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최홍원 한국언어문학회 2024 한국언어문학 Vol.126 No.-
This study began with fundamental questions and doubts about the utility and value of classical literature amidst the rapid development of science and technology, increasing social demands, and the resulting changes in literary environments and conditions. Breaking away from the obsession with processing and transformation into content, this study attempted to derive the corresponding direction and tasks of classical literature by exploring the relationship and mediation point between classical literature of the past and modern content. Development is being driven by external changes represented by content, but this is due to the awareness of the problem that fundamental consideration and reflection on the relationship between content and classical literature has not been properly carried out. Considering this research purpose and background, this study does not simply analyze and introduce actual cases of content development, but also seeks to expand the horizon of awareness of classical literature through content, and explores the approach of classical literature for content. As such, actual lecture cases and results that produce and develop content based on classical literature correspond to materials for such exploration, and the content acts as a new perspective and channel to inspect the enjoyment of classical literature and education in general. Chapter 2 looked at changes and adjustments in the classical literature ecosystem, largely exploring the media environment and literary conditions, subjects and education of enjoyment, and aspects of classical literature and enjoyment. It examined the media environment and literary conditions in which the past is newly recalled in a reversible and non-chronological time and space, and confirmed the emergence of a new enjoyment subject represented by ‘Phono Sapiens’ and changes in education represented by agency. Amid these changes, attention was paid to ‘defamiliarized pleasure.’ In Chapter 3, the planning and design of the ‘Classical Literature and Cultural Contents(Capstone Design)’ lecture was introduced and the results were analyzed. By typing it into an optional simulation game type, a test type for type diagnosis, and a digital platform utilization type, the production process and results were examined, and achievements and tasks were derived. The relationship between classical literature and content was newly established, and tasks were derived from both aspects of classical literature and content. First, ‘through’ the content, this study derived and reconceptualized ‘doing literature’, which emphasizes the recipient’s active participation and performance and attempted to shift from the existing empathy to response through this. Second, ‘for the sake of’ content, while being wary of the materialization and schematization of interpretation of classical literature, divergence of acceptance was suggested as a method that could lead to new discoveries of the subject and the world.
교과서 수록 제재를 통한 고려속요 교육의 인식과 변화의 도정- 2015 개정 교육과정을 중심으로 -
최홍원 한국어교육학회 2022 국어교육 Vol.- No.177
