멀티서비스 액세스망에서 분산된 계층관리 기능의 설계와 구현 ( Design & Implementation of Distributed Layer Management Function in the Multi-Service Access Integrated Network )

최강일 대한전자공학회 1998 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1998 No.01

데이터 플레인 가속화 기술동향

최강일,이범철,Choi, K.I.,Lee, B.C. 한국전자통신연구원 2015 전자통신동향분석 Vol.30 No.2

인터넷 트래픽의 향후 5년간 연평균성장률(CAGR)은 24%(유선 트래픽이 21%, 모바일 트래픽이 68%)로 예상되지만, 인터넷 트래픽을 처리하는 칩셋의 성능 연평균성장률은 14% 정도로 예상되고 있다. 이에 따라, 증가하는 인터넷 트래픽과 이를 처리하는 칩셋의 성능 사이에 격차(Forwarding Gap)가 발생하고 있는 상황이다. 이런 격차를 줄이기 위해 시작된 연구기술이 데이터 플레인 가속화(DPA: Data Plane Acceleration) 기술이다. 본고에서는 데이터 플레인 가속화 기술로 최근 공개 소프트웨어로 발표된 인텔의 DPDK(Data Plane Development Kit)기술과 Linaro의 ODP(Open Data Plane)기술을 중심으로 고속 네트워크 패킷처리를 위한 데이터 플레인 가속화 기술동향을 소개한다.

국제 군비통제 방향 및 대응방향

최강 한국전략문제연구소 1999 전략연구 Vol.6 No.2

From the perspective of arms control, the 1900s looks very similar to the 1970s when major efforts were given to anns control and visible outcomes were achieved. The successful conclusion of INF, START, CFE, indefinite extension of NPT, CWC and CTBT can be considered as some positive outcomes of the post-Cold War. Furthermore, in the post-Cold War era, efforts have been directed not only toward passive nonproliferation but also to proactive counterproliferation. Along with increased international efforts in arms control the discussion of regional, multilateral security cooperation has become very active. Since the establishment of ARF in 1994, the discussion of and attention over regional security issues and cooperation at the governmental level has expanded. While the Northeast Asian states used to be rather reluctant to discuss multilateral security cooperation and dialogue, nowadays the mood for multilateral security dialogue has become more mature. The aforementioned situation has brought us many challenges in dealing with international arms control and multilateral security dialogue. Since its entry into the UN in 1991 and into the Geneva CD in 1996, South Korea is posited to pay careful attention to the international arms control activities and to take pro-active stance. To consolidate the background for peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, South Korea must analyze international arms control issues and related activities. International arms control of the 1900s have the following characteristics. First, arms control has become multilateral in nature, rather than bilateral Second, the scope and target of arms control has expanded. Not only nuclear weapons but also other WMDs and conventional weapons and related technologies have become the target of arms control Third, the focus has been shifted from stopping of vertical proliferation to stopping of horizontal prolifertation. Furthermore, efforts to counterproliferation have begun to replace those of passive non-proliferation. Fourth, consequently, arms control itself has become a conflict between "the haves" and "the have-nots" --the North vs. the South. Fifth, to secure compliance and observation of various arms control agreements and regimes, verification and monitoring mechanisms have been strengthened. Sixth, impact of arms control has become wide and deep since each arms control measure will affect not only military sector but also civilian and industrial sectors as being seen in the case of CWC and Wassenarr Arrangement. Finally, regional talks on security cooperation and arms control have become quite active. For example, ARF has become a forum to discuss some arms control measures. All these trends imply that the scope of arms control regarding South Korea has expanded. Since South Korea is faced with North Korean threat, it cannot take part in all arms control measures without reservation. On the other hand, given its status in international community, South Korea cannot simply ignore and resist the trends of international arms control in the post-Cold War era. South Korea's policy of arms control must be balanced between its effect of dealing with North Korean military threat and its contribution to regional and international peace and stability. South Korea must utilize arms control as a means to institutionalize its external security environment and to increase its status and importance in regional and international community. For this purpose, it must widen its scope of arms control. Internally, policy coordination and consultation among the concerned government agencies are further enhanced due to the increased impact of arms control upon the society. In formulating and implementing arms control policies, South Korea should make a balance between universality and uniqueness of South Korea's security environment. South Korea tends to emphaisze its unique security environment as an excuse of being not so active in international arms control For this, South Korea must differentiate arms control issues by taking into accout each issue's nature and impact. Some issues must be dealt with by the two Koreas, whereas others must be transfered to international society. In other words, depending upon the nature of arms control issue, South Korea must select a venue for arms control and differentiate its approach. South Korea must formulate its arms control policy based upon its analysis of relations between international arms control and inter-Korean arms control To carry out arms control policy effectively, South Korea must secure and mobilize experts, either civilian or government, and enhance inter-agency cooperation at the governmental level.

