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活性슬러지工程의 最適 運轉因子에 關한 硏究 -江陵下水處理場을 中心으로
崔善道,曺圭敏 三陟大學校 2001 論文集 Vol.34 No.2
A sewage treatment plant which has been operated by the treatment process of conventional activated sludge process and its optimal operating factors depends on a condition of its design and environment. This study was carried out by experiments to exhibit optimal operating factors of the Sludge process. The sewage was inflowed regularly but in winter. The concentration of Inflow water appeared that of spring/summer is higher than that of autumn/winter. The removal rate of BOD/SS sppeared in the order of summer>spring>autumn>winter. MLSS was maintained high in winter/spring, low in summer/autumn, because it changes according to the temperature of the aeration tank and pollutional concentration of the inflow water. The optimal operating factors can improve the process efficiency and operate easily at the sewage treatment plant. The results of this study were summarized as follow; 1) In the winter, it has been measured that DO is 1.5mg/ℓ, MLSS is 2,191mg/ℓ, SV?? Is 15%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.16, SVI is 68, SRT is 10 day, the return rate of sludge is 44%. 2) In the spring, it has been measured that DO is 2.3mg/ℓ, MLSS is 2,047mg/ℓ, SV??is 21%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.15, SVI is 106, SRT is 6 day, the return rate of sludge is 37%. 3)In the summer, it has been measured that DO is 0.8mg/ℓ, MLSS is 1,653mg/ℓ, SV?? is 8.5%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.3, SVI is 51.6, SRT is 4 day, the return rate of sludge is 33%. 4) In the autumn, it has been measured that DO is 0.7mg/ℓ, MLSS is 1,560mg/ℓ, SV?? is 9.7%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.17, SVI is 62, SRT is 7.91 day, the return rate of sludge is 38%.
Isoquinolinium Chlorochromate와 Quinolinium Chlorochromate를 이용한 알코올류의 선택적 산화반응
최선도,박영조,이은주 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2003 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.2
Isoquinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) and quinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) were synthesized. which were used to oxidize benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol. primary alcohol and secondary alcohols in DMF to give aldehyde of each compound. Their structures were verified by IR, EA and ICP. The oxidation of alcohols was examined by isoquinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) and quinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) in DMF. As a result, isoquinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) and quinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) were found as efficicent oxidizing agents that converted benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The selective oxidation of alcohols was also examined by isoquinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) and quinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) in DMF. isoquinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) and quinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) were selective oxidizing agents of benzylic alcohol. allylic alcohol and primary alcohol in the presence of secondary alcohols.
4,4'-Bipyridinium Chlorochromate를 이용한 치환 벤질알코올류의 산화반응 속도
최선도,박영조 한국공업화학회 2002 공업화학 Vol.13 No.3
4,4'-bipyridinium chlorochromate(4,4'-BPCC)를 합성하여 IR, EA 및 ICP로 구조를 확인하였다. 4,4'-BPCC를 이용하여 벤질알코올의 산화반응을 측정한 결과, 유전상수 값이 큰 용매 순서인 시클로헥센<클로로포롬<아세톤<아세토니트릴 용매에서 높은 산화반응성을 보였다. 4,4'-BPCC를 이용하여 치환 벤질알코올류의 산화반응속도를 측정한 결과 Hammett 반응상수 p값은 -0.69이였다. 이상과 같은 고찰로부터 4,4'-BPCC를 이용한 알코올의 산화반응 과정의 메카니즘은 RC^+HOH 중간체가 형성되는 단계가 반응속도 결정단계인 두 단계 반응 메카니즘으로 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 4,4'-bipyridinium chlorochromate(4,4'-BPCC) was synthesized by the reaction of 4,4'-bipyridine with chromiun(VI) trioxide in 6 M hydrochloric acid, 4,4'-BPCC structure was verified by IR, EA and ICP. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol usin 4,4'-BPCC in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant's order: cyclohexen<chloroform<acetone<acetonitrile. In the presence of acid, 4,4'-BPCC oxidized the substituted benzyl alcohols in N,N-dimethylformamide. The Hammett reaction constant p was -0.69 at 303 K. The observed experimental data was used to rationalize the hydride ion transfer in the rate-determining step.
C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3CI와 RuCI_2(PPh_3)_3를 이용한 알코올류의 선택적 산화반응과 그 성질에 관한 연구
최선도,박영조 三陟大學校 2003 論文集 Vol.36 No.-
C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3Cl and RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3 were synthesized, which were used to oxidize benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols in DMF to give aldehyde of each compound. Their structures were verified by IR. EA and ICP. The oxidation of alcohols was examined by C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3Cl and RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3 in DMF. As a result, C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3Cl and RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3 were found as efficient oxidizing agents that converted benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The selective oxidation of alcohols was also examined by C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3Cl and RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3 in DMF. C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3Cl and RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3 Were selective oxidizing agents of benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol and primary alcohol in the presence of secondary alcohols.
Isoquinolinium Dichromate에 의한 Alcohol류의 산화반응 속도론과 메카니즘
최선도,박영조,이은주 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2003 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.2
Isoquinolinium dichromate[(C_(9)H_(7)NH)₂Cr₂O_(7)] was synthesized by the reaction of isoquinoline with chromium(VI) trioxide in water. isoquinolinium dichromate[(C_(9)H_(7)NH)₂Cr₂O_(7)] structure was verified by IR. EA and ICP. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol by isoquinolinium dichromate[(C_(9)H_(7)NH)₂Cr₂O_(7)] in carious solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant s order: cyclohexen < chloroform < acetone < acetonitrile. In the presence of acid, isoquinolinium dichromate [(C_(9)H_(7)NH)₂Cr₂O_(7)] oxidized the substituted benzyl alcohols in N,N-dimethylformamide. The Hammett reaction constant p was -0.69 at 303K. The observed experimental data was used to rationalize the hydride ion transfer in the rate-determining step.
Cr(Ⅵ)-헤테로고리 착물에 의한 알코올류의 선택적 산화반응
최선도,박영조 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2004 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1
Pyrazinium chlorochromate[C₄H₄N₂HCrO₃Cl]and isoquinolinium dichromate[(C_(9)H_(7)NH)₂Cr₂O_(7)] were synthesized, which were used to oxidize benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols in DMF to give aldehyde of each compound. Their structures were verified by IR, EA and ICP. The oxidation of alcohols was examined by isoquinolinium dichromate and pyrazinium chlorochromate in DMF. As a result, isoquinolinium dichromate and pyrazinium chlorochromate were found as efficicent oxidizing agents that converted benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The selective oxidation of alcohols was also examined by isoquinolinium dichromate and pyrazinium chlorochromate in DMF. isoquinolinium dichromate and pyrazinium chlorochromate were selective oxidizing agents of benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol and primary alcohol in the presence of secondary alcohols.