교회의 사회복지 활동 활성화를 위한 의식개혁과 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구

최무열 영남신학대학교 2000 신학과 목회 Vol.14 No.-

Multi-Channel Audio CODEC with Channel Interference Suppression

최무열,이성노,이명진,이용희,박호진,공배선 대한전자공학회 2015 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.15 No.6

A multi-channel audio CODEC with inter-channel interference suppression is proposed, in which channel switching noise-referred sampling error is significantly reduced. It also supports a coarse/fine mode operation for fast frequency tracking with good harmonic performance. The proposed multi-channel audio CODEC was designed in a 65 nm CMOS process. Measured results indicated that SNR and SNDR of ADC were 93 dB and 84dB, respectively, with SNDR improved by 43 dB. Those of DAC were 96 dB and 87 dB, respectively, with SNDR improved by 45 dB when all the channels are running independently.

종교개혁의 진정한 시발점으로서의 자선개혁에 관한 소고 : 루터와 칼빈의 자선개혁을 중심으로

최무열 부산장신대학교 2006 부산장신논총 Vol.6 No.-

[초록 없음]

혼합여기모델을 이용한 대역 확장된 음성신호의 음질 개선

최무열,김형순,Choi Mu Yeol,Kim Hyung Soon 대한음성학회 2004 말소리 Vol.52 No.-

The quality of narrowband speech can be enhanced by the bandwidth extension technology. This paper proposes a mixed excitation and an energy compensation method based on Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). First, we employ the mixed excitation model having both periodic and aperiodic characteristics in frequency domain. We use a filter bank to extract the periodicity features from the filtered signals and model them based on GMM to estimate the mixed excitation. Second, we separate the acoustic space into the voiced and unvoiced parts of speech to compensate for the energy difference between narrowband speech and reconstructed highband, or lowband speech, more accurately. Objective and subjective evaluations show that the quality of wideband speech reconstructed by the proposed method is superior to that by the conventional bandwidth extension method.

Eigenvoice 기반 화자가중치 거리측정 방식을 이용한 화자 분할 시스템

최무열,김형순,Choi, Mu-Yeol,Kim, Hyung-Soon 한국음향학회 2012 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

화자 분할 기술은 오디오 데이터로부터 자동적으로 화자 경계 구간을 검출하는 것이다. 화자 분할 방식은 화자에 대한 선행 지식 사용 여부에 따라 거리기반 방식과 모델기반 방식으로 나누어진다. 본 논문에서는 eigenvoice 기반의 화자가중치 거리를 이용한 화자 분할 방식을 도입하고, 이 방식을 대표적인 거리 기반 방식들과 비교한다. 또한, 화자가중치의 거리 측정 함수로 유클리드 거리와 cosine 유사도를 사용하여 화자 분할 성능을 비교하고, eigenvoice 방식에 의해 화자 적응된 모델들 사이의 직접적인 거리를 이용한 화자 분할 방식과의 비교를 통해 화자가중치 거리를 이용한 방식이 계산량면에서 효율적인 점을 검증한다. Speaker segmentation is a process of automatically detecting the speaker boundary points in the audio data. Speaker segmentation methods are divided into two categories depending on whether they use a prior knowledge or not: One is the model-based segmentation and the other is the metric-based segmentation. In this paper, we introduce the eigenvoice-based speaker weight distance method and compare it with the representative metric-based methods. Also, we employ and compare the Euclidean and cosine similarity functions to calculate the distance between speaker weight vectors. And we verify that the speaker weight distance method is computationally very efficient compared with the method directly using the distance between the speaker adapted models constructed by the eigenvoice technique.

