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- 저자 : 최경아 ( Choi Gyeong-a ) (검색결과 2 건)
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인도철학에서 자아의 정체성에 대한 사유의 변환 -불교발생 전후의 사상사적 고찰-
최경아 ( Choi Gyeong-a ) 위덕대학교 밀교문화연구원 2017 密敎學報 Vol.18 No.-
나에 대한 탐구는 인도철학의 핵심 주제이다. 이 문제에 대한 불교이전 베다와 우빠니샤드시대의 논의는 다분히 형이상학적인 범주에 속하는 것이었다. 반면, 슈라마나 전통의 불교는 현상세계의 고에 더 주목했고, 현실적이고 실천적인 인 해법에 보다 힘을 기울였다. 교세가 확장되면서 브라흐만 사제들도 교단에 유입되어 불제가가 되었다. 그들이 가지고 있던 기존의 가치관과 철학이 수정되는 경우도 많았겠지만 불교사상과 접목되거나 수용되었을 개연성 또한 높다 할 것이다. 이 가운데 베다의 뿌루샤찬가에서 비롯된 인간을 보는 뿌리 깊은 사유방식인 不可知 또는 不可說의 입장은 붓다의 입멸 이후 부파불교의 철학적 가속화에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 과거·현재·미래의 시간적 존재인 뿌루샤는 일부만 현상세계에 전개되고 나머지는 우리가 알 수 없는 영역에 있다는 베다의 찬가로부터 시작해 우빠니샤드를 통해 아뜨만과 교차적인 의미로 전승된다. 초기불교에서 보이는 무상, 고, 무아의 세가지 존재의 특성은 뿌루샤찬가의 뿌루샤에서 전개된 브라흐마니즘의 자아관에 대한 불교적 관점이라고 볼 수 있다. 현상세계에 전개된 뿌루샤의 사분의 일은 유위세계의 특징인 생주이멸의 제약과 변이에 놓여 있지만, 그 나머지는 무위에 속한다. 인간은 시간적 삶을 영위하는 유위적 존재이지만 동시에 무위로 나아가는 가능태이기도 하다. 따라서 그들의 상태는 불가설이라고 할 수 밖에 없다. 이러한 이해는 초기불교에서 수행을 고취시키는 동력인이 되기도 했고, 부파불교에 이르러 이에 대한 철학적 논의도 심화된다. The quest for ‘self’ is a key theme in Indian philosophy. The discussion on this matter during pre-Buddhist Veda and Upaniṣad era was largely of a metaphysical category. Buddhism belonging to the Śramaṇic tradition, however, paid more attention to the ‘suffering’ of the phenomenal world putting more emphasis on practical solution. As the congregation expanded, the Brahman priests also entered the Buddhist order. Consequently their previous values and philosophies had to be modified, but it is also likely that they have been combined with or accepted in Buddhism. ‘Ineffability’ or ‘unknowableness’ is peculiar aspect of a human being deeply rooted since the Puruṣa Sūkta of Ṛgveda. This point gave profound effect to philosophization of sectarian Buddhism after the parinirvāṇa of the Buddha. According to the Puruṣa Sūkta, only a portion of Puruṣa, as a temporal being of past, present and future, is spread out in phenomenal world while the remaining is beyond our cognition. Thereafter, in the Upaniṣads, Puruṣa is transmitted as an exchangeable name for Ātman. The three characteristics of existence i.e. impermanence, suffering and selflessness, can be viewed as an Buddhist perspective on self in connection with the idea of Puruṣa of the Puruṣa Sūkta in Brahmanism. One fourth of the Puruṣa abides in this conditioned (saṃskṛta) world characterized of arising, abiding, changing and ceasing; the rest belongs to the unconditioned (asaṃskṛta). Human beings are conditioned beings that lead the temporal life, but at the same time they are in potential status to move on to the unconditioned, the status that can be described as ineffable. This understanding has become a driving force for enhancing ‘practice’ in early Buddhism, and philosophical debate on this matter has deepened further in sectarian Buddhism.
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최경아 ( Gyeong A Choi ) 창조교육학회 2008 창조교육논총 Vol.10 No.-
In modern society, new stress is growing, which had failed to be expected, such as severally unpredictable changes, destruction in natural environment that is getting serious day by day, diverse human relations that are made in the middle of complex social structure, and threat from several disasters and diseases without knowing when will be faced. And, amidst this, a human being is making a living with being exposed to stress. In this way, it is a well-known fact that stress is a part in life, but if stress is accumulated due to failing to be properly removed or coped, it not only becomes the origin of all disease, but also has bad effect on efficiency in decision making and smooth interpersonal relations. Accordingly, the systematic approach to controlling stress is thought to be necessary. First of all, in order to overcome stress creatively, it can be summarized to be right diet and regular exercise life, non-smoking and non-drinking life, and having right sleeping habit. As there is a saying that "loss of health leads to losing everything", only when the body and spirit are healthy, the energetic activity is possible, and my own valuable life may proceed with being managed. In modern society that the interest in health promotion is being concentrated, the main subject dubbed stress care will continue to be researched in the future, and will proceed with being approached through diverse methods. However, what is the most important in promoting health is thought to be an individual`s will to strive for healthy life. Given suggesting the creative health-care method on stress based on the above, even the negative stress, which becomes difficulty in daily life, will be changed into positive stress available for being a vitamin for us. The key point in the future is how much we control this stress creatively. Given getting over stress with a positive method with knowing that stress comes mainly from between environment and oneself, the more active and brighter life will be able to be managed.
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