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스마트TV향 VoIP 컨퍼런스 기능을 위한 잡음제거 알고리즘의 성능비교
서광덕(Seo, Kwang-duk),최홍재(Choi, Hong-Jae),김형국(Kim, Hyoung-Gook) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2011 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.7
본 논문에서는 스마트TV향 VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol) 컨퍼런스 기능을 위한 잡음제거 알고리즘의 성능비교 하였다. 기존에 연구 되어져 있는 Improved Minima Controlled Recursive Averaging(IMCRA)방식과 Gaussian분포 기반의 잡음제거 알고리즘, IMCRA방식과 Gamma분포 기반의 잡음제거 알고리즘, IMCRA방식과 Mel-filter를 적용한 잡음제거 알고리즘, R&L 알고리즘들의 방식을 비교하였으며, 성능 비교를 위해 각 알고리즘을 통해 나온 다양한 잡음 환경에서의 잡음이 제거된 신호의 PESQ와 연산속도를 비교한다.
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각종 간질환에 있어서 이상 Prothrombin (des-γ-Carboxyprothrombin)에 관한 연구
이혁우,정경섭,김원호,한광협,정재복,이상인,박인서,최홍재,도윤정,윤홍섭 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.38 No.4
The absence of vitamin K or the ingestion of vitamin K antagonists inhibits vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity in the liver, and an abnormal prothrombin, known as des-y-carboxyprothrombin(DCP) or PIVKA -Ⅱ(a protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists-Ⅱ), is released into the blood. In order to evaluate whether abnormal prothrombin levels can be clinically used as an index of hepatocellular dysfunction or as a tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma(HHC), DCP levels were determined by a latex agglutination test in 20 normal subjects and in patients with various liver diseases, including 70 hepatocellular carcinoma, sever metastatic liver disease, 45 liver cirrhosis, 13 acute viral hepatitisB, six chronic active hepatitis B, three fatty liver and one liver abscess. The usefulness of the combination assay of DCP and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) levels to improve the diagnostic value and the effects of vitamin K administration on DCP levels were assessed in the present study. The results obtained were as follows: 1) DCP was detected in 42 out of 70 patients with HCC(60.0%), in three seven patients with metastatic liver disease(42.9%), in 23 out of 45 patients with liver cirrhosis(51.1%), and in one out of six patients with chronic active hepatitisb(16.7%), but there was no detectable DCP among the 20 healthy control subjects or in the 13 acute viral hepatitis B, three fatty liver and one liver abscess cases. 2) The detection rates of DCP according to the size of the HCC were 66.7% in the larger-than 5㎝ size and 44.4% in the 3~5㎝ size, but there was no detection in four patients with smaller-than 3㎝ size. The detection rates of DCP according to Child’s classification of liver cirrhosis were 60% in class C and 25% in class B, but there was no detection in two patients in class A. 3) There was no significant correlation between DCP and AFP levels. However, DCP was also detected 62.5% in less than 400ng/㎖ of AFP, and the positive rates were 91.0% in higher than 400ng/㎖ of AFP or higher than 1:10(+) of DCP in patients with HCC. 4) The detection rate of DCP was 56.8% in liver cirrhosis patients with prolonged prothrombin time(PT). However, 61.4% was detected in HCC patients with normal levels of prothrombin time(PT). 5) On observation of the effectiveness of vitamin K administration on DCP level, are was no effectiveness of vitamin K administration in all patients with 13 HCC, but the DCP level decreased or was not detected in seven out of nine patients with liver cirrhosis after vitamin K administration (p<0.05). Based on these results, DCP determined by a latex agglutination test may be useful as an index of hepatocellular dysfunction. However, due to the lower sensitivity and specificity of the latex agglutination test, it is doubtful whether DCP is a definite tumor marker of HCC. But the combination assay of AFP and DCP is helpful for obtaining an increased diagnostic rate of HCC. We recommended comparison of the effectiveness of vitamin K administration on DCP concentrations during the follow-up observation of chronic liver disease, such as liver cirrhosis, for increasing the diagnostic rate of HCC. Further study utilizing methods such as RIA or ELISA might be needed to evaluate the usefulness of DCP as a tumor marker for HCC.
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