가습기살균제 피해사건과 교훈

최예용,임흥규,임신예,백도명,Choi, Ye-Yong,Lim, Heung-Kyu,Lim, Sin-Ye,Paek, Do-Myung 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Introduction: After 17 years since the first production of humidifier disinfectants in Korea, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) announced that the odds ratio of lung injury related with humidifier disinfectant usage was 47.3 (95% confidence interval 6.0-369.7) according to a case-control study with 18 adult cases, including 8 pregnant women at a university hospital in Seoul. Results: From September 2011 to April 2012, one-hundred and seventy four victim cases have been reported to an environmental non-governmental group (NGO). We summarized timetable of humidifier disinfectants accidents, analyzed health outcomes (death, lung or lung and heart transplantation, pulmonary disease) of reported victims, and classified some information for humidifier disinfectants with health outcomes, and government action for this accident. Among the victims, number of death cases are 52 (30.0%), including 26 babies less than 3 years old. Sixty-nine victims come from twenty-seven family with 2 to 4 members per family. About twenty types of humidifier disinfectant products and about 600,000 product items a year have been sold. Fifty-two death cases used 7 different types of disinfectant products, including imported goods and some private brands of well-known supermarkets. KCDC confirmed inhalation toxicity of 6 products through an animal experimental test, and based on this observation recalled disinfectants containing PHMG (polyhexamethylene guanidine) and PGH (Oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl guanidinium chloride). Discussions: The use of these biocides involved highly fatal consequences among biologically vulnerable victims, such as pregnant women, several family member victims after semi-acute exposure. This is the first biocide disaster in Korea with non-specific targets, and unknown scale of victims, warranting concerns on use of biocides in the living environment. Conclusions: Special administrative agency for chemical safety and compensation act for environmental health victims are needed to prevent similar problems.

후쿠시마 원전사고와 한국의 원전안전정책

최예용,이상홍,백도명,Choi, Ye-Yong,Suzuki, Akira,Lee, Sang-Hong,Paek, Do-Myung 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.3

Exactly 25 years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, 11th of March 2011 the Fukushima nuclear accident occurred in Japan and was ranked at level 7 same to the Chernobyl. A Korean and Japanese joint civil survey was conducted around Fukushima on April 13-17. The radiation survey data clearly shows a large hotspot area between 20 km and 50 km radius north and west direction from the accident reactors, with the highest radiation recorded being 55.64 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the air, 99.89 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the surface air, and 36.16 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in a car, respectively. 3.65 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the air and 6.89 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the surface air were detected at the playground of an elementary school in Fukushima City. Spring came with full cherry blossoms in Fukushima, but it was silent spring of radiation contamination. Interviews with Fukushima nuclear refugees reveal serious problems about Japanese nuclear safety systems, such as there was no practical evacuation drill within 1-10 km and no plan at all for 10-30 km areas. Several reforms items for Korean nuclear safety system can be suggested: minimization of accident damage, clear separation of regulatory and safety bureaus with a new and independent administrating agency, community participation and agreement regarding the safety system and levels, which is the major concern of 80% Korean. To tackle threats of nuclear disaster in neighboring nations like China, a new position entitled 'Ambassador for nuclear safety diplomacy' is highly necessary. The nuclear safety of Korea should no longer be the monopoly of those nuclear engineers and limited technocrats criticized as a 'nuclear mafia'.

