Using Gaussian Integral to Estimate the Size of the Superposition Effect and 3D Visualization on Volatility of the Number of Visitor Arrivals Regarding the Period of Military Tensions in South Korea

최인묵 한국호텔관광학회 2016 호텔관광연구 Vol.18 No.3

An analysis of military threat and its impact on tourism appears to be susceptible to demand fluctuation among foreign visitors, especially during increased regional political instability. In particular, Korea is also experiencing the direct impact of North Korea missile and nuclear tests. This study is the third in a series of continued research regarding the responses of historical volatility of foreign visitors to visit South Korea, focusing primarily on the superposition effect of two political events. The second study examined the statistical interpretation of differences increased volatility depending on the purpose of foreign visitors' visit, despite the increasing demand trend in the situation of primary, secondary, and tertiary missile and nuclear tests. In the case of the tertiary event, it was highlighted for being more than five times (a mega effect) the current volatility. However, a technically limitation emerged to illuminating the structure of the sharp increase in volatility using only traditional statistical analysis. Therefore, this study alternatively assumed that a superposition of two events can occur simultaneously and measure the superposition area as to estimating the effect size. These two assumptions were tested using the Gaussian integral. Further, an analysis program was separately developed as needed to realize a 3D vector model for visualizing the internal interactions in order to achieve scientific accessibility and practicality. The program, coded by Thomas Choi, is tentatively called Thomas’s Integrator. The outcomes of this study were able to implement the visualization analysis efficiently. Through the study, the superposition effect was proved and became more apparent, and effect was more augmented when a shorter time occurred between the missile and nuclear tests and when a greater number of tourists visited than other official and business visitors in terms of the total proportion of visitor arrivals. In fact, the vectors of the superposition effect of the two events were opposite directions between the tourists and official groups. Even within the official group, the patterns were an outer product. Therefore, including the number of official visits could increase prediction errors when forecasting the demand of foreign visitors.

여대생의 여행에 대한 사회적 규범이 개인의 자아존중감과 자아개발감에 미치는 영향

최인묵 한국관광연구학회 2023 관광연구저널 Vol.37 No.8

In order to determine the effect of the psychosocial construct on psychological drivers of individual travel behavior, this study examined the effect and size of travel social norms on self-esteem and self-development. Through this, the possibility of social norms impacting an individual's self-identity was verified. The subjects were female college students, and within the group, a wide range of social level expectations and agreements related to travel behavior were defined as social norms. To this end, from September to October 2, 2023, a questionnaire was administered using convenience sampling to K Women's University students, with 189 copies used for the final analysis. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the social norms of female college students' travel affected their self-identity. In particular, the effect on self-esteem was relatively greater than that on self-development. Additionally, it was found that individual self-esteem significantly impacted self-development and functioned as a leading variable. In conclusion, it was found that travel social norms in the female college student group became a psychological driver that affected individual behavior and related to the psychological structure of travel as social pressure with which to conform. The implication of this study is that it can aid in understanding the social psychological structure of travel; moreover, the social norm and self-development scales of travel used in the measurement are useful as a means. It also proposes the necessity of a normative approach to creating a desirable travel culture.

유튜브에서의 여행사 광고 단순노출효과 검증에 관한 연구

최인묵 한국관광연구학회 2019 관광연구저널 Vol.33 No.5

This study is to test the mere-exposure effect on travel agency advertisements through new media such as YouTube. Hypotheses that explained the mere-exposure effect are indicated by an affective judgement. On the contrary, a cognitive-affective theory is as a form of post-cognitive process, and finally an aspect of mutual interaction. These differences of interpretation are reasons to understand a part of the information process regarding the memory system and have powerful effects on forming beliefs of customers. However, an issue regarding the effect is that advertisements on analogue television are not similar to those on new media such as YouTube because of evolved responses such as the ability of customers to select repetition and types of exposure, rather than the one-way communication of the past. The results showed that the probability has a significant effect with YouTube. Furthermore, it can be predicted by advertising awareness from Average Click. A mediation effect of affective familiarity was rejected; therefore, the direct effect between Average Click and the awareness was accepted and adopted to the model. Finally, this result supports the cognitive-affective hypothesis. It has the more increasing Average Click, the more increasing cognitive ease to have a good feeling. Therefore, it is suggested that cognitive ease strengthens advertising appeals.