This study extracted educational recognition and perspectives on Goryeo Sokyo(高麗俗謠), and identified problems and solutions. Attention was paid to the fact that the materials in textbooks are an effective way to approach the reality and phenomenon of education. Through the system and aspects of the 2015 revised Korean and literary textbooks, the inherent educational recognition was derived, and critically checked and reviewed. Based on this, the potential and realization of change in literary education was examined and educational alternatives were sought. Goryeo Sokyo(高麗俗謠) materials in textbooks exhibit a general aspect of classical literature works that continue to decrease and shrink. While dominant materials such as “Gashiri” and “Seogyeongbyeolgok(西京別曲)” emerged and became cannons, it also showed the process of exclusion and ups and downs of existing materials such as “Cheongsanbyeolgok(靑山別曲)” and “Dongdong(動動)”. This aspect in the textbook was firstly derived from the inclination and bias toward cultural heritage and literary history for Goryeo Sokyo(高麗俗謠), and secondly, following and strengthening the content and form of national literature. As a practical study that leads future classical poetry to change education, the potential and realization of changes in literary education were explored through the materials and learning activities of textbooks. The problems of open discourse and multiplicity of text meanings were investigated for “Gashiri” and “Cheongsanbyeolgok(靑山別曲)”, and through this, various applications of Goryeo Sokyo(高麗俗謠) and the expansion of educational experience were sought. In addition, by changing the perspective on literature, expanding the use of materials as a literary activity was suggested, and the possibility of realization was examined for “Seogyeongbyeolgok(西京別曲)” and “Jeongeupsa(井邑詞).” "이 연구는 교과서 수록 제재가 교육의 실체와 현상에 접근하는 효과적인 통로가 된다는 점에 주목하여, 고려속요 제재를 통해 고전시가에 대한 교육적 인식과 관점을 추출하고 문제점과 해결 방안을 모색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 2015 개정 국어, 문학교과서의 수록 편재와 양상을 자료로 그 속에 내재된 교육적 인식을 도출하고 비판적으로 점검, 검토하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 문학교육의 변화 가능태와 실현태를 살피고 교육적 대안을 모색하였다. 교과서에 수록된 고려속요 제재는 수록 비중이 지속적으로 감소하고 위축되는 고전문학 제재의 일반적 양상을 나타내고 있다. <가시리>, <서경별곡>으로 대표되는 지배적 제재가 부상하고 정전화되는 한편, <청산별곡>, <동동>과 같은 기존 제재의 이탈과 부침의 과정도 보여주고 있다. 이러한 수록 양상은 고려속요 제재에 대해 문화유산과 문학사로의 경도와 편향, 민족문학으로서의 내용 및 형식의 답습과 강화에서 비롯된 것으로 분석되었다. 다음으로 미래 고전시가 교육의 변화를 견인하는 실천적 연구로서, 실제 교과서의 제재와 학습활동을 통해 문학교육의 변화 가능태와 실현태를 살폈다. <가시리>와 <청산별곡>을 대상으로 담론의 개방과 텍스트 의미의 다기성 문제를 살폈고, 이를 통해 고려속요 제재의 다양한 활용과 교육적 경험의 확장을 도모하였다. 또한 문학에 대한 관점의 전환을 통해 문학 활동의 질료로서 제재 활용의 외연 확장을 제언하였고, <서경별곡>과 <정읍사>를 대상으로 실현 가능성을 살폈다. "
최홍원 한국어문학회 2024 어문학 Vol.- No.166
이 연구는 미래 사회와 교육 조건의 변화로 인해 고전문학의 존재 가치가 위협받는 상황에서 영상을 매개로 시조에 대한 새로운 이해와 접근을 시도함으로써, 다매체 시대에 대응하는 고전문학의 방향성을 모색하고 교육의 변화를 제언하였다. 변화된 향유 조건과 맥락 속에서 시조가 어떻게 대응해야 하는지에 대한 문제의식에서 출발하여, 미디어 환경에 유의하면서 시조 양식을 새롭게 이해하고 시조로 소통할 수 있는 능력의 함양과 경험의 확장을 도모하려 한 것이다. 이를 위해 영상에서 화면을 구성하는 미장센이 시조와 영상을 연계하여 하나의 관계망을 형성하는매개로 작동할 수 있다는 점에 주목하였다. 시조와 영상의 관계와 접점을 탐색하는 과정을 통해 영상을 매개로 문학을 탐구하는 연구 방법론을 모색하였다. <문학과 영상>의 교과목에서 보듯, 언어가 매체와 영상의 영역으로 확대되는 만큼 단순히 시조와 영상을 평면적으로 비교 분석하는 일에서 벗어나 시조 작품을 새롭게 이해하고 경험할 수 있는 방법적 계기를 마련하고자 하였다. 이에 따라 시조에 동원되는 대상을 장면으로 구성하여 의미화하는 지점에 주목하였다. 다음으로 미장센을 통해 시조 속 대상이 하나의 이미지로서 장면을 구성하고, 이러한 장면이 작품 전체의 주제와 의미를 구성하는 양상을 살폈다. 미장센은 시조 작품에 연출된 여러 대상의 이미지를 분석하고 정서와 주제를 포착하는 하나의 관점으로 기능하였다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 시조 속에서 미장센의 의미작용 양상을 두 층위로 살폈다. 첫째, 시조의 구조와 양식의 측면에서 대상을 통한 주제 견인의 삼단 구조를 밝혔다. 둘째, 시조의 의미 구성의 측면에서 장면의 구성과 이미지의 의미 분화 양상을 탐색하였다. 