하사근기능항진에서 수평사시의 동반 유무에 따른 임상양상

최덕규,최미영,Duk Kyu Choi,Mi Young Choi 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.10

Purpose: To investigate the clinical manifestations of and the surgical success rates in patients with horizontal strabismus and inferior oblique overaction (IOOA). Methods: The patients included in the present study had received myectomy for correction of IOOA and had at least 3 months of follow-up. The patients were divided into 2 groups; patients who received myectomy and surgery for horizontal strabismus simultaneously (combined group, 74 eyes of 49 patients) and patients who received myectomy only (myectomy group, 29 eyes of 24 patients). Chief complaints, head tilt, bilaterality of IOOA, ocular torsion, and the surgical success rates were analyzed. Results: In the combined group, 51% of the chief complaints were horizontal deviation, and in the myectomy group 42% were upward deviation and 29% were head tilt. Objective head tilt was 29% in the combined group and 54% in the myectomy group and the difference was significant. There was no significant difference statistically in the success rate of myectomy. Conclusions: The frequency of symptoms associated with IOOA in the combined group was lower than in the myectomy group. Therefore, preoperative examination regarding IOOA should be carefully performed in patients who are planning a horizontal strabismus surgery because there was no difference in surgical success rate between the 2 groups, the association with horizontal strabismus may have no effect on the surgical results of IOOA. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(10):1493-1499

속발내사시 수술 전후 임상경과

최덕규,최미영.Duk Kyu Choi. MD. Mi Young Choi. MD. PhD 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.3

Purpose: To report the clinical outcome of patients with consecutive esotropia (ET) in the pre- and post-operative periods and at the last postoperative visit. Methods: The present study included 12 patients who underwent surgery for the correction of consecutive ET. The angle of deviation, duration of consecutive ET, and surgical and non-surgical methods for correction of consecutive ET were investigated. The sensory status was evaluated before the surgery of exotropia (XT), during consecutive ET and after the surgery for consecutive ET. Results: The average angle of deviation before the surgery of XT was 27.5 PD and 3 patients had lateral incomittancy. Alternate occlusion treatment was performed in all patients, and 10 patients wore Fresnel prisms. The average angle of deviation of consecutive ET was 24.3 PD. After an average of 30 months postoperative consecutive ET, 9 patients were orthotropic or had deviation within 8 PD, 2 patients had 15 PD ET, and 1 patient had 20 PD XT. There were 3 patients whose stereopsis was aggravated and 1 patient had poorer fusion during consecutive ET, and recovered after the surgery for consecutive ET. No patients had a decrease in visual acuity. Conclusions: As a result of alternate occlusion and Fresnel prisms during consecutive ET after surgery of XT, the incidence of aggravation in binocularity was low, and the cases with aggravated binocularity were recovered after surgical correction of consecutive ET. The surgical success rate was 75% in consecutive ET. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(3):446-451

감마 및 다중 포인터 니를 이용한 스마트폰 카메라의 광 다이나믹 영역 확장

최덕규,한찬호,Choi, Duk-Kyu,Han, Chan-Ho 대한임베디드공학회 2013 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.8 No.1

The narrow dynamic range of most smart phone cameras is severely limited. It usually is narrower than the dynamic range of most scenes. So we proposes a illuminance dynamic range expansion using multi-point knee for smart phone camera. Such as logarithmic functions the proposed method compress the image sensor output signal. Additionally, the proposed method was merged into the gamma that is essential circuit for any cameras. To justifying multi-point knee effectiveness, we configure the control and quality evaluation system for smart phone camera module. Experimental results show that the lost information by cut off and saturated affectively reconstructed in darker and in brighter areas. Finally this methods have advantage to implement without any changing hardware for conventional smart phones.

굴절조절내사시의 임상양상에 대한 10년간의 경과 관찰

최덕규,최미영,Duk Kyu Choi,Mi Young Choi 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.11

Purpose: To analyze the clinical features of patients who successfully discontinued correction with hyperopic glasses for refractive accommodative esotropia during a 10 year follow-up. Methods: The authors of the present study analyzed 29 patients followed-up for a minimum of 10 years after diagnosis of accommodative esotropia. The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who successfully discontinued correction with hyperopic glasses (10 patients, Group A), and patients who required constant use of hyperopic glasses (19 patients, Group B). The age at first visit, refractive error, deviated angle without correction, stereopsis, and follow-up duration were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The mean age at first visit for all patients was 3.03 ± 1.46 years, and the follow-up duration was 11.3 ± 1.51 years. Patients in Group A discontinued the use of hyperopic glasses after 10.26 ± 2.08 years. There were no statistical differences in mean age at first visit, deviated angle without correction, stereopsis, follow-up duration, or the amount of change in hyperopia. The initial amount of hyperopia in Group A was 3.81 ± 1.54 D, significantly lower than the 5.12 ± 1.37 D in Group B. Conclusions: After a 10 year follow-up of accommodative esotropia, 34% of the patients discontinued the use of hyperopic glasses, and the hyperopic amount at initial visit was statistically lower than that of patients who required constant use of hyperopic glasses. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(11):1331-1336

