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최영성 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 2023 민족문화논총 Vol.84 No.-
용암 박운(1493~1562)은 조선 중기 경상도 선산(善山) 출신의 도학자다. 그는 소과(小科)에 급제한 뒤 벼슬에 나아가는 것을 단념하고 40여 년간 자신의수양을 위한 공부에 전념하였다. 1646년 선산의 낙봉서원(洛峯書院)에 배향된그는 선산을 대표하는 도학자로 자리매김되었다. 전국적인 지명도를 얻지는못했지만 경상도 북부 지역에서는 그의 학문적 영향력이 적지 않았다. 그는50세 이후로 『격몽편(擊蒙編)』과 『자양심학지론(紫陽心學至論)』 같은 성리학-심학(心學) 관련 저술을 편찬하였다. 이것은 일차적으로 초학자들을 위한 안내서이자 입문서로서의 역할을 하였다. 그러나 성격상 『격몽편』이 ‘초학(初 學)’에 해당하는 것이라면 『자양심학지론』은 ‘성학(成學)’에 연결되는 것이라 할 수 있다. 이 두 저술은 전후로 짝맞춤을 이룬다. 짝맞춤이란 ‘계획적인 저술’이라는 의미다. 박운의 양대 저술은 조선 성리학사에서 중요한 자료다. 도학을 공부하려는 사람들에게 그 길을 제시하였다는 점에서 그 공을 가볍게 볼수 없다. 성리학 발전사에서 그의 공은 인정되어야 할 것이다. Yong-ahm Park Woon (1493~1562) was a Neo-Confucian scholar from Seon-san, Gyeong-sang province living in the mid-age of Joseon dynasty. He passed a national exam of recruiting loyal servants but decided not to become a loyal servant, and then he had devoted himself for discipline for about 40 years. In 1646, he was enshrined in Nak-bong Confucian school located in Seon-san and positioned as a Neo-Confucian scholar representing Seon-san. Even if he did not gain a nationwide reputation, he had a large academic influence in the northern area of Gyeong-sang province. Since 50, he had written Neo-Confucianism related books especially for study of mind such as GyeokMongPyeon (擊蒙編) and JaYangSimHakJiRon (紫陽心學至論), which firstly played the role of a guide book and an introduction book for beginners. However, GyeokMongPyeon was for beginning of study while JaYangSimHak- JiRon for achievement of study. Therefore, these two books are combined; one for the former part and the other for the latter part, which means that they were written by design. Such two books of his are important data f or Neo-C onfucian h istory o f Joseon dynasty. They are highly positioned in the aspect that they suggest the way of studying for those who want to study Neo-Confucianism. His contribution to the history of Neo-Confucianism cannot be ignored.
최영성 영남대학교 독도연구소 2019 독도연구 Vol.- No.26
This article is to reexamine characteristics of Ahn Yongbok’s visit to Japan in 1696 with his companions. The fact that his visit was not on his personal level but government officials sent a secret emissary is the core of the study. Nam Guman (南九萬) and Yun Jiwan (尹趾完) are pointed as behind sending Ahn Yongbok’s party as a secret emissary. They are the key heavyweights on Soron (少論) government coming to power in 1694 and unlike the previous Namin (南人) government, they took a firm line with diplomatic policy toward Japan. Official envoys were not dispatched because there was a big difference in the way each faction handled Ulleungdo issue. It is hard to find that Ahn Yongbok’s party was envoys from Joseon’s official records but it is demonstrated on Japan’s historical records including Jukdogo (竹島考). This research studies historical evidences that support they were secret emissaries from various angles as follows. The study clarifies that ① Nam Guman and Yun Jiwan led the secret emissary dispatch as demonstrated on the collection of their literary works and; finds ② five Buddhist priests that belong to naval forces (義僧水軍, Uiseungsugun) at