끝으로, 시조의 수용과 교육의 측면에서 연출자로서의 시선을 통한 비판적, 창의적 수용의 문제를 제언하였다. In a situation where the existence value of classical literature is threatened due to changes in future society and educational conditions, this study attempts a new understanding and approach to Sijo[ ] through vision, the direction of classical literature in 時調 response to the multimedia era was sought and changes in education were suggested. Starting from a critical awareness of how Sijo[ ] should respond in changing conditions and contexts of 時調 enjoyment, the aim was to gain a new understanding of Sijo[ ] 時調 styles while paying attention to the media environment, and to cultivate the ability to communicate through Sijo[ ] and expand 時調 experience. To this end, this study focused on the fact that the mise-en-scène that composes the screen in the vision can act as a medium to form a network of relationships by linking the Sijo[ ] 時調 and the vision. First, a research methodology for exploring literature through vision was sought through the process of exploring the relationship and contact points between Sijo[ ] and vision. As seen in the 時調 subject of <Literature and Vision>, as language expands into the realm of media and vision, a methodological opportunity has been created to go beyond simply comparing and analyzing Sijo[ ] and 時調 vision on a two-dimensional basis to understand and experience Sijo[ ] works in a new way. Accordingly, attention was paid to the point where the object mobilized in Sijo[ ] was organized into a 時調 scene and made meaningful through vision. Next through mise-en-scène, the object in the poem constitutes a scene as an image, and the aspect in which this scene constitutes the theme and meaning of the entire work was examined. Mise-en-scène functioned as a perspective to analyze the images of various objects presented in Sijo[ ] works and capture emotions 時調 and themes. Based on this discussion, the signification aspects of mise-en-scène in Sijo[ ] were examined at two levels. First, in 時調 terms of the structure and style of Sijo[ ], the three-stage 時調 structure of subject attraction through object was revealed. Second, in terms of the meaning composition of the Sijo[ ], the 時調 composition of the scene and the meaning differentiation pattern of the image were explored. Lastly, in terms of acceptance and education of Sijo[ ], the 時調 issue of critical and creative acceptance through the perspective of a director was suggested.
최홍원 서울大學校 師範大學 國語敎育科 2005 先淸語文 Vol.33 No.-
This study aims to define the relationship between korean language education and media. Furthermore, through it, I want to look for the way of media education in future and the potential of Korean language education. The ultimate objective of this study lies in seeking expansion of horizon and foundation of Korean language education through media because it can be power to view contents of korean language education as new one with concept and system unlike before. First of all, in this, the concept of media is defined as a medium which enables people to transmit meaning and consists of spoken, written and electron means. This definition lets us see problems of Korean language education from point of media. In addition, the idea that media affect thought of human beings beyond means of expression suggests that we view things culturally. According to it, it can be confirmed that Korean language education has become laying stress mainly on written media. Media can propose a new vision for systematization of Korean language education by establishing scopes which are made up of viewing and representing. Besides, it is expected that we can form productive subjects through prismatic perceptions about language. However, there are actual problems in developing contents of electron media education: effect of techniques, changing rate of advent and decline, interruption of things the outside of language and so on. After all, it means that we should follow principle education based on the property rather than manuals about concrete realization, As one example of this possibility, in this study, the work whose target is to find out attribute and meaning of media has been proceeded based on the Roman Jakobson's communication model.
