環境 大氣中에서 NOx의 nitrate로의 變換率에 關한 硏究

千晩寧,姜秉旭 안성산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

This study was carried out to determine the concentration of gaseous nitrate(HNO_3), particulate nitrate(NO_3) and conversion rate of NOx to nitrate in ambient air in Seoul from Oct 1991 to July 1992. The dual filter pack sampler(Φ 47㎜) is made two stage. 1st filter was used teflon filter(poresize 1㎛) for collection of particulate nitrate and 2nd filter was used mylon filter(poresize 0.45㎛) for HNO_3. The concentration of (HNO_3 was higher in summer and daytime than winter and nighttime. But the concentration of NO_3 was higher in winter and nighttime than summer and daytime. The conversion rate of NOx to HNO_3(Fn) was higher in summer and daytime than winter and nighttime. But the conversion rate of NOx to NO^-_3(Fn') was higher in winter and nighttime than summer and daytime. Fn to Fn' ratio was 1.5times.

서울시 大氣粉塵의 重金屬 濃度 및 發生源에 關한 硏究

千晩寧 건국대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

This study was performed to measure the concentration and orign of heavy meatals of total suspended particulate(TSP) from April 5 to July 28, 1989. The concentration was TSP 188 μg/m3, Al 7.02 μg/m3 and Ni 0.013 μg/m3 in average, respectively and the analytical results showed the following order of metal abundance Al〉Fe〉Zn〉Pb〉Cu〉Mn〉Ni. Among heavy metals in ambient air Al was detected at the highest level, 7.02 μg/m3 and Ni was the lowest 0.013 μg/m3 average respectively. The concentration of TSP and heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, and Cu in the ambient air seems gradually decreasing annually, but Ni has been shown the tendency of increasing. On the basis of Al the enrichment factors of Mn, Fe, and Ni were smaller than 3, but those of Cu, Zn, and Pb were large than 18. Among concentrations of heavy metals in ambient air, Al and Pb, Cu and Mn were highly correlated with of 0.7, Mn and Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni were very high correlated with r=0.9.(Ni and Pb, Zn and Cu were correalated with r=0.8,) Cu and Pb were r=0.9614, Cu and Zn were r=0.7, Zn and Pb were highly correlated with r=0.8, but Fe and all heavy metals were lowly correlated with correlation coefficient(r). It might be assumed that Al and Fe were mainly produced by soil, Ni was produced by combustion of gasoline and diesel oil, Pb and Cu were .produced by automobile, Zn and Mn were produced by refinery and steel manufacturing.

PUF PAS를 이용한 대기 중 PCBs 농도 산정

천만영 한국환경기술학회 2020 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the use of low volume air sampler (LVAS) and polyurethane foam disk passive air samplers (PUF PAS) for better measurement of atmospheric polychlorinared biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations. Air samples were collected by a low volume air sampler (LVAS) and PUF PAS, a total of two pairs were continuously collected at the same time for 4 weeks. A good correlation was shown [MonoCB∼DiCB : R2=0.8289(p=0.012), TriCB∼HexaCB : R2=0.8388(p<0.0001)] between atmospheric PCBs concentration measured by the LVAS and PUF PAS. The sampling rate of all PCBs isomers showed higher than which were measured by other researchers in different cities. However, trace POPs such as PCBs may involve relatively large analytical errors in measurement, and as a result the air sampling rate of the respective PCB isomer is also likely to involve errors. The method of using a regression straight line between the concentrations obtained by the LVAS and those from the PUF PAS was judged better than the method using the sampling rate, since the former compensated for the experimental errors in the process of evaluation of atmospheric PCBs concentrations using the PUF PAS.

