Biogeographic pattern of four endemic Pyropia from the east coast of Korea, including a new species, Pyropia retorta (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta)

김선미,최한구,황미숙,김형섭 한국조류학회I 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.1

Foliose species of the Bangiaceae (Porphyra s. l.) are very important in Korean fisheries, and their taxonomy and ecophysiology have received much attention because of the potential for developing or improving aquaculture techniques. Although 20 species of foliose Bangiales have been listed from the Korean coast, some of them remain uncertain and need further comparative morphological studies with molecular comparison. In this study, we confirm the distribution of four Pyropia species from the east coast of Korea, Pyropia kinositae, P. moriensis, P. onoi, and P. retorta sp. nov., based on morphology and rbcL sequence data. Although P. onoi was listed in North Korea in old floral works, its occurrence on the east coast of South Korea is first revealed in this study based on molecular data. P. kinositae and P. moriensis, which were originally described from Hokkaido, Japan, are first reported on the east coast of Korea in this study. Pyropia retorta sp. nov. and P. yezonesis share a similar thallus color and narrow spermatangial patches in the upper portion of the frond, and they have a sympatric distribution. However, P. retorta can be distinguished by the curled or twisted thalli and by molecular data. The biogeographic pattern of the two native species, P. kinositae and P. retorta, suggests that the east coast of Korea may have been a place of refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and then recolonized to the northern part of Japan through the restored East Korean Warm Current after the LGM.

남극 킹조지섬 마리안소만 표층 식물플랑크톤의 연간 변동

전미사,주형민,최한구,안인영,강성호 대한조선학회 2011 대한조선학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2011 No.6

북극 스발바드 군도 Kongsfjorden의 해조상

김지희,정호성,최한구,김예동,Kim, Ji-Hee,Chung, Ho-Sung,Choi, Han-Gu,Kim, Yea-Dong 한국해양과학기술원 2003 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.25 No.4

Marine benthic flora was investigated in an Arctic bay. Specimens of chlorophyte, phaeophyte, and rhodophyte were collected and examined over the period from July to August 2003 from Kongsfjorden Spitsbergen in Svalbard Islands. A total of 28 genera and 32 species (5 chlorophytes, 18 phaeophytes, and 9 rhodophytes) was identified and described. A green alga Enteromorpha linza(Linnaeus) J. Agardh, a brown alga Asperococcus compresus Griffiths ex Hooker, and three red algae Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) Steentoft et al., Rhodymenia pacifica Kylin and Schizochlaenion rhodotrichum Wynne et Norris were recorded in Svalbard Islands for the first time.

배지 성분의 통계적 최적화를 이용한 북극 미세조류 Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C의 지질 생산 증대

김은재,정웅식,김상희,최한구,한세종 한국생물공학회 2019 KSBB Journal Vol.34 No.3

A sequential statistical optimization was applied tothe components of Tris-acetate-phosphate (TAP) medium, toenhance the cell density and lipid production of Arcticmicroalga Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C. The evaluationwas preformed through an elimination process and Plackett-Burman design to select for significant factors, contributingtoward cell growth. NH4Cl, MgSO4·7H2O, potassium phosphate,and trace elements were established as the effectivecomponents and used as variable factors in Box-Behnken designtest, - a response surface methodology (RSM). The final optimizedconcentrations were 0.54, 0.16, 0.04, and 0.08 g/L ofNH4Cl, MgSO4·7H2O, potassium phosphate, and trace elements,respectively. Overall, 9.9% enhanced lipid productionwas achieved by using optimized TAP medium at 4°C. Theresults of the present study could potentially contributetoward large-scale lipid production at low temperatures.

남극 호냉성 미세조 Porosira pseudodenticulata의 형태와 분자적 자료

정웅식,주형민,홍성수,강재신,최한구,강성호,Jung, Woong-Sic,Joo, Hyoung-Min,Hong, Sung-Soo,Kang, Jae-Shin,Choi, Han-Gu,Kang, Sung-Ho 한국조류학회(藻類) 2006 ALGAE Vol.21 No.2

We have cultured more than 100 Arctic and Antarctic cryophilic microalgal strains in KOPRI culture collections of polar microorganisms (KCCPM). Among them, we tried to identify an Antarctic strain, KOPRI AnM0008 by morphological and molecular analysis. Nuclear SSU rDNA and plastid rbcL sequences were used to identify the strain. It was identified as Porosira pseudodenticulata based on SSU sequence data showing 99% identity with GenBank X85398. This result was supported by morphological features like solitary labiate process, external foramina and internal cribra by optical and scanning electron microscope. Morphological identification and molecular analysis on polar cryophilic microalgae will be accomplished to construct the databases for KCCPM.

북극 스발바드 군도 Kongsfjorden의 해조상

김지희,정호성,김예동,최한구 한국해양과학기술원 2003 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.25 No.3s

Marine benthic flora was investigated in an Arctic bay. Specimens of chlorophyte, phaeophyte, and rhodophyte were collected and examined over the period from July to August 2003 from Kongsfjorden Spitsbergen in Svalbard Islands. A total of 28 genera and 32 species (5 chlorophytes, 18 phaeophytes, and 9 rhodophytes) was identified and described. A green alga Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) J. Agardh, a brown alga Asperococcus compressus Griffiths ex Hooker, and three red algae Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) Steentoft et al., Rhodymenia pacifica Kylin and Schizochlaenion rhodotrichum Wynne et Norris were recorded in Svalbard Islands for the first time.

