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일본의 완전학교 주5일제 수업에 나타난 제문제와 시사점
하윤수 부산교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2004 초등교육연구 Vol.19 No.-
This study focuses on finding a way to establish a community infrastructure to positively face a new educational situation stemming from a five-day a week school system on the basis of the inter-relationship between schools and the community. The questions and approach for this study are as follows: First, to implement a five-day a week school system, what the community infra-structure requires and why it is necessary will be investigated. Second, through the analysis of a model school, I evaluated how one community made an infrastructure to carry out a five-day school system successfully. Third, by analyzing the cases of the school system of several foreign countries, what sort of ideas could be obtained was examined. Fourth, after analyzing what sort of elements should be considered for operating a five-day school system, new ways were suggested. How to make a community infrastructure for 'gradual implementation of five-day school system' by the Ministry of Education was examined.
不法行爲法上 原因競合論 : Centering around the concurrence with the road defect 道路瑕疵와의 競合을 中心으로
河潤秀 東亞大學校 大學院 1991 大學院論文集 Vol.16 No.-
The road defect means that the stone falls on the road and the bridge collapses, and the surface of road is defective(that is to say, the surface of road is piited or the balance of surface of road of curve road is lost), the defect of illumination of road surface(Illumination of Tunnel) and road mark, and establishment of semaphore is caused. The traffic accident can be generally caused by the fault of driver, but be incurred by the road defect even if there is no fault of driver. Also, the traffic accident can be incurred by the cause concurrence of the mistakes of driver and the road defect. That is to say, it is called as the Proximate Cause Concurrence that the accident is caused by the concurrence of negligence of driver and road defect. The cause of accident is diverse, as aboves, and it different where the responsibility lies according to these causes. That is to say, in case the accident is caused by the mistakes of driver, its responsibility must be borne by the driver, and in case the accident is incurred by the defect of road, it must be assumed responsibility of by the Nation or Local Autonomous Entity or Road Corporation which is the main body of controlling the road. In case the cause is concurrent, the responsibility must be borne together. However, notwithstanding there is no mistakes of driver, he does not claim damages against the nation or the chief of Local Autonomous Entity which is the manager of road(Law of Nation Compensation Article 2 ro Civil Law Article 758 Clause 1), and he accepts his own responsibility as the driver's own driving fault. Also, even when the traffic accident is incurred by the concurrence of fault of driver and road defect, it becomes controllable that the damages is claimed only against the driver under the Civil Law(It is thought as the Driver's own fault). Accordingly, this study is to consider the law principle of responsibility centering around the case in which the driver's fault and the road defect are concurrent together, which can cause the problems. That is to say, in this case, the damages are expanded by the concurrence of the driver's own fault and the road defect of road manager, and therefore the part which the damages is spreaded isinvested in the responsibility line of road manager certainly. So, the issue on legal responsibility of road manager can be presented. However, it is the actual situations that there is no sufficient argument on it, notwithstanding these legal issues are proposed. Therefore, these issues is to be developed jurisprudentially in this study. Firstly, how the fault of driver and the manager by the road defect and its responsibility issue are construed in the Theory of Tort Law of Existing Civil Law, Article 750 and the Jurisprudential Sphere of Joint Tort Law of Article 760. Secondly, how the legal responsible principle of road defect in constructed in National Compensation Law, Article 2 and Self-Compensation Law, Article 3 and the Responsibility of possessor and owner of structure of Civil Law, Article 758. With regard to the part in which the accident is expanded by the road defect of the Republic of Korea, the driver has no choice but to acknowledge it as his own mistake or the theory on it is not enough. The judicial precedent is consistent in the responsibility of Article 2, National Compensation Law, and the Structure Defect of Article 758, Civil Law. These consistency is responsible for the insufficient theory, but is under the control of whole or total-lacking result responsibility theory according to the principle of responsibility concurrence. However, this study is to examine the collaboration of driver, who causes the mistake, and road defect, and to divide the responsibility according to the contribution degree of cause under the principle of cause concurrence. As well, the thing combined more than 2 factors on the character of road defect, as examined in the foregoing, creates on result(Damages), and therefore it is not easy to consider the jurisprudence. When the combined 2 factors inflict the damages upon the sufferer, it must be discussed how the legal responsibility is handled. It is general that the bona-fide sufferer requests the responsibility of Joint Tort Action of Civil Law Article 760 to both parties. This is surely for the protection of sufferer, but it is caused whether it is suitable to the Joint Tort Action which is the provision for the sufferer, notwithstanding all kinds of cause contribution are pretty difference between the faulted driver and the defective road manager. It is considered that the thing which coincides with the principle of impartial burden on the Tort Action Law is proper to be divided in the concorded total damages, according to the percentage of each cause contribution. As like this, as the responsibility is divided, it is thought that the part expanded of the accident happening, that is to say, there is open to ask the responsibility on road defect, is needed for groping for the cause concurrence newly.
