한국인 일본어학습자의 어미 악센트 상승에 관한 고찰 -북관동 지방 사투리와의 차이점을 중심으로-

키타노타카시 ( Kitano Takashi ) 한국일어일문학회 2015 일어일문학연구 Vol.94 No.1

It is necessary for Korean learners of Japanese to acquire natural intonation and accents. However, owing to limitations in actual educational settings, researchers have been unable to ascertain firm conclusions concerning the sources of Korean native-speakers’ Japanese language “UPTALK” performances existing at the end of their words. Although some researches have shown that their UPTALK is not a conscious language behavior and simply influenced by their mother language, it also appears that Korean learners imitate native Japanese speakers’ UPTALK behavior. In order to clarify that which influences Korean learners’ UPTALK, this study examines similarities and differences between Korean learners’ Japanese language performances and Northern-Kanto dialect speakers. In comparing language behaviors between these two groups of Japanese language speakers, in particular the post-positional particles, the results show clear differences providing evidence that Korean learners’ UPTALK is a language behavior influenced by their mother language but not a conscious language behavior. Focusing the comparison of language behaviors on the co-occurrence of the post-positional particles, the results show clear differences. Korean learners show UPTALKs at the case-marking particles and Japanese native speakers show UPTALKs at the conjunctive particles. Because the UPTALKs at the conjunctive particles have more conscious meaning, such differences provide evidence that Korean learners’ UPTALK is a language behavior influenced by their mother language but not a conscious language behavior. If their UPTALK is in imitation of Japanese speakers, it is not a serious problem because they can control their language behavior, but if their UPTALK is not conscious language behavior but from mother tongue language interference, the issue should be addressed by teachers in educational settings. In addition to examining influences of UPTALK, this study also examines Japanese language teachers’ perceptions of learners’ UPTALK through blind listening tests.

한국인 일본어 학습자의 어미 상승 현상의 평가기준에 관한 고찰

키타노타카시 ( Takashi Kitano ) 한국일어일문학회 2016 일어일문학연구 Vol.97 No.1

This paper describes the results of an examination how teachers of Japanese evaluate Korean Learners’ Uptalk level. Because intonation and accents are requisite to intelligible communication, it is necessary for Korean learners of Japanese to acquire natural intonation and accents. Research has thus far shown that Korean learners of Japanese tend to have Uptalks at the end of each word. However, research focused on these issues has thus far prioritized examination of the mechanisms or the elements of Uptalk, and little work toward providing acriteria of evaluation of Uptalk has been seen. In order to establish a better method for education about intonation, it is necessary for the teachers to be aware of the level of Uptalk, as intonation should be corrected within actual educational settings. This study was thus conducted in order to work toward providing a defining framework of levels of Uptalk for educators to apply/examine/reference for learner correction. An analysis on speech with many Uptalks was first conducted. In the analysis, the experiment explored relationships between increase ratios of pitch and the duration of Korean learner``s Uptalks. Through the experiment, a correlation between the increase ratio of the pitch and the duration time was revealed. Specifically, the findings revealed that these two elements have mutual affect. The findings suggest that even minor UPTALK with small increases in pitckratio should be pointed out as problematic by the educators, if the UPTALK has enough duration time. Previous research has shown that the UPTALK might give a bad impression to native speakers of Japanese. The findings of this study suggest, that even minor UPTALKs should be pointed out and corrected by teachers and provides clearer definitions of learner UPTALK for teachers to reference in order to conduct such education properly

어미 상승 현상과 조사와의 공기관계에 관한 고찰-일본어 모어화자와의 대조를 중심으로-

키타노타카시 ( Kitano Takashi ) 한국일어일문학회 2017 일어일문학연구 Vol.100 No.1

This paper describes the results of an analysis of Korean Learners` UPTALK associated with conjunctive particles. Previous researches has shown that Korean first language Japanese learner`s UPTALK is not a only conscious language behavior and that it is simply influenced by their mother language, Seoul dialect, which is known as a non-accent language. It has also been observed that Korean learners are trying to imitate native Japanese speakers` UPTALK behavior, especially among young females, as UPTALK has been observed in actual conversations. It is known by conventional researchers that Japanese native speakers tend to display UPTALKs at the conjunctive particles and the UPTALKs at the conjunctive particles seem to have more conscious meaning. Therefore, if Korean learners` UPTALKs are not present at the conjunctive particles, such would support the hypothesis that Korean learners` UPTALK is a simple language behavior influenced by their non-accent language and not a conscious language behavior. My previous research (Kitano 2015), provided evidence that Seoul dialect speakers`UPTALK is a language behavior influenced by their non-accent language but not a conscious language behavior. However, the analysis for that research, was conducted using different sample language for each participant, which may have led to inaccurate results. In order to complement previous findings, additional research was conducted using the same sample language for each participant. The results of this additional analysis shows clear differences between Korean first language Japanese learners and Japanese native speakers` use of UPTALKs`. Korean learners of Japanese show UPTALKs at the case-marking particles, while Japanese native speakers, especially young female, show their UPTALKs at the conjunctive particles. Such supports the hypothesis that Korean learners` UPTALK is a only language behavior influenced by their non-accent mother language but not a conscious language behavior.

한국인 일본어학습자의 구말 음조 패턴에 관한 고찰-일 한 동일 문장을 사용한 비교 대조-

키타노타카시 ( Kitano Takashi ) 한국일어일문학회 2019 일어일문학연구 Vol.108 No.-

The purpose of the paper is to describe the results of an examination of the UPTALK phenomenon among Korean learners, which is categorized by the pitch patterns made by Korean learners with Japanese and Korean sentences that have the same meaning. Clear similarities were demonstrated in the position and patterns of UPTALK in Japanese and Korean sentences among many of the participants. Previous researchers have also demonstrated that UPTALK among Korean learners is not a conscious language behavior and it is simply influenced by the Seoul Korean, which is known as a intonational dialect . It has also been observed that Korean learners imitate the UPTALK behavior of native Japanese speakers, especially among young females, such as when UPTALK has been observed in conversations. My previous research (Kitano 2015) provided clear evidence that Korean learners’ UPTALK is a language behavior influenced by their mother language but not a conscious language behavior, providing evidence that Koreans learning Japanese use UPTALK for case-marking particles, while Japanese native speakers mostly use UPTALK for conjunctive particles. This supports the hypothesis that Korean learners’ UPTALK is a language behavior mainly influenced by their mother language and it is not a conscious language behavior. The results of this additional analysis, which is described in this paper, indicate clear differences between the UPTALK patterns of Korean learners and Japanese native speakers. Korean learners use UPTALK with both Japanese and Korean sentences with clear similarities in the position and pattern of the UPTALK phenomenon, while Japanese native speakers use less UPTALK with Japanese sentences. This again supports the hypothesis that Korean learners’ UPTALK is a language behavior mainly influenced by their mother language but not a conscious language behavior with intended meaning of intonation