Variations in English Loanword Adaptation in Korean Phonology: Attributable to the Borrowing Language’s Internal Grammar or Speech Perception?

탁진영 한국영어영문학회 2012 영어 영문학 Vol.58 No.3

This paper attempts to provide insight into variations of English loanwords containing consonant sequences within the SB (Ls-to-Lb). Accepting the drawbacks of the perception-only and phonology-only approaches, this paper facilitates Smith’s (2006, 2009) SB correspondence model, which considers such diverse factors in loanword adaptation as perception, Lb-internal grammar, and orthography by holding the relationship between the borrowing form and the borrower’s posited representations of the source-language form (i.e., pLs representation). Further developing Smith’s analysis, this paper suggests that Korean Lb speakers’ explicit knowledge of the Ls morphology also plays a crucial role in producing variations in English loanwords. For example, when loanwords contain impermissible consonant sequences, it has been reported that a vowel [i-] is inserted. However, this paper suggests that when loanwords are analyzed as being morphologically complex, they undergo feature changing processes, rather than vowel epenthesis. More specifically, if loanwords are analyzed as a compound deriving from two independent words (i.e., word[word[X]##word[Y]]), they undergo nasalization or delateralization. On the other hand, if they are analyzed as a bimorphemic simple word (i.e., word[X#Y]), they do not undergo delateralization and undergo lateralization. If they are judged as monomorphemic words,vowel epenthesis applies.

메시지 유형과 수용자 특성이 정치광고 효과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

탁진영,김상욱 계명대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 한국사회과학연구 Vol.19 No.2

텔레비전 정치광고의 쟁점과 개선방향 : 미디어선거 확대와 선거공영제를 중심으로

탁진영 啓明大學校 社會科學硏究所 2002 한국사회과학연구 Vol.21 No.2

Three Types of Vowel Epenthesis in Korean Accented-English: Correspondence Theory and Epenthetic Qulity

탁진영 한국영어영문학회 2006 영어 영문학 Vol.52 No.5

The mastery of English consonant sequences that are not attested in their native language is one of the obstacles for native Korean speakers learning English as a foreign language. In order to adjust the phonotactics of the Korean syllable structure, Korean speakers epenthesize a vowel in English consonant sequences when they encounter unfamiliar consonant sequences. This paper has reanalyzed vowel epenthesis for English consonant sequences and proposed that there are actually three types of vowel epenthesis in English consonant sequences: [u]-epenthesis after a bilabial, []-epenthesis after an alveolar or a velar, and [i]-epenthesis after a palatal. Furthermore, within the framework of Correspondence Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993; McCarthy and Prince 1993, 1994, 1995), this paper has also shown that the native language ranking is transferred into the interlanguage. Given this view, the early stage of language learning is characterized by ranking the relevant markedness transferred from Korean―*Complex, CodaCondition―over particular faithfulness constraints. Additionally, some constraints which are not visible in Korean phonology― BE-Identity-F, Copy-Left, BE-Adjacency, Max-σbimoraic(μ), and Depr-Onset―emerge and are ranked highly. Fully developed systems with few phonological alternations, on the other hand, tend toward the reverse ranking. This assumption is obtained by the incremental demotion of markedness constraints as proposed by Tesar and Smolensky (1993, 2000), and Boersma and Hayes (2001).

A Uniform Analysis of Tensification in Korean: An Optimality Approach

탁진영 한국언어학회 2008 언어 Vol.33 No.3

This study analyzes tensification in Korean within the framework of Optimality Theory with candidate chains (McCarthy 2007a, 2007b, 2007c). Two important issues are addressed in this paper. The first is that Korean displays more than one type of tensification: post-obstruent tensification, compound tensification, Sino-Korean tensification, modifier tensification, and predicate tensification (Kim 1970; Lee 1972; Kim-Renaud 1974; Chung 1980; Ahn 1985, 1998, 2002; Oh 1987, 1988). The second is that some Korean tensification phenomena are characterized by counterbleeding opacity in which the triggers are invisible in the surface structure. Given this, the present study proposes that in spite of such complexity diverse types of tensification can be accounted for by post-obstruent tensification. This approach reveals that a latent feature (FTENSE) exists and thus entails tensification. For Optimality Theory with candidate chains, the precedence constraint PRECEDENCE (IDENTITY-[tense], MAX) can account for counterbleeding in tensification.