헤이트 스피치 근절을 바라며 - 가와사키시에서의 시민과 행정의 대책

최강이자(崔江以子) 심미안 2019 문학들 Vol.- No.58

광용적맥파 범위 지정 및 최대값 측정을 이용한 신뢰성 향상 심박수 계산 알고리즘 제안

최강운(Choi Kang-Un),최성곤(Choi Seong Gon),홍종필(Hong Jong-Phil) 한국통신학회 2017 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.6

최근 노동시장의 문제점과 개선방향 : 노동시장의 기능회복을 중심으로

최강식 이화여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 사회과학연구논총 Vol.5 No.-

This paper aims to analyze the relation between the recent structural adjustment and unemployment, the increase in the number of atypical workers and the legal working hours reduction in the Korean labor market. By analyzing the unemployment structure before and after the economic crisis in late 1990s, it shows that the unemployment rate may not rapidly increase even if there would be severe structural adjustments in the business and financial sectors. Contrary to general belief, the Korean labor market is found to be very dynamic. Almost 86% of the unemployed remained as unemployed for less than six months although this proportion has decreased slightly after the economic crisis. Therefore, the government should not delay the structural adjustment because of the concerns about high unemployment. And the unemployment measure should be focused on the long-term unemployed rather than the total unemployed. The recent increase in the proportion of atypical workers is also raising social concerns about labor earnings inequality. Gaps in wages and other fringe benefits between typical workers and atypical workers are quite high. These gaps should not be regarded as discrimination against atypical workers as long as their productivities are lower than those of typical workers. It is reported, however, that there are many evidences showing that atypical workers are treated worse than typical workers although their productivities are the same. This is mainly because the labor market for typical workers are very rigid while the market for atypical workers are flexible. These two markets are very much segmented. Profit-maximizing employers cannot hire a high productive worker as a typical worker's position unless they fire one of the low productive typical workers. As employers cannot layoff typical workers easily, they hire high productive workers in an atypical workers' position. Therefore, the labor market flexibility for the typical workers should be more enhanced. Another hot issue of the recent Korean labor market is the reduction of statutory working hours for enhancing workers' living qualities. The reduction of statutory working hours implies the increase of (overtime) wage. When the wage increases, the actual working hours may increase or decrease depending on the absolute magnitudes of the substitution effects and the income effects. There is evidence that the substitution effect is larger than the income effects in Korea. Hence, it is very likely that the decrease of working hours after the mandatory reduction of legal at working hours is not because of the workers' preference to work less but because of the decrease in labor demand caused by the wage cost increase. The only way to decrease the actual working hours as well as to enhance the workers' living qualities is to improve the productivity instead of the reduction of statutory working hours. In sum, to solve the above mentioned problems, measures to enhance the labor market flexibility should be taken. Measures for protecting typical workers' job security or agreement by the Tripartite Commission may worsen the job opportunities of atypical workers. At the same time, the structural adjustment in the business and financial sectors should not be delayed in fear of high unemployment. In the process of restructuring, however, those who are more responsible for bad management should bear more burdens than workers. Lastly, the robust evaluation of the unemployment measures during the economic crisis are needed before implementing these measures again. 본 연구는 최근의 구조조정과 실업문제, 비정규직의 증가 문제,근로시간 단축의 문제 등에 대한 기존의 해결책에 대해서 노동시장의 이론적 측면에서 검토하고 대안을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 본 연구에서는 경제위기 전후의 취업 및 실업의 변화, 실업구조의 분석 등을 통하여 구조조정으로 인한 실업의 급상승은 크게 우려하지 않아도 됨을 보이고 있다. 또한 우리나라 노동시장이 예상하는 것보다 훨씬 동태 적이어서 실업대책은 모든 실업자를 대상으로 하기보다는 장기실업자를 대상으로 하는 것이 필요하다. 장기실업자는 경제위기 이후 증가하였으나 이것이 구조조정을 지연시키는 이유가 될 수는 없다는 점을 밝히고 있다. 비정규직의 경우 최근 그 비중이 늘어나고 있는데 이들은 임금과 각종 사회보험 등에서 정규근로자에 비하여 훨씬 적은 혜택을 받고 있다. 그러나 정규직과 비정규직의 인적자원 속성이 다르기 때문에 생산성 차이가 나고, 이것이 임금과 복지혜택의 차이를 낳는다면 최소한 노동시장(의 가격기능)이 왜곡되어 있다고 보기는 힘들다. 이때 만약 노동시장의 가격기능을 왜곡시키면서까지 비정규직 보호를 할 경우에는 이윤추구를 목표로 하는 기업이 기존의 비정규직 고용마저 감소시키게 될 것이다. 그런데 실제 인적자원 속성이 같으면서(동일한 학력과 경력 등) 정규직과 비정규직의 차이가 나는 경우가 수없이 많이 보고되고 있다. 이윤추구를 목표로 하는 기업에서 정규직과 생산성이 같은 근로자를 정규직으로 채용하지 않고 비정규직으로 채용하는 이유는 정규직 노동시장의 경직성에 있다. 이에 반하여 비정규직의 고용조정은 훨씬 용이하다. 따라서 비정규직의 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 정규직의 노동시장 유연화가 더 강조되어야 할 것이다. 또 다른 잇슈는 법정 근로시간의 단축이다. 법정근로시간의 단축은 실근로시간의 단축에 가장 효과적인 방법이고, 따라서 우리나라의 실 근로시간을 단축하여 근로자들의 삶의 질을 높이고, 생산성 향상도 꾀하자는 주장이다. 법정근로시간 단축은 실근로시간을 단축시키지만 그것은 근로자들이 원해서라기 보다 노동비용 상승으로 인한 기업가의 선택일 가능성이 높다. 기존의 임금수준을 보상해주는 근로시간 단축은 오히려 전체 고용을 감소시킬 것이다. 결국 바람직한 실근로시간 단축 방법은 생산성 향상을 통하는 방법이며, 제도적으로는 법정근로시간의 단축이 꼭 필요한 것이 아니라 노사간의 단체협상을 통하여서도 충분히 가능한 것이다. 결국 최근의 노동시장 문제를 해결하는 방향은 노사정위원회 등을 통한 사회적 합의나 근로자들의 고용안정 보장 등보다는 노동시장의 기능회복이 오히려 전체 근로자에게 도움이 된다고 하겠다. 그러나 구조조정 과정에서 기업의 부실에 책임이 많은 집단일수록 더 많은 고통을 부담하여야만 구조조정에 대한 사회적 동의를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 한편, 향후 실업대책은 과거 시행되었던 각종 실업대책에 대한 엄밀한 평가작업에 기반을 두고 수립되어야 할 것이다.

