한국 가계의 소비양식 변화 연구: 1965~2016

최홍철,최현자 한국소비문화학회 2020 소비문화연구 Vol.23 No.3

Consumption patterns of households are not fixed and change with changes in the environments surrounding households. When consumption style is a way of representing the lifestyle of households, we can understand and infer how households have changed and how they will change in the context of environment. In this study, the consumption expenditure ratio of each item and the income and price elasticity of each period were calculated and compared in order to identify the changes in the consumption patterns of households over the past 50 years. For this purpose, macro data of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 1965-2016 was used. According to the analysis, the nominal consumption expenditure increased by 370 times from 8,330 won in 1965 to 3.07 million won in 2016, and increased by 10 times on a real basis. However, the consumption growth rate gradually slowed down in the 2000s. Second, over the past 50 years, the proportion of essential and non-variable items, such as food, clothing and shelter, has decreased relatively as household income has increased and consumption has increased, while the proportion of consumption for others has increased. The change in the consumption rate varied for each item depending on the emergence of new technologies, policy enforcement, or changes in the demographic structure. Third, the income elasticity of food, housing, education, and other expenditures was lower than 1, while that of FAFH, clothing, household goods, medical expenses, entertainment and culture expenses, transportation expenses, and communication expenses was higher than 1. This study examined how the consumption patterns of Korean households have changed in modern society by including all available periods (1965-2016) in the study. Through this, we wanted to understand the changes in consumption patterns of Korean households and further provide an empirical basis for future household consumption research.

로드-킬로부터 야생동물을 보호하자

최홍철,Choe, Hong-Cheol 한국환경기술인연합회 2007 환경기술인 Vol.24 No.6

한국 가계의 잠재소비유형 변화와 결정요인

최홍철,유재언 한국디지털정책학회 2020 디지털융복합연구 Vol.18 No.5

This study investigated the patterns of transition of consumption patterns in Korean households in 2010 and 2017, and the impact of the life cycle on the transition of consumption patterns between the two time points. Using information on 4,717 households from the 2010 and 2017 data of the Korean Labor Panel Survey, we examined the effect of the family life cycle on changes in consumption patterns. The results of the latent transition analysis on the change in consumption type showed that the change in consumption type between the two points of time at the household level was relatively active. The logistic regression models reported that the transition of consumption type varies depending on the life cycle, such as changes in marital status, birth and independence of children. These results provide the implication that it is necessary to consider from the perspective of the family life course how the transition between their consumption types occurs when the government establishes consumption policies and companies set marketing target groups.

선행 연구단계에서 신규 무기체계의 RAM 목표값 설정을 위한 OMS/MP 작성 연구 : 무인전투차량의 사례를 중심으로

최홍철,강태호,윤병조,이호찬 한국융합보안학회 2019 융합보안 논문지 Vol.19 No.2

RAM analysis determines the range of resources to be invested by presenting the development goals of the weapon sy stem. If the RAM analysis is not performed properly, it can cause a huge increase in business costs. While the cumulative cost ratio in the concept study is less than 1% of the total cost, 65-70% of the total lifecycle cost is determined and can't be reduced later. Therefore, RAM analysis is crucial in precedent study. When calculating the target RAM value by writin g an existing OMS/MP, new functions and the future missions are hardly considered and reflected. Therefore, this paper p roposes a method to establish OMS/MP by deriving arguments based on Delphi and Bayesian theory focusing on unmann ed combat vehicle. RAM 분석은 무기체계의 개발 목표를 제시함으로써 투입되어야 하는 재원의 범위를 결정짓는데, RAM 분석이 제대로 되 지 않을 경우 사업비용의 막대한 증가를 초래할 수 있다. 개념연구 단계에서의 누적비용비율은 총 비용대비 1%미만이지만 총 수명주기비용의 65-70%가 결정되므로 탐색개발 전 단계까지 RAM 분석이 매우 중요하다. 새로운 기술에 기반한 신규 무기체 계를 기존 방식의 OMS/MP로 작성하여 RAM 목표값을 산출하면, 미래 전장에서 적용될 신규 기능의 반영이 어렵다는 제한 사항이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 무인전투차량의 사례를 중심으로 델파이기법과 베이지안 이론을 토대로 신규 기능을 반영한 인수를 도출하여 OMS/MP를 작성하는 방법을 제시한다.

