명은 amoxacillin계와 erythromycin계 항생제를 7일간 병합 투여하고, 2군 18명은 3세대 cephalosporin계 (cefodizime, cefditoren)와 erythromycin계 항생제를 7일간 병합 투여하였다. 각 군에서 투여 전, 3일째, 7일째 팔오금 중간정맥혈을 채취하고 원심분리 후 혈장을 얻었다. Thiobarbituric acid반응을 이용하여 지질과산화물 농도를 측정하였고, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 방법을 이용하여 단백질의 carbonyl기 함량을 측정하였다. 대조군으로 임신 25주 이상 32주 미만 정상임부 18명의 정맥혈장을 얻어 시험관 내 방법으로 지질과산화물 농도와 단백질의 carbonyl기 함량을 측정하였다. Interleukin (IL)-6은 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: 1. 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부군 (18명)의 정맥혈장 내 지질과산화물 농도와 단백질의 carbonyl기 함량은 4.77±0.36, 7.11±0.41 nmol/mg protein으로, 정상임부군 (18명) 3.55±0.22, 5.69±0.30 nmol/mg protein보다 모두 유의하게 높았다 (P<0.01). 2. 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부군 (18명)의 정맥혈장에서 시험관 내 방법으로 amoxacillin계, 3세대 cephalosporin계 및 erythromycin계 항생제를 처치한 전과 후에 측정한 지질과산화물 농도와 단백질의 carbonyl기 함량의 차이는 의의가 없었다. 3. 1군의 투여 전, 투여 3일째, 7일째 정맥혈장 내 지질과 산화물 농도는 4.51±0.41, 4.33±0.28, 4.55±0.35 nmol/mg protein이며, 2군의 투여 전, 투여 3일째, 7일째 정맥혈장 내 지질과 산화물 농도는 4.89±0.22, 4.62±0.21, 4.50±0.26 nmol/mg protein으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4. 1군의 투여 전, 투여 3일째, 7일째 정맥혈장 내 단백질의 carbonyl기 함량은 7.21±0.38, 7.53±0.41, 7.70±0.54 nmol/mg protein으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 2군의 투여 전, 투여 3일째, 7일째 정맥혈장 내 단백질의 carbonyl기 함량은 7.04±0.51, 6.04±0.44, 5.53±0.37 nmol/mg protein으로 투여 전보다 투여 7일째가 유의하게 감소하였다 (P<0.05). 5. 1군의 투여 전과 7일째 정맥혈장 내 IL-6 농도는 6.82±0.38, 8.21±0.54 pg/mL으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2군의 투여 전과 7일째 정맥혈장 내 IL-6농도는 7.50±0.35, 3.13±0.37 pg/mL으로 유의하게 감소하였다 (P<0.05). 결론: 만삭 전 조기양막파열 시 정맥혈장에서 지질과산화와 단백질의 산화적 변화가 증가되어 있었으며, 3세대 cephalosporin계와 erythromycin계 병합치료에 의해 단백질의 산화도와 IL-6 생성이 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 이는 3세대 cephalosporin계와 erythromycin계 병합요법이 염증성 반응으로 발생되는 활성 산소를 억제시키는 효과를 나타낸 것으로 사료된다. Objective: To investigate and compare the amount of the lipid peroxidation and the protein carbonyls formation in maternal venous plasma of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) during antibiotics administration. Methods: PPROM were selected between 25 and 32 weeks of gestation. Eighteen patients (group 1) were treated with amoxicillin and erythromycin for 7 day period, 18 patients (group 2) were treated with 3rd generation cephalosporin (cefodizime, cefditoren) and erythromycin for the same period. Maternal blood were obtained from the two groups before and after the antibiotics administration, day 3 and day 7. Lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyl contents were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine method. Other 18 women with normal pregnancy between 25 and 32 weeks of gestation of venous blood were checked same things in vitro. Interleukin (IL)-6 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: 1. The lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyls formation in the maternal venous plasma of PPROM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (lipid peroxidation levels; 4.77±0.36 vs 7.11±0.41 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01, protein carbonyls formation; 3.55±0.22 vs 5.69±0.30 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 2. There were no significant differences in the lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyls formation of the maternal venous plasma with PPROM mixed and incubated by amoxicillin, cefodizime, cefditoren, and erythromycin (in vitro). 3. There were no significant differences in the lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyls formation of the venous plasma of group 1 between before and after antibiotics administration, day 3 and day 7. 4. There were no significant differences in the lipid peroxide levels of the venous plasma of group 2 between before and after antibiotics administration, day 3 and day 7. 5. The protein carbonyls formation in the venous plasma of group 2 was significantly decreased at day 3 and day 7 after antibiotics administration than that of before (6.04±0.44 and 5.53±0.37 vs. 7.04±0.51 nmol/mg protein, P<0.05). 6. The levels of IL-6 in the venous plasma of group 2 was significantly decreased at day 7 after antibiotics administration than that of before (7.50±0.35 vs. 3.13±0.37 pg/mL, P<0.05). Conclusion: In the maternal venous plasma of PPROM, the lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyls formation were increased. The formation of protein carbonyls and IL-6 in the maternal blood of PPROM was decreased by combined treatment of 3rd generation cephalosporin and erythromycin. The results suggest that reactive oxygen species formation by inflammatory reaction is suppressed by the 3rd generation cephalosporins and erythromycin combined treatment.