선태, 백지 외 10종 한약재 추출물 함유 외용한약의 아토피 피부염 치료효과에 대한 후향적 연구

최예용,최연길,신상호,조현정,이은지,박규정,윤영희,Choi, Ye-Yong,Choi, Yeon-Gil,Shin, Sang-Ho,Jo, Hyun-Jung,Lee, Eun-Ji,Park, Kyu-Jeong,Yun, Young-Hee 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2018 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine whether the topical preparations containing 12 herbal extracts is effective for patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 11 patients who were prescribed topical preparations containing 12 herbal extracts on the outpatient clinic of 4 hospitals; Noble Korean Medicine Clinic, Amar Korean Medicine Clinic, Chung-Yeon Korean Medical Hospital, Donggwangju Chung-Yeon Korean Medical Hospital. Results and Conclusions : A total of 11 patients were included in the selection and exclusion criteria. The OSI mean value before treatment and at the last treatment day decreased significantly from $37.03{\pm}16.75$ to $13.32{\pm}9.83$, and the mean value of EASI decreased from $13.33{\pm}12.85$ to $2.78{\pm}5.00$, which was statistically significant. No safety concerns were reported. The results of this study confirmed the possibility that the topical preparations can be effective in moderate to severe infants, adolescents, and adult atopic dermatitis patients.

[특집 : 환경정의 : 경험적 연구] 사례를 통해 본 대만과 한국에서의 환경정의 문제 - 환경 NGOs 활동을 중심으로

최예용(Ye-Yong Choi),류화진(Hwa-Jen Liu) 한국환경사회학회 2005 환경사회학연구 ECO Vol.9 No.-

이 글의 문제인식은 자연과 인간사회 간의 바람직한 관계를 만들어 내기 위한 환경운동이 사회의 불평등문제를 항상 포괄하는 것은 아니라는 점을 지적하는 데 있다. 보다 구체적으로 환경운동과 사회정의의 관계에 대해 환경 NGOs가 갖는 관점과 실천의 문제점을 제기하고자 한다. 대만과 한국에서의 각각 두 가지 환경관련 사건을 비교분석하면서 환경 NGOs의 활동을 비교분석하여 유사점과 차이점을 살펴본다.<br/> 첫 번째 비교사례는 대만의 란유섬에 위치한 핵폐기물 매립장을 둘러싼 주민들의 운동과 이를 지원하는 대만 환경단체들의 활동사례와 한국의 평택시 농촌마을에 위치한 한 산업폐기물소각장에 대한 주민들과 환경단체의 활동사례이다. 이들 사례는 농촌지역에서 발생한 환경오염 문제와 주민운동에 대해 환경단체가 적극적으로 결합하여 활동에 나선다. 두 번째 비교사례는 대만 타이페이시 도심에 위치한 슬럼가를 공원화하는 문제와 한국 서울의 청계천 복원사례이다. 이들 사례에서, 야기되는 개발과정에서 소외된 사람들의 저항과 문제제기에 대해 환경단체들은 매우 소극적으로 대응한다. 무엇이 환경단체를 다르게 행동하게 하는가?<br/> 우리의 문제의식은 두 가지이다. 먼저 대만과 한국의 환경NGO에게 있어 도시문제에 대한 비전과 전략이 부재하고 도시재개발의 과정에 대한 참여가 매우 낮다는 점이다. 다음은 환경정의의 관점이 지리적 위치에 따라 또는 단순하게 ‘환경친화적’으로 보이는 정책이라고 해서 선택적으로 적용되거나 배제되어서는 안 된다는 점이다. 우리는 환경운동이 사회평등적인 관점을 보다 분명하게 갖기를 바란다. In this paper we engage in a paired comparison of four local cases from Taiwan and South Korea to signify the roles that environmental NGOs have played or failed to play in confronting the issue of environmental justice.<br/> The first set of cases - Taiwan's nuclear dumping site in Lanyu island where the aborigines reside and Korea's Pyungtak incinerator, located in a rural community, for processing industrial wastes are classic "environmental justice" cases in which environmental NGOs unstintingly fought against environmentally unfriendly policy measures which at the same time exacerbated existing ethnical and regional inequality.<br/> The second set of cases is building a city park in Taipei by evicting thousands of slum dwellers and restoring the ancient stream Cheonggyecheon in the heart of Seoul by tearing down inner city highway and dislocating an old flea market and 73,000 street vendors. This case indicates environmental NGOs' ambiguous position over environmentally friendly measures which may very likely exacerbate the problem of social inequality in the process of urban restructuring.<br/> This paper means to put forward a blunt thesis: environmental activism shooting for a more balanced nature-society relationship does not automatically resolve the problem of existing social inequality. Rather, this is a task mediated through the practice and ideology of environmental NGOs in viewing the relationship between environmental action and social justice.<br/> In this paper we analyze the inconsistent roles that environmental NGOs have played under different circumstances. This is a project of strategic comparison, and there are two points worth reiterating. First, environmental NGOs in Taiwan and Korea must confront and correct their lack of an urban vision and low level of participation in the process of urban restructuring. Second, the principle of environmental justice should not be delimited by geographic locations nor applied selectively just because the policy looks "environmentally benign."<br/> If one day environmental NGOs can broaden their scope of concerns to the livelihood of urban poor, environmental movements then move one big step towards living up to the reputation of being a cross-class, universal movement.