특집 차세대 인터페이스 : 특집 ; 복합 감각형 도우미 기술

최인묵,이성준,박연규,강대임 한국정보처리학회 2010 정보처리학회지 Vol.17 No.5

북한 미사일과 핵실험이 한국방문객의 방문목적별 수요변동 반응에 미친 반복효과에 관한 연구

최인묵 한국호텔관광학회 2015 호텔관광연구 Vol.17 No.6

The military hostility over the decade (2004 to 2013) in Korean peninsula, controlled by North Korea (DPRK), can be divided into two categories of repetition and random event. This paper, using a controlled experimental method, is focused on estimating how foreign visitors to South Korea react to the two repeated events, depending on the purpose of the visit. This study is the second test to investigate the effect of military hostility on international tourism and destination choice. Compared with the first study, this experimental test will focus on the number of incident repetitions, using data from the missile and nuclear tests during the decade, and according to effect size controlled by the number of times beginning with the 1st to the 3rd tests only. The purpose of visit to South Korea is divided into the four groups of pleasure/tour, official, business, and others. The results show that the group whose purpose is to tour and for pleasure has a significant reaction to volatility of both missile and nuclear hostility.

위킹 및 후속 열분해 탈지에 의한 저압 사출제의 가속탈지

최인묵,김민기,김상우,이해원,송휴섭,최성철 한국세라믹학회 1998 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.35 No.6

When the low pressure injection molded parts are debinded by wicking and subsequent thermal pyrolysis the optimum transition point from wicking to thermal pyrolysis is just after the completion of the constant wicking rate period. Even when the partially debinded parts were heated at 5$^{\circ}C$/min after reaching the 1st falling rate period the debinding defects such as distortion and cracks were not found.

로그라인분석을 통한 여행사 영상광고의 중심경로, 주변경로, 유지시연, 정교화시연이 인지적 관여, 정서적 관여에 미치는 영향

최인묵 한국호텔관광학회 2019 호텔관광연구 Vol.21 No.3

Petty & Cacioppo(1983)의 정교화가능성모델이 발표 된지 40여년이 되어가고 있다. 하지만 관광분야는 관련 연구가 많이 부족한 부분이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 정교화가능성모델을 중심으로 정보처리과정의 주의 단계인 광고노출 이후 개인적 관련성을 알아보는 여행관여도와 더불어 적극적 정보처리가 이루어질 때 장기기억으로의 전환을 돕는 시연방식에 대하여 연구하였다. 여행상품과 같은 서비스상품은 영상광고의 경우 제품광고와 달리 여행지 소개자체만으로는 차별성을 찾기 어렵다. 때문에 광고의 소구전략이 중요해지는데 출연배우의 지명도, 텍스트, 타이틀, 배경음악 그리고 나래이션의 기술적 자원배분이 소구를 위한 부호화 방식과 밀접한 관련성을 가지는 요소가 된다. 분석결과 경로와 관련하여 중심경로가 정서적 관여에 영향을 미치며, 그리고 주변경로가 인지와 정서 모두에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나왔다. 시연과 관련하여 정교화시연이 인지적 관여에, 반면 유지시연은 정서적 관여에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나왔다. 분석방법으로 부분최소자승법(PLS)에 의한 경로모형을 시도하였으며, 과정품질을 위한 투입요소분석을 위해 로그라인(Logline) 분석법을 제안하고 이의 활용성을 검증하였다. 로그라인분석법은 여행서비스와 같은 무형성이 강조되는 영상광고의 분석과 광고소구 전략수립에 도움이 될 것으로 기대되었다.

수용자 반응특성(ROC)을 이용한 가상관광 실감콘텐츠의 반응추정

최인묵,전시현 한국관광학회 2021 관광학연구 Vol.45 No.8

This study aims to provide a technically necessary reference value for producing immersive content in virtual tourism. In order to estimate the size of responsiveness of immersive content for VR tourism, the size of the responsiveness regarding animation, narration, and dynamics (the three properties that have the most significant influence on the number of views) were used in this study. One hundred fifty-two 360° VR videos posted on YouTube were purposively selected and they were compared in terms of responsiveness by simultaneously performing the estimation formula according to the Pythagorean definition and the cut-off point of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The results of the analyses showed that animation was the most significant discriminating power as a diagnostic tool. It elicited the most robust viewer responses out of all the virtual tourism immersive contents. This indicates that videos with added animation enhance storytelling and viewer immersion. Although the narration and dynamics had relatively weak predictive power, it still demonstrated a significant predicting power for an increase in the number of views. Throughout this study, numerical estimation and objective analyses of realistic types were possible. In addition, ROC research turned out to be a useful diagnostic tool in examining the predictive power for immersive content in virtual tourism. 이 연구의 목적은 VR 관광을 위한 실감콘텐츠의 반응성 크기를 추정하여 향후 관광 분야의 실감콘텐츠 제작에 필요한 기술적 기준 값을 제공하는데 있다. 이 연구에서는 실감형 효과 크기 분석을 위해 실감콘텐츠에 사용되는 기술 중에서 조회 수에 가장 큰 영향력이 있는 3개의 속성인 애니메이션과 내레이션 그리고 화면역동성을 사용 하였다. 자료는 YouTube 플렛폼에 게시된 360° VR영상 152개를 대상으로 목적표출을 하였고, 실감콘텐츠의 반응 크기 추정을 위하여 피타고라스정의에 의한 추정공식과 ROC curve 분석을 동시에 실시하여 cut-off point와 비교하였다. 분석결과 애니메이션의 경우 진단도구로 가장 높은 변별력을 보여줌으로서 가상관광 실감형 컨텐츠에서 가장 높은 시청자의 반응을 이끌어 내었다. 이는 애니메이션이 추가된 영상은 스토리텔링 효과로 인해 시청자의 몰입감을 높였다는 점을 보여준다. 상대적으로 내레이션과 화면역동성은 미약한 예측력을 가지고 있었지만 여전히 조회 수 증가의 진단에 적용이 가능함이 증명되었다. 이 연구를 통해 가상관광 실감콘텐츠에 대한 수치 추정과 객관적 분석이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 수용자반응특성(ROC) 분석은 관광분야 실감콘텐츠의 진단도구로서 예측력을 알아보는데 유용하였다.