삶의 문제와 가치 실현으로서 가객 시조의 문학교육적 탐구 ㅡ 김천택의 시조를 대상으로
최홍원 한국시조학회 2024 시조학논총 Vol.60 No.-
이 연구는 가객 시조에 대한 이해가 조선 후기 문학사와 연결된 거시적 담론에 압도된 나머지, 정작 문학이 현실의 문제 사태에 대한 주체의 가치 실현이라는 공리를 간과하고 있다는 반성에서 출발하였다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 가객 시조의 교육적 가치와 의의를 탐색하고 교육 내용을 제언하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위한 연구 자료로 김천택의 시조 작품을 설정하였다. 2장에서는 김천택 시조의 작품 세계가 지닌 다기성을 살피고, 문학사에 경도된 교육의 국면을 추적함으로써 그동안 가객 시조에 대한 이해와 접근이 편향되어 있었음을 확인하였다. 이를 해결하기 위해 삶의 문제에 대한 주체의 가치 실현이라는 관점을 마련하여, 문학의 의미와 효용을 살피고자 하였다. 이러한 관점에서 가객 시조의 다기성은 삶의 조건에서 비롯되는 갈등을 해결하는 상이한 방식에서 비롯된 것으로 보고, 표현동기와 전달동기의 측면에서 양상을 분석하고 유형화하였다. 이에 따라 3장에서는 삶의 문제에 대한 가객 시조의 대응 양상을 ‘갈등의 드러냄과 언어적 해결’, ‘갈등의 숨김과 동경 세계의 구축’, ‘청중의 욕망과 가치의 실현’으로 도출하였다. 이러한 탐색을 통해 문학사와 작자에 경도된 기존의 문학교육론에서 벗어나, 학습자 중심의 문학 활동으로서 새로운 교육 내용을 탐구하였다. 삶의 문제와 주체의 가치 실현은 가객 시조와 국어/문학 능력을 연결하고 매개하는 관점으로 기능하여 ‘문학의 본질’, ‘문학의 기능’, ‘문학에 대한 태도’의 교육을 새롭게 제언하였다. This study started from the reflection that the understanding of Gagaek Sijo [歌客 時調] is so overwhelmed by the macro discourse connected to the literary history of the late Joseon Dynasty [朝鮮] that it overlooks the axiom that literature is the realization of the value of the subject in response to problems in reality. Based on this critical awareness, the goal of this study was to newly explore the educational value and significance of Gagaek Sijo and suggest educational content. For this purpose, Kim Cheon-taek’s [金天澤] Sijo [時調] works were used as research materials. Section 2 examines the multiplicity of Kim Cheon-taek’s [金天澤] world of Sijo [時調] and traces the phases of education focused on literary history, confirming that the understanding and approach to Gagaek Sijo [歌客 時調] has been biased. To solve this problem, this study sought to examine the meaning and utility of literature by establishing a perspective of realizing the subject’s values regarding life’s problems. From this perspective, the multiplicity of Gagaek Sijo [歌客 時調] was seen as originating from different ways of resolving conflicts arising from life conditions, and the problems of life and features of value realization were analyzed and categorized in terms of motivation for expression and transmission. Accordingly, in Section 3, the responses of Gagaek Sijo [歌客 時調] to the problems of life are derived as “revealing and verbally resolving conflict,” “hiding conflict and constructing a world of longing,” and “realizing the audience’s desires and values.” Through this exploration, it is possible to break away from the existing literature education theory focused on literary history and authors and propose new educational content as a learner-centered literary activity. The realization of the subject’s value for life’s problems operates from a perspective that connects and mediates Gagaek Sijo [歌客 時調] and Korean language/literature skills, and based on this, education of “the essence of literature," “function of literature,” and “attitude toward literature” is provided.
시조 ‘3장 6구’와 ‘종장 첫 구’의공서(共棲)와 시조 연구의 과제 —시조 형식론과 율격론을 다시 살피다—
최홍원 국어문학회 2018 국어문학 Vol.67 No.-