볼륨매선침을 병행한 매선침법의 안면주름 개선 효과 3례: 증례 연구

윤영희,임정태,안진향,이진혁,최예용,신정민,Yun, Young-Hee,Leem, Jung-Tae,Ahn, Jin-Hyang,Lee, Jin-Hyuk,Choi, Ye-Yong,Shin, Jeong-Min 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2018 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Objectives : Recently, Thread Embedding Acupucnture (TEA) targeting under dermis became known to be effective for facial wrinkles and folds; its practice has begun in clinics. The introduction of a new form of TEA is continuing, and 'Volume TEA' is introduced recently. Therefore, we would like to report on the improvement of facial wrinkles by using the recently introduced 'volume TEA'. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of three patients who received 'Volume TEA' treatment at a Korean medical clinic, the photographs taken before and after the procedure were corrected using a Photoshop program and the length of the each wrinkles and folds were measured. Results : The length of wrinkles measured in all three cases decreased. Especially, the decrease of the length of the nasolabial folds was obvious. In case 1, the length of the nasolabial folds of 177mm and 97mm were reduced to 94mm and 63mm, respectively. In the case 2, the length of the nasolabial folds of 155mm and 155mm were reduced to 0mm and 70mm, respectively, after the procedure. In case 3, the length of the nasolabial folds of 170mm and 50mm decreased to 38mm and 37mm after the procedure, respectively. Conclusions : At present, it seems that the ongoing accumulation of relevant studies on the efficacy and safety of wrinkle and folds of TEA seems necessary. This study also has some significance in the level of case report.

허베이스피릿호 유류유출사고 방제작업에 참여한 주민의 정신건강

송민교,홍윤철,정해관,하미나,권호장,하은희,최예용,정우철,허종일,이승민,김은정,Song, Min-Kyo,Hong, Yun-Chul,Cheong, Hae-Kwan,Ha, Mi-Na,Kwon, Ho-Jang,Ha, Eun-Hee,Choi, Ye-Yong,Jeong, Woo-Chul,Hur, Jong-Il,Lee, Seung-Min,Kim, Eun-Jung 대한예방의학회 2009 예방의학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Objectives : Our objective was to examine and evaluate the psychological health of the residents of Taean during the cleanup of the Hebei Spirit(HS) oil spill and to review some factors associated with the results. Methods : A community survey of 71 men and women was conducted 8 weeks after the HS oil spill. Questionnaires used were the PWI(Psychological Well-being Index) scale for psychosocial distress, the CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression) scale for depressive symptoms, and a questionnaire created to assess suicidal impulses. Results : The overall prevalence of high-risk psychosocial distress among the study group was 64.2%. The percentages of respondents with scores on the CES-D Scale above 16 and above 21 were 77.6% and 62.7%, respectively. The percentage of respondents categorized as having suicidal impulses was 18.3%. When compared with unexposed groups in the general population taken from various sources, the residents of Taean were 6.5 times as likely to have high stress and 9.4-9.7 times as likely to be depressed. No significant difference in the rate of suicidal impulse was found between the residents of Taean and the general population. Factors associated with high stress, depression, and suicidal impulses were age, a change in income, educational level, number of days working on the cleanup, and positive responses to questions about "affected daily activity" and "hospital visit due to work on cleanup". Conclusions : The results suggest that the HS oil spill had a significant impact on the psychological health of residents of Taean, but the comparability of the unexposed groups is a limitation of the study.