교육대학교와 사회기관과의 연계강화 방안 : 일본 교원양성대학과 지역사회기관과의 연계 중심으로
하윤수 부산교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2003 초등교육연구 Vol.18 No.-
The educational universities in South Korea have enjoyed so far the superiority of a systematic device for elementary schoolteacher as the purposeful university that takes exclusive charge of educating elementary teacher. As this effect, they are in danger of falling into hard-shelled and closed self-contradiction because all the constituent members of educational university are naturally estranged from general universities and society, the view of logical thought of students are unified, and their thoughts of social status quo become rigid by a dichotomy. While only the particularity of education for teacher-training has been emphasizing like this, not only a learning except the education of teacher and curriculum has got more and more rejected but lack of understanding of the study that researches social status quo has been deepened and expanded. Therefore, to overcome the defect and contradiction of educational university, the ability to accept various opinions as to social status quo is required, along with outgoing and open thought. It is absolutely necessary to use jointly human and material resources between the general universities and social organs in the area as well as to interchange credits and the completion of liberal arts. We should understand the seriousness of such problems correctly and building a supporting system with educational university in the center, we have to realize educational actuality through many kinds of educational experiences. Also, it is though that the quality of both teacher and education will get better externally, simultaneous with the enhancement of the inner value of educational university student. As this study aims at solving the above-mentioned problems confronting educational universities in South Korea at present and strengthening the connection between an educational university and social organs so as to correspond to the image of teacher that is asked in 21st century, it is only a way both to escape from closed curriculum and to connect with the social organs that are need in understanding new experience and world. Besides the firm maintenance of the identity of educational university through strengthening it, it is of the most urgent necessity to use new facilities, experiment and exercise, experience different culture, and service to the community through the connection. In conclusion, the cultivation of teachers' quality is requisite to setting up the image of teacher with both generous humanity and a large experience of social activities by strengthening the connection.
초등 체육전담교사가 통합체육 수업에서 겪는 딜레마에 관한 근거이론적 접근
하윤수,박진우,이현수 한국특수체육학회 2022 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.30 No.4
This study aimed to analyze and examine the dilemma Elementary Physical Education Teachers face in Integrated Physical Education Classes by applying the grounded theory method. Through theoretical sampling, ten teachers in charge of integrated physical education and elementary school physical education in B city were selected as research participants. As a result, by applying the grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin (1997), concept derivation and paradigm were constructed, and a circumstantial model was developed. As a result of open coding, 163 concepts were derived. This was again composed of 28 sub-categories, and the sub-categories were finally categorized into 14 upper categories. In the axial coding stage, it was found that a focal phenomenon called the 'dilemma of integrated physical education' and 'dilemma of physical education' occurred. At this time, 'awareness of integrated sports' and 'appropriateness of the current curriculum for integrated physical education' as causal conditions were mediated by 'policy of physical education' and 'emphasis on human rights' as contextual conditions. As intervening conditions, 'support of students with disabilities' and 'cooperative teachers and incentives' appeared. The strategic action/interaction, 'reorganization of curriculum for integrated physical education', and 'class cooperation through disability and non-disability class" were shown. The consequences were 'resolving disability/non-disability conflicts', 'existence of disability/non-disability conflicts', 'solution of the dilemma', and 'teaching life". In the selective coding stage, constructed a storyline, and a circumstantial model was found accordingly. Finally, based on the analyzed data, the necessity of reorganizing the curriculum and improving the treatment of physical education teachers was suggested by proposing an integrated education network community. were suggested. 