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하봉찬(Bong-Chan Ha) 한국산업경제학회 2012 산업경제연구 Vol.25 No.6
본 연구에서는 선진국에서 이미 진행되어 온 서비스경제로의 이행을 한국의 자료를 중심으로 실증분석하고 그 결정요인을 찾아 검정하였다. 서비스경제로의 이행현상을 고용비중의 확대라는 측면으로 국한하여 서비스산업의 고용비중이 점차 확대되어 가는 현상에 대한 여러 이론적 가설을 중심으로 실증분석하였다. 서비스경제로의 이행에 대한 가설은 (1) 소득편향가설 (2) 생산성격차가설 (3) 기타 외부충격가설로 분류할 수 있는데, 본 연구에서는 전체 서비스산업과 세부서비스산업을 대상으로 소득편향가설은 기각, 생산성격차가설은 채택, 그리고 외부충격가설 중 여성의 경제활동참가가설은 기각되었으나, 정부지출가설은 채택되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 서비스산업에서의 고용증가의 원인이 수요측면에서의 서비스산업 선호증가라기 보다는 공급측면에서의 제조업과 서비스산업 간의 생산기술 차이와 정부지출의 확대에 기인한 변화로 해석할 수 있다. 다시 말해 제조업의 빠른 기술발전에 비해 상대적으로 정체된 서비스산업의 생산기술변화가 서비스산업에서의 고용확대를 발생시키고 있으며 정부지출의 확대가 서비스산업에서의 고용에 직간접적인 영향을 미치고 있다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다. This study examines the shift of service economy in employment of Korea and investigates its determinants based on the theoretical hypotheses. A number of hypotheses for the rising trend in the service industry employment share have been proposed in the economics literature: demand-bias hypothesis, Baumol’s disease hypothesis, and exogenous shock hypothesis(female economic activity participation hypothesis and government expenditure hypothesis). We have found the following results: First, while the evidence for supporting demand-bias hypothesis was not found, there was a strong relationship between productivity gap in manufacturing-service industry and employment change in service industry. Second, government expenditure also explains the surge in service employment. Finally, these results were not changed in the disaggregated service industry data. Recently, Korea has experienced an increase in the share of service-related jobs in total employment. Understanding the determinants of the expanding employment in service industry is key to achieving higher employment level in Korea.
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교육훈련투자가 생산성에 미치는 효과분석: 부산시 선도기업을 중심으로
하봉찬 ( Bong Chan Ha ),최홍봉 ( Hong Bong Choi ) 한국경제지리학회 2010 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.13 No.4
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of education and training on labor productivity of the leading firms in Busan during the period of 1999~2000. In order to control for firm heterogeneity and the endogeneity problem of education and training, we employed fixed effects model and 2SLS. Our empirical results showed that firms expenditures per capita on education and training were positively correlated with their labor productivity. We also tested whether the effects of education and training on labor productivity vary with firm size or across industries. It is shown that, while firm size makes no statistical differences, the effect of education and training on labor productivity is smaller in service industry than in manufacturing one. From heterogeneous effect of education and training across industries, we could infer that policies to support various education and training programs in service industry are needed to be reinforced to improve the competitiveness of service industry.
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국제경제 : 서비스경제로의 이행과 노동생산성 변화에 대한 국제비교연구
하봉찬 ( Bong Chan Ha ) 국제지역학회 2012 국제지역연구 Vol.16 No.3
This paper examines the shift to service economy in the developed countries including Korea and analyzes whether Baumol`s cost disease hypothesis could explain the labor productivity growth in the developed countries even though the share of service industry is rising rapidly. We have found the following results: First, the shift to service economy is widely observed in the developed countries. Second, the productivity gap between manufacturing and service industry is widening as a result of stagnant productivity growth in service industry. Third, however, the productivity in the whole economy is still growing because of the large productivity differences among the sub-industries in service industry. Fourth, we have found that the productivities of some service industries, such as finance, communication, business service, etc., are almost same or larger than the productivity of manufacturing industry. From this fact it is likely that the productivity of the whole economy could grow in spite of the stagnant productivity growth in service industry.
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