폐쇄각 환자에서 주변홍채절개술 후 안압의 재상승

최덕규,형성민.Duk Kyu Choi. MD. Sungmin Hyung. MD. PhD 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.6

Purpose: To investigate the long-term effects of maintenance of intraocular pressure (IOP) after peripheral laser iridotomy (PLI) in patients with closed angle. Methods: The patients who received PLI were assessed and divided into 2 groups. There were 38 patients (41 eyes) with a history or ocular findings of acute angle-closure attack in Group A, and 54 patients (70 eyes) who underwent prophylactic PLI in Group B. IOP over 18 mm Hg was considered to be re-elevated. The number of patients with re-elevated IOP and the duration until the re-elevation was investigated. Results: The amount of IOP elevation immediately after PLI at 6, 24, and 48 months was 0.9, 2.5, and 2.6 mm Hg in Group A, and 0.1, 0.5, 0.5 mm Hg in Group B, respectively. The IOP re-elevation rate was 26.8, 40.0, and 51.4% at 6, 24, and 48 months in Group A and 8.6, 27.2, and 30.4% in Group B with statistically significant difference (p = 0.02, log-rank test). Conclusions: Close, long-term observation for patients who receive PLI is recommended because there is a high risk of IOP re-elevation within 1 year after PLI. After prophylactic PLI, IOP was maintained under 18 mm Hg for a longer period than after acute angle-closure attack, thus performing preventive PLI should be considered. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(6):716-720

굴절부등약시에서 약시치료 전 안경착용의 효과

최덕규,최미영,Duk Kyu Choi,Mi Young Choi 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.5

Purpose: To identify the efficacy of spectacle wearing for 4 months before amblyopia treatment in children with anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: The patients with anisometropic amblyopia without strabismus were selected for the present study. The patients were divided into 2 groups; patients who began amblyopia treatment while simultaneously wearing glasses (Group A, 16 patients) and patients who began amblyopia treatment after wearing spectacles for 4 months (Group B, 17 patients). Intermittent atropine penalization or part-time occlusion was provided for amblyopia treatment. Age and best-corrected visual acuity at the start and cessation of treatment, type of amblyopia, treatment method and duration of treatment were analyzed. Results: There were no statistical differences among age, best-corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic and better eyes, type of amblyopia, or treatment method between the 2 groups. In Group B, visual acuity of the amblyopic and better eyes improved after 4 months of spectacle wearing. At the last visit, there were no statistical differences of visual acuity in the amblyopic eye between the 2 groups. In children with resolution of amblyopia, the treatment duration of Group A (15 patients) was 17.3 months, longer than the 4.7 months in Group B (13 patients) (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Wearing spectacles for 4 months prior to amblyopia treatment may be an effective method of shortening the treatment duration. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(5):550-556

시각계 색 순응을 고려한 텔레비전 수상기에서의 색 재현

최덕규,한찬호,이건일,송규익,Choi, Duk-Kyu,Han, Chan-Ho,Lee, Kuhn-Il,Sohng, Kyu-Ik 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s35 No.11

시청자가 일반 가정에서 텔레비전을 시청할때 주로 백열등이나 형광등의 실내 조명광을 켠 상태에서 시청하게 된다. 시각이 표준 조명과 다른 주위 조명광에 색 순응되어졌을때, 텔레비전 수상기의 동일한 속도는 꽤 다른 색으로 느껴진다. 따라서 텔레비전 색 재현에서는 인간 시각의 색 순응 현상을 고려한 원 피사체의 겉보기를 재현하는 대응색 재현이 바람직하다. 본 논문에서는 텔레비전을 표준 조명 ($D_{65}$)이 아닌 백열등이나 형광등 조명하에서 시청할 때 인간 시각의 색 순응 현상을 고려하여 원 피사체의 색과 동일한 느낌을 갖도록 수상관상에서 대응색을 재현하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법에서는 주위 조명광에 의한 눈의 순응 화이트 좌표를 Hunt의 실험결과로부터 얻었으며, 색 순응 현상에 의한 대응색의 좌표를 Bartleson의 색 순응 예측으로부터 구하였다. 또한 제안한 방법을 실제 텔레비전에 적용시키기 위하여 텔레비전 수상기 내부의 색 복조축 위상 및 이득을 독립적으로 변화시켜 주위 조명에 따른 대응색이 디스플레이 되도록 하였다. 제안된 방법을 실험한 결과 형광등과 백열등 조명에 대한 대응색으로 실제의 수상기에 디스플레이시켜서 텔레비전을 시청했을 때, 보정하지 않은 경우에 비하여 원 피사체의 색에 매우 가깝게 느껴짐을 확인하였다. The viewers primarily watch a television under the surround light source of an incandescent or a fluorescent light. When human visual system has been adapted chromtically under the different surround light, the same chromaticities elicit quite different color appearnaces. Therefore, the corresponding color reproduction is the most suitable objective of a color television system. In this paper, an efficient corresponding color reproduction method based on the chromatic adaptation of human visual system is proposed in which colors in the display have the same appearance as the colors in the original would have had if they had been illuminated by standard illuminant ($D_{65}$). The chromaticities that appeared neutral in human visual system were determined by the Hunt's experimental results of the color adaptation in picture viewing situations and the corresponding chromaticity coordinates of stimuli in chromatic adaptation were obtained by the Bartleson's theory. Also, the corresponding color reproduction is realized by changing the phase and the gain of the demodulation axes in television receiver. Experimental results show that the proposed corresponding color displayed on the television is better than that of the conventional colorimetric color reproduction under the surround light sources.