Consonat Cluster Simplification in Total Reduplication in Chana: Place Priority Over Sonority Priority

탁진영 사단법인 한국언어학회 2011 언어학 Vol.0 No.59

Contrary to previous research in favor of vowel-epenthesis to resolve illicit consonant clusters in Chaha, this paper attempts to show that Chaha also utilizes consonant cluster simplification for total reduplication of biconsonantal roots. Furthermore, the present paper analyzes this process within the framework of the conjunction of place and sonority subhierarchies (Gafos & Lombardi 1999; Woods, 2004) with universally fixed markedness hierarchies. Unlike this paper, Banksira (2000) suggests that in Chaha labial is more marked than dorsal, and so labial consonants may be a target for simplification in labial-dorsal sequences while simplification does not apply for dorsal-labial sequences (i.e., coronal >dorsal >labial). However, a further investigation of Chaha phonology proves that the constraint hierarchy *[labial] >> *[dorsal] >> *[coronal] is falsified by other phonological processes. Therefore, to account for consonant cluster simplification, this paper still adopts two universal fixed constraints: (1) place markedness *Coda-[dorsal, labial] >>UG *Coda-[coronal] and (2) sonority hierarchy *Coda-obstruent >>UG *Coda-nasal >>UG *Coda-approximant (Woods, 2004). By conjoining these two hierarchies, the present analysis proposes that there is an overall precedence relationship of place markedness over sonority in Chaha. Finally, this paper proposes that constraints Max and *Onset-[labial] are conjoined, and the conjoined constraint Max& *Onset-[labial] is highly ranked to account for the deletion of labial consonants followed by dorsal consonants.

Spirantization in Central Numic Languages: Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives

탁진영 한국언어학회 2014 언어 Vol.39 No.2

The present study reanalyzes so-called spirantization in three Numic languages, Panamint, Shoshoni, and Comanche. Different from most of previous research on this issue, it is proposed that partial spirantization in Comanche is in fact an innovator, while full spirantization in Panamint and Shoshoni is original (McLaughlin 1992). It is also shown that the change from /t/ to [ɾ], which all these three languages undergo, is part of spirantization, not tap formation, different from the analysis of Armagost & McLaughlin (1992, 1993). Within the framework of Aperture Theory (Steriade 1993a, 1993b, 1994), taps and fricatives are regarded as having an identical aperture representation, Arelease. Furthermore, this paper analyzes spirantization in Central Numic languages based on Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993); it is demonstrated that the re-ranking of the constraints can account for the differences toward spirantization among these languages.

Word-Edge Consonant Clusters in Chaha: The Syllable Margin Approach

탁진영 한국언어학회 2011 언어 Vol.36 No.2

Tak, Jin-young. 2011. Word-edge Consonant Clusters in Chaha: The Syllable Margin Approach. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 36-2, 491-514. The present study analyzes various patterns of [ɨ]-epenthesis toward word-initial and -final consonant clusters in Chaha within the framework of the syllable margin approach (Baertsch 2002, Baertsch & Davis 2003). Following Banksira (1997, 2000) and Rose (1997, 2000), this paper posits that /β/ is a sonorant in Chaha. However, in contrast to Banksira (2000) who assigns the same sonority value to /β/ as nasals and liquids and Rose (2000) who locates /β/ between nasals and liquids in the sonority scale, it is argued here that in fact in Chaha /β/ is less sonorant than both nasals and liquids. Furthermore, compared to Rose's (2003) analysis where the constraint SyllabeContact places a crucial role in determining [ɨ]-epenthesis in Chaha, the present analysis splits consonants within the syllable into two types of margin consonants (M1 and M2). Then, it is proposed that the separate M1 and M2 hierarchies enable us to account for the different behaviors of consonant clusters with respect to [ɨ]-epenthesis without referring to an external sonority scale or a specific syllable contact conditions (Murray & Tennemann 1983). (Sejong University)