Re-evaluation of green tide-forming species in the Yellow Sea

강은주,김주형,김근용,최한구,김광용 한국조류학회I 2014 ALGAE Vol.29 No.4

Green tides occur every year in the Yellow Sea (YS), and numerous investigations are proceeding on various aspects of the phenomenon. We have identified bloom-forming species collected from diverse locations in the YS using morphological traits and the chloroplast gene for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL). Morphological and rbcL sequence data analyses characterized the blooming species on both sides of the YS as belonging to the Ulva linza-procera-prolifera (LPP) complex clade or U. prolifera of earlier reports. However, U. procera within the LPP complex must be regarded as synonym of U. linza. Moreover, U. prolifera in free-floating samples collected from the Qingdao coast in 2009 was clearly in a distinct clade from that of the blooming species. Therefore, U. linza is the main green tide alga in the YS and has the procera-morphology. The green drift mats in the southeastern part of the YS (southwest sea of Korea) consisted predominantly of U. linza and rarely of U. compressa or U. prolifera.

Cellular growth and fatty acid content of Arctic chlamydomonadalean

정웅식,김은재,임수연,심현지,한세종,김상희,강성호,최한구 한국조류학회I 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.1

Arctic microalgae thrive and support primary production in extremely cold environment. Three Arctic green microalgal strains collected from freshwater near Dasan Station in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Arctic, were analyzed to evaluate the optimal growth conditions and contents of fatty acids. The optimal growth temperature for KNF0022, KNF0024, and KNF0032 was between 4 and 8°C. Among the three microalgal strains, KNF0032 showed the maximal cell number of 1.6 × 107 cells mL−1 at 4°C. The contents of fatty acids in microalgae biomass of KNF0022, KNF0024, and KNF0032 cultured for 75 days were 37.34, 73.25, and 144.35 mg g−1 dry cell weight, respectively. The common fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analyzed from Arctic green microalgae consisted of palmitic acid methyl ester (C16:0), 5,8,11-heptadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (C17:3), oleic acid methyl ester (C18:1), linoleic acid methyl ester (C18:2), and α-linolenic acid methyl ester (C18:3). KNF0022 had high levels of heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (26.58%) and heptadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (22.17% of the total FAMEs). In KNF0024 and KNF0032, more than 72.09% of the total FAMEs consisted of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid methyl ester from KNF0032 was detected at a high level of 20.13% of the FAMEs. Arctic freshwater microalgae are able to increase the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids under a wide range of growth temperatures and can also be used to produce valuable industrial materials.

극지 생물의 저온적응 기작과 저온 생물학적 응용 연구

강성호,주형민,박승일,정웅식,홍성수,서기원,전미사,최한구,김학준 한국해양과학기술원 2007 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.29 No.3

The survival strategies of polar organisms at permanently or extremely cold temperatures and their application to cryobiology were reviewed here. In addition, ongoing studies on psychrophiles also were described. Psychrophiles are extremophiles that can grow and reproduce in cold temperatures, typically at -10 to 20oC. These organisms developed various mechanisms of adaptation to extremely cold environments. Polar organisms cope with these extreme physicochemical conditions using strategies such as avoidance, protection and partnership with other organisms. Understanding on the strategies adopted by polar organisms may provide insight on the physiological process that cells can go through during freezing. Cryopreservation may be able to take advantage of the findings described above. Currently, genomes of many cold-loving organisms have been sequenced and comparative genomics has revealed, at a molecular level, the characteristics of these organisms. The investigation of microorganisms on the polar glaciers may expand our understanding on the origin of life on Earth and other planets.

한국 남서해안 자연채묘 양식 김의 DNA 염기서열과 종 동정

황미숙,김선미,하동수,백재민,김형섭,최한구,Hwang, Mi-Sook,Kim, Sun-Mi,Ha, Dong-Soo,Baek, Jae-Min,Kim, Hyeung-Seop,Choi, Han-Gu 한국조류학회(藻類) 2005 ALGAE Vol.20 No.3

Nuclear SSU and ITS1 rDNA and plastid rbcL sequences were determined to identify the seven samples of Porphyra cultivated by means of natural seeding on the southwest coast of Korea and analyzed to access the phylogenetic relationships of them with the natural populations of P. tenera and P. yezoensis from Korea and Japan. SSU, rbcL and ITS1 data from 18, 21 and 31 samples, respectively, including previously published sequences were investigated in the study. Results from our individual and combined data indicated that the seven samples were all P. yezoensis and the entities except one from Muan 2 aquafarm strongly grouped together with the natural populations of P. yezoensis from the south and the west coast of Korea. The sample from Muan 2 seems to be derived from a strain of P. yezoensis introduced from Japan by Porphyra farmers, based on DNA sequence data.