로우볼륨 에어샘플러를 이용한 안성지역 대기 중 PCBs 농도특성 분석

천만영 한국환경기술학회 2019 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.20 No.3

This study was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of atmospheric PCBs concentrations and their reductions tendency in the Anseong area. The air samples were collected using two low-volume air samplers (LVAS) for 4 weeks. Total 82 PCB congeners were sought and 65 congeners were detected. The average total atmospheric PCBs concentration was 58.55 pg/m3. The lower molecular weight was, the higher became the concentration. The fraction of homologue concentration was 50.4 % for MonoCB and the fracton of homologue below PentaCB was 97.5 %. The average of TEQ was 2.71 fg-WHO TEQ/m3, which was higher than that of the background region and slightly lower than that of the remote region. The ratios of total PCBs concentration of 2005, 2012 and 2018 to that of 2001 were 0.916, 0.055 and 0.044 respectively, which shows a continuously reduction tendency of atmospheric PCBs from 2001 with a particularly sharp slope from 2005.

Depositional Characteristics of Atmospheric Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Tree Barks

천만영 환경독성보건학회 2014 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.29 No.-

Objectives This study was conducted to determine the depositional characteristics ofseveral tree barks, including Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), Pine (Pinus densiflora), Platanus(Platanus), and Metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides). These were used as passiveair sampler (PAS) of atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Methods Tree barks were sampled from the same site. PBDEs were analyzed by highresolutiongas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometer, and the lipid contentwas measured using the gravimetric method by n-hexane extraction. Results Gingko contained the highest lipid content (7.82 mg/g dry), whereas pine (4.85mg/g dry), Platanus (3.61 mg/g dry), and Metasequoia (0.97 mg/g dry) had relatively lowercontent. The highest total PBDEs concentration was observed in Metasequoia (83,159.0pg/g dry), followed by Ginkgo (53,538.4 pg/g dry), Pine (20,266.4 pg/g dry), and Platanus(12,572.0 pg/g dry). There were poor correlations between lipid content and total PBDEconcentrations in tree barks (R2=0.1011, p =0.682). Among the PBDE congeners, BDE206, 207 and 209 were highly brominated PBDEs that are sorbed to particulates in ambientair, which accounted for 90.5% (84.3-95.6%) of the concentration and were thereforeidentified as the main PBDE congener. The concentrations of particulate PBDEs depositedon tree barks were dependent on morphological characteristics such as surface area orroughness of barks. Conclusions Therefore, when using the tree barks as the PAS of the atmospheric PBDEs,samples belonging to same tree species should be collected to reduce errors andto obtain reliable data.

대기 중 PCBs의 PAS에 이용되는 여러 매체의 PCBs 침착 특성

천만영,Chun, Man-Young 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.2

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the depositional characteristics of pine needles, pine tree bark, moss, and soil, which are used as a passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Methods: All four media were sampled from the same site. PCB concentrations were analyzed by GC/MSD, and the lipid contents were measured using the gravimetric method. Results: The total PCB concentration (IUPAC No. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) was the highest in soil (227.97 pg/g dry), followed by pine needles (71.36 pg/g dry), pine tree bark (44.58 pg/g dry), then moss (21.91 pg/g dry). Pine needles contained the highest lipid contents (21.31 mg/g dry), whereas soil (10.01 mg/g dry), pine tree bark (4.85 mg/g dry), and moss (1.92 mg/g dry) contained less. The concentration of lower-chlorinated PCBs was relatively high in pine needles, pine tree bark and moss, but not in soil. The PCB concentrations were proportional to their lipid contents in pine needles, pine tree bark and moss, but a different trend was revealed in soil. Conclusions: The PCBs concentrations in the media were affected by various factors including atmospheric PCB concentrations, lipid contents, and depositional pathways. However, each of these factors had a varying influence depending on the type of medium.