This study aims at focussing on that there is difference in the scope and object of the terms about ‘three Jang six Gu[3章6句]’ and ‘the first Gu of Jongjang[終章1句]’, which are the key concepts to account for the fixed form of Sijo[時調]. I set a goal to solve the problem by tracing the historical origin. In the process of analyzing the materials of the Sijo[時 調] study of the beginning stage, I clarify that the ‘first Gu of Jongjang [終章1句]’ is a meter unit based on syllabic meter of three letters while the Gu[句] of ‘three Jang six Gu[3章6句]’ is a unit to have one meaning. I arrive at a conclusion that there have been a variety of Gu[句] concepts in Sijo[時調], for example, six Gu[6句], twelve Gu[12句], and eight Gu[8 句], and they are derived from different backgrounds and awareness one another. I try to solve the problem through distinguishing meters and units of meaning by adding terms and concepts like foot, Madi and Tomak, in addition to existing Gu[句]. I conclude that new understanding is needed beyond the characteristics of meters because the first Madi of Jongjang [終章] functions as the essence of Sijo esthetics. I especially pay attention to the truth that the first Madi of Jongjang[終章] applies to an independent Jang in Kagok-chang[歌曲唱] and look into the effect and function in the meaning dimension. Accordingly, I suggest that there should be an attempt to explain the esthetic effect of the first Madi of Jongjang as a new perspective and concept like Kagok-chang[歌曲唱]. I hope that this study might examine and criticize the outcome of the Sijo research academically which was conventionally accepted and kept for the most part in the meanwhile and could be a little chance to be embodied to appropriate theories and terms about the explanations of Sijo[時調] which were stated in the abstract and normative dimension. 이 연구는 시조의 정형성을 설명하는 핵심적인 두 개념, ‘3장 6구’와 ‘종장첫 구’가 공서(共棲)되어 구가 가리키는 범위에 차이가 존재하는 점에서 출발하여, 문제의 역사적 연원을 추적하고 그동안의 해결 방안과 대안을 살펴보았다. 이러한 과정을 통해 시조 형식론과 율격론을 재검토하고 새로운 관심을 불러일으키고자 하였다. 용어 사용의 문제점을 제기하고 이를 해결하는소극적인 차원 혹은 과거 연구사의 복원과 재구에서 벗어나, 현상의 저층에가로놓여 있는 시조 형식론과 율격론을 다시 들추어내고 이에 대한 새로운접근 가능성을 모색하는 데 연구의 주된 목적을 두었다. 우선 초창기 시조 연구의 자료를 분석하는 과정을 통해 ‘3장 6구’에서 구가 하나의 의미 내용을 가진 의미적 단위인데 반해, ‘종장 첫 구’의 경우 3자의 자수율에 따른 율격적 단위에 해당하는 것임을 살폈다. 6구, 12구, 8구와같이 시조에서 구 개념이 다양하게 존재하였고, 이들이 서로 다른 배경과 인식 속에서 배태된 것임을 도출하였다. 이러한 문제에 대해 그동안 구 이외에 절, 음보, 마디, 토막과 같은 용어와 개념을 추가함으로써 율격과 의미 단위의 변별을 통한 문제 해결이 시도된 바 있다. 그러나 이 연구에서는 단순히 용어의 변별과 교체를 제안하는데 그치지 않고, 종장의 첫 마디가 시조 미학의 핵심적 기능을 수행하는 만큼 율격적 특질을 넘어선 새로운 이해와 접근이 필요하다는 결론에 도달하게 되었다. 특히 종장의 첫 마디가 가곡창에서는 독립된 하나의 장에 해당한다는 사실에 주목하여, 율격뿐만 아니라 의미 국면에서의 효과와 기능도 살폈다. 이에 따라 종장의 첫 마디는 율격적 단위이면서 의미적 기능도 갖는만큼, 새로운 관점과 개념으로 미학적 효과를 설명하는 시도가 뒤따라야 함을 촉구하였다. 이로써 그동안 상당 부분 관습적으로 수용, 답습되었던 시조 연구의 성과를 학문적으로 점검하고 재검토하며, 추상적‧당위적 차원에서 진술되었던 시조의 설명을 엄정하고 적확한 이론과 용어로 구체화하는 작은 계기가 되기를 희망한다.
주세붕 <오륜가>의 표현 전략 연구 -교훈시조 작품군과의 비교를 중심으로-
최홍원 한국언어문학회 2013 한국언어문학 Vol.84 No.-
This study aims at probing Ju Sebung’s Oryunga from the viewpoints of expression and communication. I pay attention to the reality that there has been focused on the aspect of the uniformity of the contents and conveyance about didactic sijo for a long time and its literary value has been underestimated. Thus, the objective is looking at its meaning with fresh eyes from the perspective of message and persuasion. Such critical minds give rise to the expression strategy and effects as follows. Those are 1) the effect of figuration and materialization through the presentation and utilization of characters, 2) the effect of appropriateness and justification of opinions through negative assumption, and 3) the effect of getting rid of repulsion and euphemistic voice expression through making use of various endings. As mentioned above, Ju Sebung’s Oryunga shows a variety of expression strategies in the worries about audiences and sijo genre. Accordingly, it boosts the effect of conveyance and persuasion. It is time to reconsider its meaning and status in the history of Korean poetry in that it carries out a role to bear various expression strategies and methods of didactic sijo.