Yeosu Heungguksa also joined the visit to Japan and consequently explores connection with Jeollajwasuyeong (全羅左水營). ③ The study also examines that after Ahn Yongbok’s visit to Japan, King Sukjong, Nam Guman and Yun Jiwan maintained secrecy from beginning to end, prevented political disputes and smoothly dealt with the matter. ④ In addition, the study discovers a literature that understands the visit to Japan by Ahn Yongbok’s party was from a dimension of ‘secret emissary dispatch’ and presents its contents. The reason why Ahn Yongbok affair was recorded as an individual’s aberration on Joseon history is the visit to Japan by Ahn Yongbok’s party was of secret emissary dispatched by government officials. To understand Ahn Yongbok’s 2nd visit to Japan from the perspective of ‘diplomacy of secret emissary’ would solve numerous questions and misapprehensions. 본고는 안용복 일행이 1696년에 도일(渡日)한 것의 성격을 재검토한 것이다. 개인 차원이 아니라 정부 당국자가 밀사를 파견한 것이라는 점이 골자다. 밀사 파견의 배후로 지목되는 인물은 남구만(南九萬)과 윤지완(尹趾完)이다. 이들은 1694년에 집권한 소론(少論) 정권의 핵심 실세로서, 대일외교(對日外交)에서 남인(南人) 정권과는 달리 강경책을 폈다. 공식 사절을 파견하지 못한 것은 울릉도 문제에 대하여 각 정파 간의 인식차가 컸기 때문이다. 안용복 일행이 사신이었다는 점은 조선 측 공식 기록에서는 찾아보기 어렵지만, 일본 측 사료의 경우 『죽도고(竹島考)』 등에서 밝힌 바 있다. 본고에서는 안용복 일행이 밀사였음을 다음과 같이 다각도로 고증하였다. ① 남⋅윤의 문집 등을 통해 그들이 밀사 파견을 주도하였음을 밝히고, ② 여수 흥국사(興國寺)에 소속된 5명의 의승수군(義僧水軍: 수군 소속의 승려)이 도일에 동참한 것을 통해 전라좌수영(全羅左水營)과의 연결고리를 탐색하였다. ③ 안용복 도일 이후 숙종과 남구만⋅윤지완 등이 시종 비밀을 지키는 가운데 정쟁(政爭)을 막고 사건을 원만하게 처리했음을 고찰하였고, ④ 안용복 일행의 도일을 ‘밀사 파견’으로 파악한 문헌을 찾아 그 내용을 제시하였다. 조선의 역사서에 안용복 사건이 개인의 일탈행위로 기록된 것은, 안용복 일행의 도일이 정부 당국자가 비밀리에 파견한 밀사였기 때문이다. 안용복의 제2차 도일은 ‘밀사 외교’라는 관점에서 이해하면 수많은 의문과 오해가 풀릴 것이다.
최영성 동방한문학회 2023 東方漢文學 Vol.- No.96
Song-seok Lee Byeong-yeon(1894∼1976), a modern time Confucian scholar from Gongju, Chungcheong province, is well known as the writer of JoSeonHwanYeoSeungRam(朝鮮寰輿勝覽) , the geographic book greatest ever since DongGukYeoJiSeungRam(東國輿地勝覽) . In such modern period, JoSeonHwanYeoSeungRam was the newest geographic book that reflected the data scattering till the middle of the 20th century as much as they could be collected following DongGukYeoJiSeungRam of the 16th century and DaeDongJeeJee of the 19th century. It has various specialties including the point that a person wrote a geographic book with huge amount of data, the point that it was distributed through commercial marketing ways and etc. An intellectual living in a provincial village tried to look for a way of contributing to the society and then finally made his best to make the people regain the national spirit and independent sense by writing an anthropo-geographic book, which gives us a clew to see Lee Byeong-yeon’s patriotic appearance. This article is mainly about his life and academic spirit, focusing on the issue, ‘What manner of man is Lee Byeong-yeon?’, in the aspect of ‘looking into a character’. Furthermore, this article investigates the purpose that he resolved to write JoSeonHwanYeoSeungRam for and the spiritual world that the book shows. Lee Byeong-yeon wanted to prove that the geography and history of Korea were still alive and the spirits of historic figures would never die by writing JoSeonHwanYeoSeungRam even if Korea lost its national rights temporarily.