분산 네트워크 환경에서 무선 In-band backhaul을 통한 이동성 지원 방안

최홍철,구형일,김기훈,김재우,한철희,Choi, Hong-cheol,Koo, Hyung-Il,Kim, Ki-Hun,Kim, Jae-Woo,Han, Chul-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2017 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.21 No.12

기존의 상용 LTE 통신망은 도시 단위 EPC(Evolved Packet Core)에 기지국(eNodeB)을 지역 단위로 고정 배치하여 서비스를 제공한다. 하지만, 개별 노드 단위의 서비스 제공이 필요하고 이동을 전제로 하는 재난망, 군 전술망에는 적합하지 않는 구조이다. 본 논문에서는 분산된 각 노드에서 서비스가 가능하도록 기지국과 사용자 단말 그리고 EPC를 하나의 장비로 통합한 LTE 시스템을 제안하고, 노드 간 통신을 위해 M2M(Machine to Machine) 타입의 사용자 단만을 노드 단위로 탑재하여 무선 In-band backhaul 링크를 구성하였다. 제안된 시스템에서는 LTE의 모든 구성 항목들이 하나로 통합되어 있어 일반 사용자 단말 접속 후 이동하여 접속된 노드가 바뀌면 IP 앵커가 되는 P-GW의 변경이 필요하다. 노드 간 이동성 지원을 위해 UPFE(User Packet Forwarding Extension)방식을 정의하고 P-GW가 변경되어도 이동성을 지원하는 EPC의 핸드오버 절차를 구현하였다. 또한, 통합 LTE 시스템에서 구현된 핸드오버 절차 대하여 통신 노드 추가에 따른 Cell Range를 분석하고 기존 시스템과의 핸드오버 지연시간을 비교한다. The current LTE network system provides service by locally allocating eNodeB to the EPC(Evolved Packet Core). However, it is not suitable for inter-node communication based on the distributed network environment. In this paper, we propose an integrated system by configuring E-UTRAN and EPC as All-In-One type to enable service in each distributed node. M2M UE is mounted on a each node for wireless In-band backhaul link. The integrated node provides inter-node communication over the wireless in-band backhaul link. If a normal UE moves and an access node changes in the system all entities of LTE integrated into one, it is necessary to change the P-GW which is IP anchor. In order to support the inter-node mobility even if P-GW is changed, We defined UPFE(User Packet Forwarding Extension) scheme and implemented the handover procedure of EPC. Also, we analyze the cell range of the integrated LTE system with the addition of the node and compare the handover delay with the current system.

인터뷰 : "국가관리항 평택항, 적극적 정부 재정지원 시급"

최홍철 한국해사문제연구소 2013 (月刊)海洋韓國 Vol.2013 No.2

에너지 하베스팅을 위한 쿼드로터의 퍼칭 메커니즘 연구

최홍철,신내호 한국로봇학회 2018 로봇학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.3

Quadrotor with limited flight time due to battery level can have the extended mission life by applying energy harvesting technology. Bio-inspiration from the birds' locomotion of flight and perch-and-stare can make energy consumption efficient, and energy harvesting technology can generate energy. In order to charge the battery with solar power, the drones are required to be in a position without shade. In the mountainous terrain, a novel mechanism is required in order to be located stably at the top of the tree or the inclined rock. In this study, we propose an analysis of the origami structure and the concept design of the perching mechanism with two stable equilibrium states. The origami structure composed of compliant material can be applied to the perching mechanism that can be locked passively. Moreover, the experimental results of the trajectory and perching test are discussed.

객관적-주관적계층 차이 변화의 결정요인

최홍철,유재언 한국문화융합학회 2022 문화와 융합 Vol.44 No.10

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of changes in the perception of objective and subjective classes of Korean households. In particupar, this study focused on the cause of the decline in the subjective class perception, which was relatively high compared to the objective class among the various class changes. Using data from the 2010 (13th) to 2018 (21st) survey of the Korea Labor Panel, descriptive statistics and random effect panel logistic regression models were analyzed for 6,051 households (the number of observed cases = 42,778). The analysis result showed that not only the amount of income but also the stability of income had a significant effect on the perception change of the subjective class. Non-wage income, assets, and household debt also affected the decline in the subjective class. These results suggest that education on financial management including various income sources, real estate, assets, and household debt should be strengthened.