동질성과 이질성의 길항과 통일 문학교육의 도정 - 교육과정과 교과서를 통해 본 통일 문학교육의 방향과 과제 -
최홍원 한국문학교육학회 2019 문학교육학 Vol.0 No.62
This study is planned as a part of discussion about literature education in preparation for reunification. It aims at seeking for perspectives for plans of reunification literature education based on heterogeneity of literature education in South and North Korea. Approaches toward reunification literature education are examined carefully through revised curriculums and textbooks in North Korea. Also, above all, after analyzing literature curriculums of North Korea, three characteristics are drawn as flows. Aspects of aims and objectives : unchanged political subordination and sprouts into the essence of literature Aspects of areas and organization : disappeared literature area and integrated literature-driven organization Aspects of textbook development and teaching-learning : central control and biased political thought Next, as a result of analyzing the textbooks, 『Korean Literature』 of North Korea, I find out both homogeneity and heterogeneity in modern literature, classical literature and world literature in the aspect of contents included in the textbooks and learning activities. As considerable differences and gaps as well as common elements are discovered through analyzing curriculums and textbooks of South and North Korea, it is time to shift educational points of view from exiting traditional democracy to cross-culturalism. Based on the shift, people should recognize the true nature of ethnic homogeneity and cultural heterogeneity in the reunification literature education and need to develop a new curriculum in the contention. At this point, a transformation approach can be a specific method in the plan and development. 이 연구는 통일을 대비한 문학교육 논의의 일환에서 기획된 것으로, 남북한 문학교육의 이질성에 주목하여 통일 문학교육의 기획과 설계를 위한 시각과 관점을 탐색하는 데 주된 목표를 두었다. 이를 위해 최근 개정된 북한의 교육과정과 교과서를 대상으로 북한 문학교육의 실태와 현황을 진단함으로써 통일 문학교육에 대한 접근 시각을 점검하고 새로운 관점으로의 전환을 꾀하고자 하였다. 먼저 북한의 문학 교육과정을 분석하여 다음과 같은 세 특질을 도출하였다. 1. 목적과 목표의 측면: 여전한 정치적 예속과 문학의 본질로의 맹아 2. 영역과 구성의 측면: 문학 영역의 배제와 문학 중심의 통합적 구성 3. 교과서 개발과 교수⋅학습의 측면: 중앙 통제와 정치사상으로의 경도 다음으로 북한의 『국어문학』 교과서를 분석한 결과, 교과서에 수록된 제재와 학습활동의 측면에서 현대문학, 고전문학과 세계문학 교육이 동질성과 이질성을 동시에 내재하고 있음을 확인하였다. 이처럼 교육과정과 교과서 분석을 통해 남북한 문학교육간의 공통된 요소 못지않게 상당한 차이와 간극을 확인하였다면, 기존의 민족주의에서 상호문화주의로 교육적 시각을 전환할 것이 요청된다. 이러한 전환을 바탕으로 민족적 동질성과 문화적 이질성의 실체를 동시에 인정하고 이들의 길항 속에서 새로운 통일 문학교육의 개발이 필요하며, 변혁적 접근법은 이러한 설계와 개발의 구체적인 방법론이 될 수 있다.
‘안빈낙도(安貧樂道)’의 경험 교육 내용 탐색 -가치의 경험과 문학교육론-
최홍원 한국언어문학회 2012 한국언어문학 Vol.80 No.-
This study was planned to search the contents of experience education aimed at the value of being content amid poverty and taking pleasure in acting in an honest way(henceforth AhnBinRakDo) which many works of classic poetry show. Also, I wanted to prove the possibility of it. The experience education about AhnBinRakDo was set for the following reasons. First, I paid attention to the subject of AhnBinRakDo, owing to the reflection on the reality which the logic of economy plays the role as the critical standard of the act of judging all the values. Second, I proposed the experience education in the dimension of a new perspective and methodology about existing attitudes which realize and accept the classic literature as uniform and stale objects of knowledge and understanding. To sum up, AhnBinRakDo was one of the objects which I chose in the process of plans to define the possibility of the experience education of classic literature. In addition, I considered the universal side as the theme of classic literature and the distinct and specific side which clashes with the value of today. I took a close look at AhnBinRakDo's functions and meanings as the materials of the reader's experience through the process of accepting it historically. The concrete matters of universal, distinct and empathic experience were dealt as pursuit values of community, ways to overcome reality and objects of criticism respectively. These are contents which show the proposition clearly that the value education in literature education is internalizing into one's life through the process that the reader understands, analyses and evaluates underlying values on the base of the experience of value-oriented text world. The follow-up discussions are needed in relation to the investigation of experience education method which deals with the experience structures and methods of values.