본 연구는 근거이론 방법을 적용하여 초등학교 체육전담교사가 통합체육을 실시하면서 현장에서 겪게 되는 딜레마의 의미를 탐색하고 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제시하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이론적 표본추출(Theoretical sampling)을 통해 B시에 소속되어 있는 초등학교 체육전담교사이면서 통합체육을 담당하는 교사 10명을 연구 참여자로 선정하였다. 결과는 Strauss와 Corbin(1997)의 근거이론 방법을 적용하여 개념 도출 및 패러다임을 구성하고 상황모형을 개발하였다. 개방코딩 결과 163개의 개념이 도출되었다. 이를 다시 28개의 하위 범주로 구성하였으며, 하위범주는 14개의 상위 범주로 최종 범주화하였다. 축코딩 단계에서는 ‘통합체육딜레마’, ‘체육전담 딜레마’라는 중심현상이 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 이때 인과적 조건으로는 ‘통합체육에 대한 인식’, ‘통합체육에 대한 현행 교육과정 적합성’이 맥락적 조건으로는 ‘체육정책’, ‘인권강조’가 중재적 조건으로는 ‘장애학생지원’, ‘협력교사 및 인센티브’가 나타났다. 작용/상호작용 전략으로는 ‘통합체육수업을 위한 교육과정 재구성’, ‘장애‧비장애 분리수업을 통한 수업협력’이 나타났으며, 결과는 ‘장애/비장애의 갈등 해소’, ‘장애/비장애의 갈등 상존’, ‘딜레마 해소방안’, ‘교직생활’로 나타났다. 선택적 코딩 단계에서 이야기 개요를 구성하고 그에 따른 상황모형을 발견하였다. 마지막으로 분석 자료들을 토대로 초등학교 체육전담교사의 통합체육수업 운영 과정에서 겪는 딜레마를 해소하기 위한 교육과정 재구성과 통합교육네트워크 공동체를 제안하고 체육전담교사의 처우개선의 필요성에 대해 시사하였다. 주요어 : 초등 체육전담교사, 통합체육수업, 딜레마, 근거이론
하윤수 한국사회교과교육학회 2013 사회과교육연구 Vol.20 No.1
The purpose of this study is to suggest the necessity of negotiation training and negotiation skills in the social studies for democratic citizenship and to search the solution to extending negotiation skills. Meantime, the instruction models of decision-making through debates have been proposed to raise the ability to solve various conflicts occurring in the society. However, most of the models make students stir up arguments for and against and they are inclined to recognize models as just means for arguments. To overcome these problems this study contrives the instruction models for cultivating negotiation skills which lead to mutual agreement among others. In the instructional model of negotiation, it pursues the situation satisfying both of their needs. In order to do that, it is important to find coexistence so we need to understand counterparts to solve the problems. And we can approve the opposite side and analyze the issues in an impartial way through a mutual communication process which finds what they need and acquires what they want. The instructional model of negotiation is a differentiated model compared with others in that it can draw win-win solutions for two sides by solving problems creatively through these process. 본 논문에서는 민주 시민성 함양을 목적으로 하는 사회과에서 협상교육의 필요성을 제기하고 협상능력을 신장하기 위한 실천 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 그동안 사회 속에서 발생하는 다양한 갈등을 합리적으로 해결할 수 있는 능력을 기르기 위하여 토론을 통한 의사결정 수업모형이나 논쟁수업모형 등이 제기되어 왔다. 그러나 그 대부분이 학습자에게 자칫 찬반논쟁을 부추겨 찬반승패를 건 대결 과정으로 인식할 우려가 높다. 이를 극복하기 위해 본 연구에서는 다른 입장의 사람들과 합의를 이끌어 내는 협상능력을 길러주기 위한 수업모형을 구안하였다. 협상 수업모형에서는 쌍방 모두가 그들의 필요를 각자 만족시키는 상황이 되도록 추구한다. 그러기 위해서는 공존 방안을 찾는 것이 중요하기 때문에 문제 해결에 있어서 상대방을 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 그리고 상대방이 실제로 필요한 것을 찾아내고 자신이 원하는 것을 얻어가는 상호 의사소통 과정을 통해 상대방 입장을 이해하게 되고 문제를 공정한 방법으로 분석이 가능하다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 창조적으로 문제 해결을 해나가면서 양 당사자간의 윈-윈 해결방안을 도출한다는 점에서 협상수업모형은 결정 수업모형이나 논쟁수업모형과 차별화된 수업모형이라 할 수 있다.
하윤수,이주용,Sey Kiat Lim,조강수,최영득 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.11
Purpose: A rapid growth in the socioeconomic status of Koreans has triggered an unprecedented explosion of health information for the general population. Despite its obvious benefits, this increase in information could also result in potentially harmful effects for both consumers and professionals who do not use it appropriately. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the quality and accuracy of health information on erectile dysfunction from 10 nationwide daily newspapers. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed health information from 10 nationwide daily newspapers in Korea from January 2011 through December 2011. We reviewed the health information for quality by using evidence-based medicine tools and evaluated the accuracy of the information provided. Articles that simply summarized scientific congresses or journal articles and that did not include direct quotations were excluded, as were advertisements. Results: A total of 47 articles were gathered. Among them, 27 (57.4%) contained inaccurate or misleading statements on the basis of an evidence-based medicine evaluation. These statements included using inappropriate surrogate outcomes as clinical endpoints (three cases, 6.4%), extrapolating nonhuman results to humans (two cases, 4.3%), exaggerating the significance of results (eight cases, 17.0%), and using incorrect words (14 cases, 29.8%). The rate of error was higher in the information from Korean sources than in that from international sources (22 cases vs. 5 cases). Conclusions: Approximately 57% of all articles on erectile dysfunction from 10 nationwide daily newspapers were found to contain inaccuracies.