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국내 담수 미세조류 Nautococcus sp. KNUA212의 분리 및 바이오 에너지 분석
최하늘,도정미,윤호성 한국조류학회I 2023 수생생물 Vol.3 No.2
과도한 화석연료 사용으로 증가한 대기중 이산화탄소는 기후 변화와 불안정한 연료 비용, 생물 다양성의 감소문제를 야기했다. 이러한 문제의 대안책으로써 광합성을 통해 대기 중의 이산화탄소를 흡수하고 바이오 연료로 이용가능한 지질을 축적하는 미세조류가 각광받고 있다. 또한 미세조류의 바이오매스에 축적된 고부가가치 산물들(색소, 다당류, 아미노산 등)은 산업적으로 다양하게 활용할 수 있어 관련 연구들이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 울릉도 담수에서 채집해 순수분리한 토착 미세조류를 형태학적 및 분자생물학적으로 동정하여 Nautococcus 속으로 분류했다. Nautococcus sp. KNUA212를 BG-11 액체 배지에서 1~3%의 CO2 공급을 유지하며 8일간 배양한 결과 배양 1.34 g L–1의 건조중량을 가지는 바이오매스를 수확할 수 있었다. 동결건조한 바이오매스의 생화학적 특성을 분석한 결과 26.77%의 단백질 함량을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 근사분석을 통해 89.35%의 높은 휘발성 물질량을 확인할 수 있었고 이는 1,2세대 바이오 연료인 작물과 목질계에서 측정되는 값보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 원소분석한 결과 22.0 MJ kg–1의 높은 열량값이 측정되었으며 이전 바이오 및 화석 연료가 가지는 열량값보다 높거나 유사했다. 특히 Nautococcus sp. KNUA212가 가지는 열량값은 이전세대 바이오 연료인 작물과 목재에서 측정되는 값보다 높게 나타나 Nautococcus sp. KNUA212의 바이오 연료와 같은 바이오 에너지 공급원으로써의 이용 가능성도 확인할 수 있었다. Increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere by increased use of fossil fuel leads to the climate change, unstable price of fuels and the decline of biodiversity. The microalgae can eliminate the carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and accumulate the lipid that can be used for biofuels as the alternative to these problems. In addition, the highly valued products (pigments, polysaccharides and amino acids etc.) are available for diverse industrial use and for those reasons, many related studies have performed actively. Our team collected sample from Ulleungdo fresh water to perform morphologic and molecular biological species identification and classified the microalgae as Nautococcus sp. KNUA212. As a result of cultivating Nautococcus sp. KNUA212 in BG-11 liquid medium for 8 days while maintaining 1~3% CO2 supply, we could harvest the biomass on the 8th day of which a dry weight was 1.34 g L–1. Biochemical analysis of the freeze-dried biomass showed that Nautococcus sp. KNUA212 had a high protein content of 26.77%. Approximate analysis of the biomass showed that the high volatile matter of 89.35%, which was much higher than the value measured in crops and wood, first and second-generation biofuels. Additionally, elemental analysis of the biomass showed that the high calorific value of 22.0 MJ kg–1, which was higher or similar to that of previous bio and fossil fuel. Especially, the calorific value of Nautococcus sp. KNUA212 was much higher than the values measured in crops and wood, first and second-generation biofuels and we could identify that Nautococcus sp. KNUA212 also can be utilized as the bio energy source such as biofuel.
최하늘,임정은 대한암예방학회 2017 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.22 No.3
Background: The levels of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) may be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Thus, we investigated the association between erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 FA composition, body mass index (BMI), and biochemical profiles. Methods: The body composition, dietary intake, and blood parameters, including serum lipid, glucose, insulin, adipokines, oxidative stress, and erythrocyte FA, were assessed in 66 overweight and obese women (average age, 43.4 years). We also classified the participants into the overweight, obese, and morbidly obese (MO) groups based on the BMI values of 23, 25, and 30 kg/m2, respectively. Erythrocyte FA was measured via gas chromatography. Results: The serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of the participants in the overweight, obese, and MO groups were not significantly different. However, the serum insulin, high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol and leptin levels were significantly different. The erythrocyte n-6/n-3 ratios of the overweight, obese, and MO groups were 2.4, 2.5, and 2.8, respectively. These data were consistent with the dietary n-6/n-3 ratio findings. Moreover, the erythrocyte n-6/n-3 ratio was correlated with serum insulin levels. Conclusions: As the severity of obesity increased, the levels of insulin and leptin and the ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 increased, which was consistent with erythrocyte FA. These results indicate that erythrocyte FA may be a predictive biomarker for the increased prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, leptin resistance, and risk of developing metabolic disorders.