과체중 및 비만 환자의 체중감량을 위한 식사량 조절 및 복합 한약 단기 치료(5일 레스큐 프로그램)의 효과와 안전성: 진료기반 연구

권병조,이은지,장정현,송창은,이혜련,김정은,윤영희,최예용,윤상훈,임정태,Kwon, Byeongjo,Lee, Eunji,Chang, Jeonghyun,Song, Changeun,Lee, Hyeryun,Kim, Jungeun,Yun, Younghee,Choi, Ye-yong,Yoon, Sang-Hoon,Leem, Jungtae 한방비만학회 2020 한방비만학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives: This study is a practice based research conducted to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a 5-day short-term diet program ('Oil-rescue' program) designed to reduce the adverse events and initial dropout rate in obesity treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 4 Korean medicine clinic patient data who completed 'Oil-rescue' program which is consisting of Gambi-hwan, Bium-hwan, Butgiban-hwan and Jayoon Kyungokgo. The weight change before and after participating 'Oil-rescue' program was primary outcome of our study. Changes in body mass index, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, body water content, lean body mass, protein, and minerals were also measured. Results: A total of 35 patients who satisfied the eligible criteria were finally included. The body weight decreased from 69.45±11.86 kg to 67.43±11.58 kg, a total of 2.02±1.03 kg (P<0.001). Body fat mass decreased from 25.77±7.45 kg to 24.98±7.26 kg, a total of 0.78±1.21 kg (P<0.001). Body mass index decreased from 26.39±3.64 kg/㎡ to 25.64±3.49 kg/㎡, a total of 0.75±0.41 kg/㎡. (P<0.001). A total of 15 patients had side effects such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and insomnia, but all were mild. 16 out of 35 people switched to long-term obesity treatment programs. Conclusions: Through this retrospective practice based research, it was found that the 'Oil-rescue' program effectively reduced body weight, body fat, and body mass index, and the other obesity related parameters. It was a relatively safe and effective short-term obesity treatment program.

가습기 살균제 노출 실태와 피해규모 추산

변지은(Jieun Byeon),김희성(Hee-sung Kim),박문영(Moon-young Park),이경무(Kyoung-mu Lee),홍명근(Mueng-Gun Hong),최예용(Ye-yong Choi) 한국환경보건학회 2020 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.46 No.4

Objective: This study was designed to estimate the precise nationwide number of those who used humidifier disinfectants (HDs) and experienced specific health effects, including death, due to exposure to HDs in Korea between 1994 and 2011. Methods: A total of 5,000 households (15,472 people) were surveyed by stratifying the sample with a design that is equivalent to nationally approved household systematic sampling and face-to-face interviews from October 16, 2019 to December 30, 2019. Results: The proportion of use of humidifier disinfectants at home was 18.4% (2,844/15,472 people) and the proportion of those who experienced health effects among those who were exposed to HDs was 10.7% (303/ 2,844 people). Based on these factors, it was estimated that 8.94 million people (95% CI=8.25-9.63 million) were exposed to HDs and 0.95 million people (95% CI=0.87-1.02 million) experienced health effects, which means almost one in five and one in fifty Koreans respectively. The estimated number of deaths from HDs were 20,366 people (95% CI=18,801-21,931). Conclusion: The survey was large and analyzed a representative sample across the country, so this estimation of the nationwide population exposed and at risk to HDs is more accurate and reliable than previous studies. However, it is necessary to confirm whether results similar to those of this study can be reproduced through a survey using a cross-sectional survey at the national level. In particular, a survey focused on death cases is needed.

샘플러를 통한 대기오염노출 평가와 건강영향 조사

이지나,허청송,임종한,최예용,김선태 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.2

In order to evaluate a health effect of air pollution, we designed exposure group(taxi driver, street sweeper, street trader,) and non-exposure group(office clerk). We analysed exposure and biologic marker by using personal sampler. Mean NO₂ and benzene level in each group were statistically significant. Also, respiratory symptom, chronic cough, sputum, and dyspnea on exertion were statistically significant in each group.