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최준형,이석래,이재근 한국정원학회 2002 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.20 No.1
The purpose of this study is to present basic materials on garden ornaments and their symbolism in traditional spaces. The subjects for this study are the Kyongbok Palace and the Changduk Palace that were the palaces of the Chosun Dynasty. The patterns of the garden ornaments in those palaces were investigated by comparison with past literature and traditional pattern collections. The findings of the research are as follows. Animal patterns were found on most of the stone statues and symbolized the expulsion of evil and the protenction of the King. They were used mainly in King’s Palace to emphasize the expulsion of evil and the protection of the King in official ceremonies. A stone mortar filled with water was used as a mirror and stonework, stone pedestals, chimneys, and stone boxes were mainly decorated with botanical patterns and used a lot in the royal villa and the living space for praying for the luck the user of the space. As shown above, there was a close correlation to space, the type of garden ornament, classification, and the symbolism of the patterns. A stepping stone used in mounting or dismounting a horse was used practically rather than ornately and there was usually no special ornament on the stone. However, on the stepping stone in the Sujung Annex, a decorated lotus pattern symbolized creation and prosperity with the purpose of calming the minds of the ministers. There were grass and flower patterns on only three sides of the stone box of Yonkyung Hall and therefore, it was considered functional and practical. The flag pedestal that measured the direction and velocity of the wind by using a flag was decorated with a wave pattern to sttongly emphasize the government. The stone mortar of Okrychun where common people enjoyed their lives and partied showed no special patterns and was located in the waterway to divert the flow of the water.
미기록 작은줄똥풍뎅이(딱정벌레목: 풍뎅이과: 똥풍뎅이아과)의한반도 보고
최준형,임창섭 한국응용곤충학회 2022 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.61 No.4
The tribe Rhyparini is one of the well-known termitophilous tribes in Aphodiinae. The genus Rhyparus has the largest number of species in the tribe Rhyparini, and only one species, Rhyparus azumai Nakane, 1956 was recorded in Korea. In this study, we report Rhyparus helophoroides Fairmaire, 1893 from Korea for the first time. Diagnosis, photographs of diagnostic characters, key to the Korean Rhyparus, and brief ecological information of the species are provided. 줄똥풍뎅이속은 호흰개미성인 줄똥풍뎅이족에서 가장 많은 종수를 보유하고 있다. 국내에는 광양줄똥풍뎅이 한 종만이 기록되었으나 또 다른 종인 Rhyparus helophoroides Fairmaire, 1893를 새로이 발견하여 보고한다. 본 종의 진단형질과 그 사진, 한국산 줄똥풍뎅이속의 검색표의 제시와 함께 생태에 대한 간략한 정보를 제공한다.
최준형,김기현,유호정,이창연,강현범,김영웅,오준학,김범준 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
High-performance all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) were fabricated without any solvent additives or thermal treatments by using novel naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based alternating copolymers as electron acceptors. We found that the high electron transport ability of the polymer acceptor is one of the most important requirements for producing high-performance, additive-free all-PSCs. To control the planarity of the polymer backbone and optimize electron mobility, we introduced three different electron-rich units (i.e., thiophene (T), bithiophene (T2), and thienylene-vinylene-thienylene (TVT)) into the NDI-based polymers. Particularly, P(NDI-TVT) polymers exhibited the highest electron mobility (2.31 cm2 V-1 s-1) in organic field effect transistors due to the enhanced degree of coplanarity. Also, the high electron mobility of P(NDI-TVT) facilitated electron transport in all-PSC blends, resulting in the well-balanced hole/electron mobility ratio. Thus, all-PSCs based on P(NDI-TVT) acceptor exhibited the high efficiency of 4.25% without any solvent additives or thermal treatments.