변형된 색상가중 휘도복조 방식에 의한 고채도 영상의 색경계 보정

최덕규,이광순,송규익,Choi, Duk-Kyu,Lee, Kwang-Soon,Sohng, Kyu-Ik 대한전자공학회 1999 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s36 No.12

일반적인 칼러 텔레비전 시스템에서는 색차신호의 대역제한으로 인하여 고채도 영상의 색경계 부분이 열화된다. 본 논문에서는 경계부분의 열화를 보정하기 위해 잡음의 영향을 적게 받는 변형된 색상가중 휘도복조 방식을 제안하였다. 제안 방식에서는 색차신호의 미분치와 대역제한된 휘도신호의 미분치의 비로써 색상 가중치를 구하였다. 색신호의 분리가 양호한 경우, 1차 저역통과 필터를 거친 색차신호와 휘도 신호는 이론적으로 거의 완전한 보정을 할 수 있다. 또한 잡음이 있는 화상인 경우 제안 방식으로 보정하는 과정에서 미분처리에 따른 임펄스성 잡음이 수반될 수 있으며 이를 제거하기 위한 잡음저감 방법도 함께 고려하였다. 잡음이 있는 화상을 사용한 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해서 고채도 칼러영상의 경계영역에서 해상도의 향상과 함께 대역확장의 효과를 확인하였다. In conventional color television systems color edges of highly saturated color pictures are deteriorated because of bandwidth limitation of the color-difference signal. In this paper a modified hue-weighted luminance demodulation method with low noise is proposed for the edge correction. The weighting coefficients are given by ratios of the gadient of color-difference signal to the gradient of band-limited luminance signal. Proposed method is theoretically complete for the 1st order lowpassed color-difference signals and well separated luminance/chrominance signal. Noise reduction technique is also considered because of impulse noise generation in the gradient ratio processing of noisy pictures. In computer simulation with noisy pictures proposed technique gives a visual effect of the bandwidth expansion and detail improvement in highly saturated color edge area.

특허심판원 2017.2.17. 심결 2016당1273 상표 권리범위확인(소극) 심결에 대하여

최덕규(Duk kyu Choi) 세창출판사 2017 창작과 권리 Vol.- No.89

“대한뉴스”(“Daehan News” is the transliteration thereof, “Daehan” means Korea) is a technical mark as an arbitrary mark which is inherently distinctive enough to register. Accordingly, the present case is not a matter of secondary meaning but a matter of distinctiveness as arbitrary mark. Distinctiveness of a mark is determined by the definition of the five marks: generic mark, descriptive mark, suggestive mark, arbitrary mark and coined mark. A generic term or a descriptive term should be disclaimed during the prosecution of the mark for registration. The disclaimer should be adopted in Korea as soon as possible. A trademark infringement should be handled by court. Declaratory Judgements by the Trademark Office should be abolished.

[특별기고] 대한민국 특허제도의 문제점 (I)

최덕규(Choi Duk-kyu) 세창출판사 2011 창작과 권리 Vol.- No.63

In Korea and Japan, patent fees and annuities depend on the number of claims, which is unique unlike the rest of the world. The current patent fee system in Korea and Japan may not be justified to achieve the goal of the patent system. The patent fee system may block the applicants to draft claims in proper numbers because they shall consider the number of claims so as to reduce patent fees and annuities. And to make it worse, both countries adopt a cancellation system of claims in which the patentees may cancel some of the patented claims voluntarily during the patent period when they pay the annuities. Such cancellation system will face a predicament which the patentees shall not allege any rights against a third party's utilization of the cancelled inventions because the cancelled inventions can be used by a third party without constituting a patent infringement action under the File Wrapper Estoppel. The current patent fee system of Korea and Japan shall be dropped to maximize the goal of the patent system so that the inventions might be protected properly and perfectly under the multiple claim system. The current patent fee system shall be prepared per patent rather than per claim. If so, the cancellation systems of claims shall be automatically abolished.