한국교회 초기선교에 있어서의 사회사업적 접근 (의료선교를 중심으로)

최무열 한국선교신학회 2002 선교신학 Vol.5 No.-

한국교회의 위기 극복과 대사회적 신뢰성 회복방안으로서의 디아코니아 활용에 관한 소고

최무열 한국실천신학회 2015 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.47

한국교회는 선교의 초기부터 민족의 아픔 및 고통과 함께 하는 통전적 선교적 자세를 분명히 견지하였다. 그리하여 오늘날 한국교회는 세계 역사 가운데서도 그 유래를 찾아보기 힘들 정도의 급속한 성장을 거듭하여 오늘에 이르고 있다. 그러나 안타깝게도 1990년대에 들어 한국교회는 그동안의 사회적 관심을 포함한 통전적 선교자세를 버리고 오로지 교회성장에만 열을 올림으로서 세상의 빛과 소금의 역할을 감당해야 할 교회가 오히려 사회적 지탄의 대상이 되고 있다는 사실은 참으로 안타까운 일이 아닐 수 없다. 오늘날 다양한 측면에서 한국교회의 위기에 대한 목소리가 고조되고 있다. 이는 단적으로 한국교회가 사회적 공신력과 신뢰성을 상실한데 그 원인 있다고 본다. 그렇다면 추락할 대로 추락한 기독교의 사회적 신뢰도를 어떻게 극복할 것인가? 그 궁극적인 해답이 바로 섬기는 교회로의 페러다임의 전환 즉 교회가 종의 자세로서 사회를 섬기는 디아코니아적 교회로 전환될 때에만 가능한 것이다. 그러나 아무리 디아코니아가 한국교회를 새롭게 하고 무너진 사회적 공신력과 신뢰도를 형성하는 중요한 도구로 작용한다 하더라도 여기에 대한 분명한 실천원리와 철학, 그리고 분명한 방법론이 제시되지 않는다면 이는 그 효과를 극대화 할 수 없는 것이다. 따라서 이 논문은 교회가 이 위기의 시점에서 디아코니아를 어떻게 구체적으로 실천해야 하는지에 대한 분명한 인식과 더불어 성경이 제시하는 섬김의 원리, 실천 방법들을 제시함으로서 사회적 공신력을 회복은 물론 다시 한번 한국교회의 올바른 성장과 부흥을 향하여 나아갈 수 있게 하는데 그 목적이 있다. The Korean church has had a firm attitude of Diakonia which allowed it to sincerely participate with affirmation in the agony of the Korean people from the early days of the church. This in turn established rapid growth and public confidence that is almost unparalleled in history up to now. It is very unfortunate, however, that the Korean church, which should be the salt and light of the world, has now become a target of accusation and criticism from society as she neglected the mission of serving and sharing with society and focused solely on church growth. As a result, a call for self-examination toward the Korean church is rapidly increasing, and other voices are also being raised in various ways from different parts of society. The symptoms of the crisis of the Korean church are being found elsewhere. Firstly, the reason we define the Korean church as in crisis is due to the seriousness of the rapid decrease of the number of church members. It is almost a certainty that the number of Korean churches will reach an all time low within a few decades without special and innovative plans to solve this problem. The second reason we define the Korean church as in crisis is the collapse of the Korean church’s Sunday school. It is shocking that about 50% of Sunday schools disappeared in the process of decrease. Without the next generation, the church is going to die out naturally before long. Thirdly, another evidence of the crisis of the Korean church is the damage on the public confidence that the Korean church heaped up for more than 100 years of church history with unspeakable endurance and endeavor. Loss of public confidence is the most dangerous and threatening factor among the three factors driving the Korean church into crisis. Unless the Korean church restores this fallen public confidence by putting in a great deal of effort, the fruits of missions of churches cannot be expected, no matter how diligently the church spreads the Gospel. If so, how can the Korean church restore the public confidence that has hit rock bottom? To answer this question plainly, it is necessary to carefully examine the wholistic mission of the early Korean church and missions which combined the Gospel and social sharing, and a guideline as to how the early Korean church served society and what kind of attitude the Korean church had toward society needs to be provided. Needless to say, the Korean church sustained an attitude of social orientation from the beginning, which automatically established firm public confidence, gaining the heart of the people. In this way, the only way to restore the fallen public confidence of the Korean church is by shifting the paradigm into serving the church and the society as a servant of Jesus Christ. In short, the church should not ignore the problem of the society in which the church is located, and have a desire to solve its problems to gain the heart of the community. Then, there is no doubt that the society that turned its back toward the church will warmly welcome church again, and the Korean church will stand firm.