한국가계의 소비시기 구분과 소비시기별 소비양식 연구: 1965년~2016년

최홍철 ( Choi¸ Hongcheol ),최현자 ( Choe¸ Hyuncha ) 한국소비자학회 2020 소비자학연구 Vol.31 No.6

본 연구는 지난 50년간 소비양식이 변화하는 지점을 기준으로 시기를 구분하여 각 시기간 소비양식을 비교하여 봄으로써 시대에 따라 특징적으로 나타나는 소비양식 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 소비시기를 구분하기 위하여 변화점분석(Change Point Analysis)을 실시하였다. 변화점분석시, 총소비지출액과 비목별 소비지출비중의 평균과 분산에 차이가 생기는 지점을 변화점으로 탐색하였으며, 이후 본 연구에 적합하도록 변화점 개수를 조정하여 최종적으로 소비시기를 결정하였다. 이후 각 소비시기의 소비양식의 차이를 소비규모, 소비지출비중, 소득탄력성의 3측면에서 분석하였으며, 자료는 1965년부터 2016년까지의 통계청 가계동향조사(연자료)를 사용하였다. 분석결과 우리나라 가계의 소비시기는 총소비지출액을 기준으로 1965-1973년, 1974-1987년, 1988-2002년, 2003-2012년, 2013-2016년의 5시기로 구분되었으며 각 시기는 시기별 소비양식 특성을 고려하여 필요충족소비기, 서비스소비전환기, 문화향유소비기, 소비성숙기, 소비정체기로 명명하였다. 필요충족소비기에는 의식주 비중이70%를 넘어 소비의 대부분이 생계유지를 위해 지출되고 있었다. 서비스소비전환기에는 외식 등 서비스 소비지출비중이 크게 증가하기 시작하였다. 외식비 등 서비스소비의 증가는 우리나라 가구구조변화, 과학기술의 발전, 여성의 사회진출 증가 등에 기인한다. 문화향유소비기인 3시기에는 오락문화 소비가 증가하고, 자동차소비가 급증하면서 여가생활영역이 확대되는 모습을 보였다. 4시기는 소비성숙기로, 이 시기에는 가정내 식사 비중이 계속해서 감소하고 의식주 이외의 비목에 대한 소비지출비중이 증가하였다. 그러나 이전의 시기들에서와 같이 소비구조 변화가 급격히 이루어지기보다는 완만하게 이루어졌다. 마지막 시기는 소비정체기로, 이전시기 대비 소비지출규모의 증가가 둔화되었고 평균소비성향은 2016년의 경우 71%대까지 낮아져 외환위기 이후 가장 낮은 수치를 보였다. 특히 이시기는 비목간 비중의 변화가 큰 변화 없이 일정할 뿐만 아니라 소득탄력적인 비목의 수도 다른 시기에 비해 적게 나타나는 등 전반적으로 큰 변화를 보이지 않는 특징을 보였다. 후속 연구에서는 최근의 코로나-19팬데믹으로 인한 경기침체와 맞물려 이러한 소비정체기가 어느 정도 지속될지 그리고 가계소비양식에는 어떠한 영향을 미칠지에 대한 연구가 요구된다. Consumption is achieved by allocating household resources to various goods in order to achieve household goals, and the consumption pattern is the way in which the consumed items are intrinsically structured. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in consumption patterns of Korean households over the past 50 years. Especially, it attempted to analyze the characteristics of consumption patterns of each period by comparing the consumption patterns of each period by dividing the periods based on the points where the consumption styles were changed. Change Point Analysis was conducted to distinguish consumption periods. The number of change points was adjusted to fit the study and finally the consumption period was determined. After that, the differences in consumption patterns between consumption periods in terms of consumption expenditures, consumption expenditure composition, and income elasticity were analyzed. The main results is that the consumption period of Korean households is divided into five periods of 1965-1973, 1974-1987, 1988-2002, 2003-2012, and 2013-2016 based on consumption patterns, and each period was named as ‘The Period of Consumption to meet needs’, ‘The Period of Transition to Service Consumption’, ‘The Period of Culture-Oriented Consumption’, ‘The Period of Consumption Maturity’, and ‘The Period of Underconsumption’ considering the characteristic of consumption style of each period. In ‘The Period of Consumption to meet needs’, more than 70% was spent on food and shelf items. This means that most of the consumption was spent for sustenance in this period. In ‘The Period of Transition to Service Consumption’, the proportion of consumption of services such as FAFH began to increase significantly. In ‘The Period of Culture-Oriented Consumption’, consumption on Leisure increased from the previous period, and also the purchase of cars increased, so that the leisure area expanded. During ‘The Period of Consumption Maturity’, the proportion of home meals decreased continuously, whereas the proportion of consumption of non-food items increased. In ‘The Period of Underconsumption’, consumption expenditure slowed compared to the previous period, and the average propensity to consume (APC) fell to 71%, the lowest level since the financial crisis in 1997.