최하늘,정수미,허경혜,김정인 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.1
The effects of quercetin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an obese mouse model were investigated. Five-week-old ob/ob mice were fed an AIN- 93G diet or a diet containing 0.08% quercetin, whereas ob/+ mice were provided the AIN-93G diet for 10 weeks. Quercetin significantly decreased serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, compared with the ob/ob control group. Quercetin lowered hepatic total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels, and the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, compared with the ob/ob control group. Quercetin increased adiponectin protein expression in epididymal adipose tissue and serum adiponectin levels, and decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), compared with the ob/ob control group. These results indicate that quercetin could exert protective effects against development of NAFLD, partly by overexpression of adiponectin and reduction of inflammatory cytokine levels in ob/ob mice.
Ameliorative Effect of Myricetin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in ob/ob Mice
최하늘,신진영,김정인 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.10
Obesity, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress are important risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed at determining the beneficial effects of myricetin against NAFLD in ob/ob mice. C57BL/6-Lepob/ob mice (n = 21) were fed an AIN-93G diet (ob/ob control group) or diet containing 0.04% (low myricetin; LMTN group) or 0.08% (high myricetin; HMTN group) myricetin, and lean heterozygous littermates (lean control group, n = 7) were fed AIN-93G diet for 10 weeks. HMTN consumption significantly lowered serum glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance values in ob/ob mice. In addition to reducing serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels, HMTN significantly decreased total hepatic lipid and TG levels partly through downregulation of carbohydrate response element-binding protein and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c expression. The reduction in the levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances by HMTN likely resulted from the elevation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 expression. Tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expressions were reduced by LMTN and HMTN, and HMTN also decreased interleukin-6 expression. These results suggest that myricetin has beneficial effects against NAFLD by regulating the expression of transcription factors of hepatic lipid metabolism, the antioxidant system, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
최하늘,신동희 한국지구과학회 2023 한국지구과학회지 Vol.44 No.2
This study analyzed students’ polar literacy in an effort to promote polar education based on its high educationalvalue. The polar literacy test items developed for this study consisted of questions about knowledge, skills, attitudes, andbeliefs about the polar region, as well as background variables of students. The final test items, which were revised andsupplemented several times through the preliminary test, were applied to 323 eighth graders in South Korea. We analyzedthe response characteristics of the polar literacy questions for all students. Students were grouped into those with a globalcitizenship perspective and those with a pragmatic perspective, according to the viewpoint of polar issues and their polarliteracy. Analysis showed that the students had a high understanding of climate change and living things in the polarregions, but had a very low understanding of ice, which is a key component of the polar regions. Moreover, they wereunable to approach the Earth system thinking when dealing with polar issues. In addition, the global citizenship group hada higher intellectual understanding and deeper sympathy of the polar problem than the pragmatic group. This study ismeaningful in that the survey results present a specific direction for future polar education. 본 연구는 극지의 높은 교육적 가치를 바탕으로 극지 교육의 방향과 과학과 교육과정을 올바르게 설정하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 학생들의 극지 소양을 평가 , 분석했다 . 연구를 위해 개발된 극지 소양 검사 문항은 극지에 대한 지식, 기능 , 태도 , 신념 영역과 학생들의 배경 변인을 묻는 문항으로 구성되었다 . 예비 검사를 통해 여러 차례 수정 , 보완된 최종 검사 문항은 323명의 중학교 2학년 학생들을 대상으로 적용되었다 . 전체 학생들에 대한 극지 소양 문항의 응답 특성을 분석했고 , 극지 문제를 바라보는 관점에 따라 학생들을 세계 시민적 관점 또는 실용적 관점을 지닌 집단으로 구분하여 이들의 극지 소양을 추가로 비교 분석했다 . 분석 결과 , 학생들은 극지의 기후 변화와 생물에 대한 이해는높았으나 극지의 핵심 구성 요소인 ‘얼음 ’에 대한 이해는 매우 낮았으며 , 극지의 문제를 다룰 때 지구 시스템적 사고로접근하지 못했다 . 또한 , 세계 시민적 집단의 학생들은 실용적 집단의 학생들보다 극지의 문제에 대한 지적 이해가 높고 ,그 심각성에 대해 깊게 공감하고 있었다 . 본 연구는 설문 결과를 바탕으로 극지 교육이 앞으로 나아가야 할 구체적인방향을 제시했다는 점에서 의의가 있다 .