한국 다문화가정 문제의 효과적 접근을 위한 신학적 준거틀 형성 : 구약과 외경을 중심으로

최무열 한국교회사회사업학회 2009 교회와 사회복지 Vol.11 No.-

본 연구는 현재 한국사회에서 중요한 사회문제로 대두되고 있는 다문화가정에 대한 접근으로서 일차적으로 한국교회가 이들에 대하여 어떻게 구체적으로 접근할 것인가에 대한 신학적, 철학적 준거틀을 마련하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 성공적인 다문화가정과 다문화 사회의 정착은 분명한 신학적 근거를 마련해야 하기 때문에 본 연구는 성서에서 다문화에 대하여 어떻게 이해하며 이스라엘 사회는 도적적인 측면에서, 그리고 법률적 관점에서 구체적으로 어떻게 그들에게 접근하고 있는가를 살펴보고 이를 어떻게 다문화 문제가 대두되고 있는 한국사회에 적용할 것인가를 고찰하였다. Having been called a single-race nation and the white-clad folk, Korean people were very proud of being a homogeneous ethnic group, so in Korea, multi-cultural problems have not been a issue of much interest so far. However, due to rapid industrialization and an influx of foreign population, traditional single-race thought has been attenuated and Korea has now obviously become a multi-cultural society. The sudden inflow of foreign workers and international marriages in particular have not only accelerated the transition into a multi-cultural nation, but also Korean society, maintaining over 1,000,000 foreigners accounting for 1/40 of the whole Korean population, is experiencing multi-cultural problems which civilized countries have already faced in the process of industrialization. In regards to this, the writer felt a strong necessity to refer to how the Israelietes and the Bible reflect on this matter and how they treat foreigners in their land, in order to approach and to solve multi-cultural problems emerging in Korean society more effectively, as the writer thought that the principle and method of the Bible is the most successful way of application on multi-cultural issues. Amazingly, in the Bible, the same rights and accountabilities are given by law for all foreigners dwelling in Israel land, and also special care for foreigners is elucidated clearly in their law and, in fact, these codes were being performed in their lives systematically. Of course, foreigners were excluded in certain activities and aspects, such as not being eligible for the throne, Israelites could take interest from foreigners, foreigners were not able to eat sacred food, and Israelites could not marry foreigners who worshipped idols. However, this was not to discriminate the foreigners, but was a special way of protection to keep their holiness and piety. On the contrary to this in nearly all aspects, the same rules and rights were applied to all foreigners by law, that is, same status and same rights, same application of restitution, same application of lawsuit, sustaining equality on lawsuit, same application and same care on social marginated people, same application on rest and holidays, and same application on social sharing, same application on ritual and religious events, application on communal life as holy people, same application on learning the Bible, same application on refugee cities, same application on concluding covenant, and so on. With this, as far as the writer is concerned, the principal, thoughts, and methods of the Bible for caring and securing foreigners itself is the clearest way of application to solve multi-cultural problems in Korean society. I am very sure that as long as we accept, apply, and practice these biblical perspectives in Korea, we will be able to successfully and effectively cope with emerging problems related to multi-cultural issues.

한국교회 사회봉사에 영향을 미친 제 요인에 관한 분석적 소고

최무열 한국교회사회사업학회 2003 교회와 사회복지 Vol.1 No.-

교회 사회개혁운동의 효과적 방편으로서의 사회복지 활동에 관한 소고 : 독일, 영국, 미국, 그리고 한국교회를 중심으로

최무열 부산장신대학교 2009 부산장신논총 Vol.9 No.-

[초록 없음]