Penultimate devoicing in Chaha: phonetic enhancement rather than devoicing

탁진영 한국음운론학회 2011 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.17 No.1

Two of the most well-cited phonological processes in Chaha, ‘devoicing’(i.e., voiceless consonants alternating with voiced counterparts in the penultimate) and degemination, are reinvestigated to provide a uniform account for laryngeal representations in obstruents within the framework of Dimensional Theory (Avery and Idsardi 2001). In this approach, different from Banksira (2000) and O’Bryan and Rose (2004), devoicing is viewed as articulatory enhancement which assigns [stiff] to Glottal Tension, not a process which deletes the underlying specified feature [voice]. This is drawn from Ohala and Ridordan’ (1979) finding that vocal fold vibration resulting from a prolonged constriction (i.e. geminate consonants) is articulatorily effortable; the phonetic change to [tt] from /dd/ is motivated. Furthermore, Vaux’s Law and the special status of /t/ in Chaha are introduced to account for devoicing in Chaha since devoicing applies when the final consonant is either a sonorant or /t/, which is assumed to be not specified for the Laryngeal articulator (Banksira 2000).

지역성 구현을 통한 지역 프로그램의 개선방안에 관한 탐색적 연구 : 지역민과 제작자의 인식차이를 중심으로

탁진영,서예란 한국지역언론학회 2011 언론과학연구 Vol.11 No.4

This study is to explore the realization of localism in local broadcasting programs. Focused on the recognition differences between local residents and TV producers, this exploratory study is aimed at finding solutions in the concept of ‘localism’ in producing programs by the local broadcasting stations, to attract local residents’ attentions and to be one of the representative contents in local culture. The results of research questions were verified as follows. First, the recognition differences between local residents and TV producers were shown in both social and cultural features and geographical ones. Secondly, a clear difference between them was also observed both in universalism and specialism of programs, concerning the recognition of programs’ traits. Lastly, with the aid of the SEM(Structural Equation Model), the causal relationship was confirmed between the perception of the concept of localism and that of desirable local programs, and the moderating effect was also recognized between local residents and TV producers. This research has attempted to achieve the localism of local broadcasting stations through self-producing programs and to contribute to the establishment of local residents’ identity and the formation of local community. In conclusion, this study suggests that it is necessary for the local broadcasting stations to make the strategies of diversification and specialization with the activation of co-production. The localism of local programs should be realized by developing local-close-coverage programs and activating the news journalism containing lots of geographical localism features to positively reflect them on the program scheduling and production process. 본 연구는 지역방송 프로그램의 지역성 구현에 관한 탐색적 성격의 연구이다. 즉, 지역민과 제작자의 인식차이를 중심으로 지역방송에서 제작되고 있는 프로그램들이 지역민에게 외면당하지 않고, 그 지역을 대표하는 문화콘텐츠로서 자리 잡기 위한 해결방안의 중심에 지역성을 두고 논의를 진행하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지역민과 제작자들은 사회․문화적 지역성과 지리적 지역성 인식에서 차이가 확인되었다. 둘째, 프로그램 특성에 대한 인식에서는 프로그램의 보편성과 특수성 모두에서 지역민과 제작자의 확연한 견해 차이를 보여주었다. 다음으로, 지역성개념에 대한 인식과 바람직한 지역프로그램에 대한 인식 사이의 인과관계가 확인되었으며, 지역민과 제작자 사이의 조절효과도 확인되었다. 본 연구는 지역방송이 자체 제작프로그램을 통해 지역성을 구현해야 한다는 당위적인 관점에서 출발하여, 실증적 자료의 분석을 통해 지역프로그램의 실제적인 발전방안을 찾아본 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 구체적으로, 지역방송은 공동제작의 활성화를 통한 프로그램의 다양화와 전문화를 필요로 하며, 지역밀착형 프로그램의 개발과 지역민들의 지역방송 참여유도, 지리적 지역성의 속성이 많은 뉴스 저널리즘의 활성화 등을 편성․제작에 적극 반영하는 차원에서 지역성을 구현해야 한다는 것이다.