국내 여행사의 광고효과 크기 추정을 위한 메타분석 연구(Ⅰ) - 전체효과(summary effect) 크기를 중심으로 -

최인묵 한국관광학회 2017 관광학연구 Vol.41 No.2

This study initially attempted to estimate the size of advertising effectiveness of travel agencies through systemic reviews, specifically by using a meta-analysis. The related articles, associated with the keywords “travel agency” and “advertisement”, discussed 17 studies based on the screening process. This was followed by an application of PRISMA group guidelines, and the materials were listed or listed in candidate journals of the Korea Citation Index (KCI) from 1996 to 2015. Data obtained from the results of the studies were transferred into Cohen's d values for the current analysis. Consequently, the summary effect of advertising effectiveness for travel agencies in South Korea was estimated to be 23% (0.23). In addition, ranges with a 95% confidence interval (CI) from the lower to the upper bounds varied from the least value of 15% (0.15) to the greatest of 30% (0.30). In order to estimate the different effects, a random-effect model was conducted due to heterogeneous attributes of the outcomes from the materials. A rank correlation test was carried out for publication bias and to satisfy the symmetrical distribution (k=17). The study suggested that the estimated 23% refers to a possibly enhanced level of involvement through advertising methods for changing customer attitudes toward intentions to buy more decisively. 본 연구는 메타분석을 사용하여 국내 여행사 광고에 대한 전체효과크기 추정을 시도하였다. 메타분석은 개별연구들에 대한 체계적 리뷰를 통해서 정량적 데이터를 추출하게 되는데, 이를 위해 메타분석 지침에 권위를 가진 PRISMA 그룹의 가이드라인을 따라 자료를 스크리닝 하였으며, 최종적으로 1996년부터 2015년 사이에 KCI등재지 또는 후보지에 게재된 논문 17편의 데이터를 추출하였다. 자료합성을 위해 추출된 데이터는 Cohen’s d 값으로 변환하였으며, 최종합성결과 개별연구들이 말해주는 한국 여행사의 광고효과에 대한 전체 크기(summary effect)는 23%(0.23)로, 95%신뢰구간(CI)을 기준으로 최소 15%(0.15)에서 최대 30%(0.30)까지 효과 크기를 가지는 것으로 나왔다. 본 메타분석에 사용된 분석모델은 개별연구의 이질성을 고려하여 무선효과 모델(random-effect model)이 적용되었으며, 또한, 출간 편의 분석(publication bias)을 위하여 순위 상관테스트를 실시, 자료의 대칭성을 만족하는 것을 확인하였다(k=17). 제안된 23%의 광고효과크기는 해석에 있어서 광고의 관여로 소비자의 구매의사 태도를 변화시킬 수 있는 범위로 해석하는 것이 바람직하다는 권고를 담았다.

메타회귀분석을 이용한 여행사광고 커뮤니케이션 조절효과에 관한 연구: 국내 광고매체 연구의 4개 유형분류를 중심으로

최인묵 한국서비스경영학회 2017 서비스경영학회지 Vol.18 No.4

This research investigated the moderated communication effects in differentiation and rational selection for travel-related media planning. The four types of the media were categorized into: ① newsprint and magazines, ② internet-related media, ③ TV and streaming, and ④ comprehensive media. These categories became moderators based on the cumulative findings 21 quantitative research studies over 24 years. Using meta-regression analysis, this (k=21) new model is used to estimate the different sizes of the moderator effects that help guide decisions for an advertising budget, as opposed to the first analysis (k=17) that estimated only the direct effect. The different effect sizes were revealed by subgroups. Those that showed the largest increase in effectiveness were comprehensive(26%), newsprint and magazines(25%). Internet- related media(15%) was the lowest, despite profoundly reach for target customers, and TV and streaming(22%) had an average increase, while a high reach for unspecified customers.