소나무 잎을 이용한 대기 중 다이옥신/퓨란 발생원 추정

천만영,김정수,고도현,Chun, Man-Young,Kim, Jeong-Soo,Koh, Doh-Yun 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Objectives: Pine needles were used as a passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This study was performed to investigate concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) deposited on pine needles near a waste incinerator and PCDD/Fs source contributions using principal component analysis (PCA). Methods: Two-year-old pine needles were sampled at 11 points with respect to distance and wind direction from the incinerator. PCDD/Fs deposited on pine needles were analyzed with HRGC/HRMS. The source contribution of PCA was calculated with SPSS. Results: The average concentration of PCDD/Fs deposited on pine needle was 0.79 (0.27-1.76) pg TEQ/g dry, PCDDs with 0.24 (0.01-0.95) pg TEQ/g dry and PCDFs with 0.56 (0.27-0.82) pg TEQ/g dry, respectively. The average concentration fraction of PCDDs was 29.7%, that of PCDFs was 70.3%, and PCDFs were more prevalent than PCDDs. The contributions of PCDD/Fs sources were estimated as incineration at 58.3% and automobiles at 28.4%. However, a relation and regulation between PCDD/Fs concentrations deposited on pine needles and distance from incinerator or wind direction was not shown. Conclusion: It was concluded that atmospheric PCDD/Fs concentrations near an industrial complex with a waste incinerator were affected by multiple sources. However, PCDD/Fs concentrations were lower than in other inland cities with the exception of background area.

Relationship between PAHs Concentrations in Ambient Air and Deposited on Pine Needles

천만영 환경독성보건학회 2011 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.26 No.-

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine whether or not pine needles can be used as passive samplers of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using the correlation between accumulated PAH concentrations in air (Ca, ng/m3) and those deposited on pine needles (Cp, ng/g dry). Methods: PAHs in ambient air was collected using low volume PUF sampler and pine needles was gathered at same place for 7 months. Results: A good correlation (R²=0.8582, p<0.05) was found between Ca and Cp for PAHs with a higher gaseous state in air (AcPy, Acp, Flu,Phen, Ant, Flt, Pyr, BaA and Chry), but there was a poorer correlation (R²=0.1491, p=0.5123) for the PAHs with a lower gaseous state (BbF, BkF, BaP, DahA, BghiP and Ind123). A positive correlation (R²=0.8542) was revealed between the logarithm of the octanol-air partitioning coefficient (logK_(oa)) and Cp/Ca for the PAHs with a higher gaseous state in air, but there was a negative correlation (R2=0.8131) for the PAHs with a lower gaseous state. The Ca-Cp model could not be used to estimate PAHs concentrations in air using deposited PAHs concentrations on pine needles, but the logKoa-Cp/Ca model could be used. Conclusions: It was found that pine needles can be used as passive samplers of atmospheric PAHs.

소나무 잎을 PAS로 이용하여 대기 중 PCDD/Fs 농도 추정

천만영,Chun, Man-Young 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.2

Objective: This study was carried out to use pine needles as a passive air sampler (PAS) for atmospheric polychlorinared dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs). Methods: PCDD/Fs concentrations in ambient air ($C_a$, $pg/m^3$) and deposited pine needles ($C_p$, pg/g dry) were analyzed simultaneously from June 1 to December 31. Air samples were taken using two low volume PUF active air samplers with an overall average air volume of approximately $1,200Sm^3$. Pine needles were collected the end of December near the air sampler. PCDD/Fs was analyzed by HRGC/HRMs. Results: A good correlation was shown ($R^2=0.6357$, p=0.0001) between $C_a$ and $C_p$, but a better correlation ($R^2=0.7372$, p<0.0001) existed between the logarithm of octanol-air partitioning coefficient ($LogK_{oa}$) and Log($C_p/C_a$). The average PCDD/Fs sampling rates from air to pine needles were 0.045($0.018-0.185m^3/day-g\;dry$). Conclusion: It was found that pine needles can be used as PAS for atmospheric PCDD/Fs, and they are especially suitable for long time PAS compared to PUF disk PAS.

대기중 PCBs의 침엽수잎 침착 특성

천만영,임철수 안성산업대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

Deposition property of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on needle-leaves (of German spruce and pine tree), which have been widely used as passive samplers of atmospheric PCBs, was studied. Concentration of total PCBs in dry needles was considerably varied during this investigation. The larger needles were, the higher was the concentration. PCBs were cumulatively deposited for years. Concentration difference among needles was negligible if needles were of the same kind of tree. The concentration in needles located in poorly ventilated places was much lower than that in needles in well-ventilated places.