지역사회거주 노인의 심폐질환 예방과 심폐기능 향상을 위한 재활운동 고찰
최하늘,오세준 대한스포츠물리치료학회 2023 정형스포츠물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.1
Purpose: In this study, we performed a 10-year literature review based on domestic research on the preventionof cardiopulmonary disease and improvement in cardiopulmonary function in community-dwelling elderlyindividuals. Methods: We searched databases for exercise studies that reported prevention of cardiopulmonary diseaseand improvement of cardiopulmonary function in community-dwelling elderly individuals between 2012 and2022. Two independent researchers performed the first review based on the title and abstract of an articleand a second review of the text of the article, and the final detailed meeting a total of 10 times over 2 months. To the strategies of each literature, this study focused on the recent 10 years of domestic research; wesearched across the DBpia, e-article, Google scholar, KCI, KISS, KYOBO scholar, and RISS databases. Results: Of 12,522 papers identified through the research strategy and literature search, we excluded 6,053papers; 905 non-duplicated papers or original articles of each researcher were excluded in addition to 3,624papers that were beyond the scope of this study. Following a thorough literature search, we excluded 1,807papers and 61 papers in which details regarding intervention and results were unavailable. Finally, 35 paperswere excluded from the category of subjects and parts included in overseas journals, and only eight paperswere included in this study. Conclusion: This study provides a basis for care-related rehabilitation of older adults to preventmusculoskeletal disorders. Based on mid-to long-term national policies for social rehabilitation care, effectivecare programs associated with rehabilitation experts should be established in the future.
CFD 시뮬레이션을 활용한 원형 환기창의 자연환기 성능 평가
최하늘,나후승,가서사,김형근,김나리,김태연 대한건축학회 2020 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.36 No.10
The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the natural ventilation performance of the circular ventilation window. The circularventilation window is a new type of window. This 145mm diameter window consists of a circular frame and a lid, and can be opened andclosed. The circular ventilation window has a feature that the installation position and number are relatively free. We evaluated the naturalventilation performance of the circular ventilation window using CFD simulation. Based on the experiment, the CFD model was built, andcase studies were performed under various conditions such as the window displacement, indoor/outdoor temperature difference, and outdoorwind speed. In addition, ventilation rates were compared with awning windows and casement windows. As a result, as the vertical distancebetween windows and the indoor/outdoor temperature difference increased, the ventilation rate tended to increase, and the ventilation patterngreatly changed according to the outdoor wind speed. Also, if the windows were arranged effectively, the ventilation rate could be increasedcompared to the existing windows. 본 연구의 목적은 원형 창의 환기 성능을 종합적으로 평가하는 것이다. 원형 창은 기존의 사각형 창호와는 다른 형태의 새로운 창이다. 지름 145mm의 이 창은, 원형 창 프레임과 뚜껑으로 구성된다. 원형창은 원하는 위치에, 원하는 개수를 설치할 수 있다는 것이 가장 큰 특징이다. 기존에는 없던 형태의 창호이기 때문에, 창의 주요 성능 중 하나인 자연환기 성능을 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 CFD 시뮬레이션을 이용해 원형 창의 자연환기를 평가하였다. 실험을 기반으로 CFD 모델을 구축했으며, 창의 설치 위치, 실내 외 온도차, 실외 풍속 등 다양한 조건에서 케이스 스터디를 수행하였다. 또한, 기존 사각 어닝 창, 케이스먼트 창과도 환기량을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 창 간 수직거리와 실내외 온도차가 증가할수록 환기율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 실외 풍속에 따라 환기 양상이 크게 달라졌다. 또한, 창문을 효과적으로 배치한다면, 기존 창보다 환기율을 증가시킬 수도 있었다.