백색 발광 다이오드 개발을 위한 Sr_1-x-yMg_ySi₂O₂N₂:Eu□ 형광체의 발광 특성 연구

최강식 ( Kang Sik Choi ),박윤봉 ( Younbong Park ) 충남대학교 기초과학연구원 2019 충남과학연구지 Vol.36 No.1

In order to improve the thermal quenching effect and emission efficiency in the conventional SrSi₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺ phosphor, Sr²⁺ ions were partially substituted with Mg²⁺ ions. The resulting (SrMg)Si₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized by a solid-state reaction and was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction and emission spectroscopy. Compared to the pure SrSi₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺, the emission intensity of new (SrMg)Si₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺ phosphor was increased by 27 %, and the ratio of thermal quenching effect was increased up to 80.5 %. These improvements were mainly due to the size effect of Mg²⁺, which lead to the relaxation of local strain around the Eu²⁺ ions in the (SrMg)Si₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺ structure. As a result, Sr_0.55Mg_0.4Si₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺_0.05 proves a better phosphor with high thermal stability suitable for its white light LED application.

Bronchogenic cyst masquerading as malignant pericardial effusion with tamponade

최강운,김병준,김홍주,손장원,박종선,신동구,김영조 영남대학교 의과대학 2017 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.34 No.1

We report on a rare case involving a 23-year-old female patient with mediastinal cystic mass complicated with acute pericarditis and cardiac tamponade. Pericardial fluid demonstrated lymphocyte-predominant exudate and the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was unexpectedly elevated. Successive aspiration of mediastinal cystic mass revealed a very high level of CEA (>100,000 U/mL) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (>15,000 ng/mL). This patient was clinically diagnosed as an infected bronchogenic cyst complicated with pericarditis and cardiac tamponade. The treatment resulted in alleviation of her symptoms.

에이즈에서의 면역지표(CD4) 검사

최강원 대한에이즈예방협회 1995 레드리본 Vol.2 No.-

골스캔을 이용한 천장관절/천골섭취비의 정량적 측정

최강원,이명철,조보연,고창순,최성재,이영열,박선양 대한핵의학회 1982 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.16 No.2

$quot;To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness and significance of quantitative sacroiliac joint scintigraphy in the assessment of sacroiliitis, we measured Sacroiliac Joint/Sacrum Uptake Ratio(SIS Ratio) by region of interest(ROI) method using Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate. The observed results were as follows: 1) Using ROI method, the SIS ratios for the control group of 65 persons were 1.05±0.08(left) and 1.06±0.07(right) which were narrower in range than those of slice method(mean±S.D.) 2) The effects of age, gender and laterality on SIS ratio were not significant. 3) In left side, one of 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis had SIS ratio in excess of 2 standard deviation of normal control group, and remainder had SIS ratios within normal limit. In right side, 3 patients had SIS ratios in excess of 2 standard deviation of normal control group, and remainder, within normal limit. 4) In both sacroiliac joint, 2 of 3 patients having sacroiliitis clinically with Reiter's syndrome whose pelvis AX-ray findings showed normal had high SIS ratios (left/right;1.31/1.69, 1.90/1.80), but SIS ratio of one patient who bad no evidence of sacroiliitis clinically was within normal limit. 5) In 6 patients with ankylosing spondylitis in both sacroiliac joints, q whose pelvis A-P X-ray findings showed severe sclerotic change of sacroiliac pints had SIS ratio within normal limit or below that of normal control group, and SIS ratios of 2 patients whose pelvis A-P X-ray findings showed were increased. 6) 4 of 5 patients with low back pain of which cause could not be evaluated clinically and radiologically had SIS ratios in excess of that of normal control group. It would be concluded the quantitative sacroiliac joit scintigraphy is useful and sensitive screening method in the diagnosis as well as in the assessment clinical activity of sacroiliitis.$quot;