20․30대 1인가구의 소비지출양식에 관한 연구

최홍철(Choi, Hong Cheol),김소연(Kim, So Yun),나종연(Rha, Jong-Youn),최현자(Choe, Hyun Cha) 한국소비문화학회 2016 소비문화연구 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 20․30대 1인가구의 소비지출양식을 살펴봄으로써 그들의 선호와 욕구를 파악하고, 이를 통해 그들의 삶의 방식을 이해하는 동시에 지출비목간 분배의 적정성을 고찰함으로써 이들의 경제적 복지를 높일 수 있는 방안을 제언하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1인가구가 각 소비지출비목에 대해 어떻게 주어진 자원을 배분하는지 살펴보고, 소비지출비중을 중심으로 유형화하여 각 유형별 특성을 살펴본 후, 각 유형을 결정하는 요인이 무엇인지 알아보았다. 특히 조사대상과 동일한 연령대의 다인가구를 비교집단으로 선정하여 이들과 구별되는 1인가구만의 소비지출양식의 차이점을 더 명확히 살펴보고자 하였다. 2014년도 가계동향조사를 분석한 결과 요약 및 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 20․30대의 1인가구와 다인가구는 비목별 소비지출비중에서는 교통, 통신, 기타상품및서비스를 제외한 나머지 9개 비목에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 비목별 소비지출액에서는 식료품및비주류음료, 주류및담배, 주거및수도광열, 교육, 음식숙박 등에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 1인가구의 소비지출유형은 대외활동중심형, 교통비중심형, 주거비중심형, 의식주중심형, 자아추구중심형으로 유형화되어, 다인가구와는 교통비중심 형, 주거비중심형과 같은 유사한 소비지출유형이 도출된 동시에 대외활동중심형, 자아추구중심형이나 의식주중심형과 같이 다인가구와는 구별되는 1인가구만의 특성을 보여주는 유형이 도출되었다. 셋째, 1인가구와 다인가구의 소비지출유형 모두에서 교통비중심형, 주거비중심형이 공통으로 도출되었으나 1인가구와 다인가구 사이에 유사한 소비지출양식을 보이는 유형이라 할지라도 지출비중이나 유형을 구성하는 구성원의 사회인구학적 특성에서는 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 1인가구의 소비지출양식 유형을 결정하는 요인은 성별, 대졸학력여부, 종사상지위가 기타․무직인지 여부, 월세거주 여부, 기타형태 거주 여부 등인 것으로 나타났다 This study is to investigate the consumption expenditure patterns of single-person households in their 20s and 30s to shed light on their preferences and needs, to understand their ways of life, to consider the appropriateness of allocation across the expenditure items, and ultimately to suggest alternatives for enhancing their economic welfare. To those ends, this study examines how single-person households allocate their given resources to each consumption expenditure item, classifies the consumption expenditure items into different types based on their importance, characterizes each type, and delves into the determinants for each type. In particular, an age-matched control group of multi-person households is selected to clarify any differences between the controls and the single-person households in terms of consumption expenditure patterns. In summary, the findings are as follows. First, significant differences are found in 9 items excluding transport, communication and other items of the consumption expenditure between single-person and multi-person households in their 20s and 30s. Also, in view of the amount allocated to each consumption expenditure item, significant differences are found in groceries and non-alcoholic drinks, alcoholic drinks and cigarettes, housing and water/light/heat, education, and food and accommodation. Second, single-person households' consumption expenditure is classified into different types, i. e. external activities, transportation expenses, housing expenses, food/clothing/shelter and self-realization. Single-person households parallel multi-person households in terms of the types focused on external activities, transportation expenses and housing expenses. In contrast, the single-person households differ from the multi-person counterparts in that the types focused on self-realization and food/clothing/shelter are derived from the former. Third, although the types focused on external activities, transportation expenses and housing expenses are commonly derived from the consumption expenditure types of both single- and multi-person households, which indicates similar consumption expenditure patterns between the two groups, the socio-demographic characteristics that constitute the importance or types of expenditure differ between the two. Fourth, the determinants for single-person households' consumption expenditure patterns include gender, university education, employment status (unemployment or other), monthly housing rent, and other types of residence, whereas those for multi-person households are age, gender, income, education, employment status and residence types.