최하늘,정수임,김민지,신동희 한국과학교육학회 2022 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.42 No.1
The need for polar education was further emphasized, depending on the importance of the pole, which is the best place for climate change detection and prediction, and treasure trove of future technology and resources. Therefore, this study analyzed the general cognitive and affective characteristics of elementary school students’ polar literacy, and in addition, analyzed the cognitive and affective characteristics according to the level of diversity about polar experience. The items developed for the study were revised through a pilot survey of 43 fifth graders. They consisted of questions about gender, polar experience, scientific literacy, polar knowledge, polar literacy skills, polar literacy beliefs, and polar literacy attitudes. The types of questions used are selectable, reliable, and Likert (4 points), for a total of 66 questions. The students who participated in the study were 323 fifth grade elementary students. The study found that students were more interested in the dramatic consequences of polar changes than the scientific causes and processes associated with it. This is confirmed through the fact that they are more interested in and familiar with polar creatures suffering from polar changes than understanding ice, which is the main feature of and the central mechanism of polar changes. Students also recognized the issue of polar climate change as a global issue other than their own. They believe that what happens in the Arctic and Antarctica will affect the whole world, but not significantly to himself and his community. The level of knowledge about polar region and the ability to analyze and infer were not significantly related to each other, and students with a higher level of diversity of experience about polar region had a better understanding of polar science and technology. In this research, it is meaningful to check the characteristics related to the students’ polar region and to use it as a basic data to show the direction in which polar literacy education should proceed in the future. 기후 변화의 감지, 예측의 최적지이며 미래 기술, 자원의 보고인극지의 중요성에 따라 극지 교육의 필요성이 더욱 강조됐다. 이에본 연구에서는 극지에 대한 초등학생의 일반적 인지 및 정의적 특성을 탐색한 후, 극지에 대한 경험 다양성 수준에 따른 인지 및 정의적특성을 추가로 분석했다. 연구를 위해 개발된 검사 문항은 43명의 초등학교 5학년생을 대상으로 한 예비 검사를 통해 수정, 보완되었다. 검사 문항은 학생들의 배경 변인으로 성별, 극지에 대한 학습 경험및 일상 경험, 과학적 소양을 묻는 문항과 극지 지식, 기능, 신념, 태도를 묻는 문항으로 구성됐다. 문항의 유형은 선택형, 진위형, 리커트(4점)이며 총 66개다. 검사에 참여한 학생들은 대⋅중⋅소 도시의 초등학교에 재학 중인 5학년생 323명이다. 연구 결과, 학생들은 극지의 변화와 관련된 과학적 원인 및 과정보다는 극지의 변화로 인한극적인 결과에 관심이 크고 잘 알았다. 이는 극지의 주요 특징임과 동시에 극지 환경 변화 매커니즘의 중심에 있는 얼음에 대한 이해보다, 극지 환경 변화로서 고통 받을 극지 생물에 더욱 관심이 크고잘 알고 있다는 사실을 통해 확인됐다. 또한, 학생들은 극지 기후 변화의 문제를 자신을 제외한 전지구적 문제로 인식했다. 북극과 남극에서 일어나는 일은 전 세계에 영향을 미치지만, 자기 자신과 지역 사회 에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 생각한다는 것이다. 극지에 대한 지식의 수준과 극지 관련 자료를 해석, 추론하는 탐구 능력은 서로큰 관련이 없었으며, 극지에 대한 경험 다양성의 수준이 높은 학생일 수록 극지의 과학 기술에 대한 이해가 뛰어났다. 본 연구는 학생들의극지 소양 관련 특성을 점검했다는 것과, 향후 극지 교육이 나아가야할 방향을 제시하는 기초 자료가 될 것이라는 점에서 의미가 있다.