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저전력 멀티미디어 응용을 위한 10b 100 MSample/s $1.4\;mm^2$ 56 mW 0.18 um CMOS A/D 변환기
민병한,박희원,채희성,사두환,이승훈,Min Byoung-Han,Park Hee-Won,Chae Hee-Sung,Sa Doo-Hwan,Lee Seung-Hoon 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.42 No.12
This work proposes a 10b 100 MS/s $1.4\;mm^2$ CMOS ADC for low-power multimedia applications. The proposed two-step pipeline ADC minimizes chip area and power dissipation at the target resolution and sampling rate. The wide-band SHA employs a gate-bootstrapping circuit to handle both single-ended and differential inputs with 1.2 Vp-p at 10b accuracy while the second-stage flash ADC employs open-loop offset sampling techniques to achieve 6b resolution. A 3-D fully symmetrical layout reduces the capacitor and device mismatch of the first-stage MDAC. The low-noise references are integrated on chip with optional off-chip voltage references. The prototype 10b ADC implemented in a 0.18 um CMOS shows the maximum measured DNL and INL of 0.59 LSB and 0.77 LSB, respectively. The ADC demonstrates the SNDR of 54 dB, the SFDR of 62 dB, and the power dissipation of 56 mW at 100 MS/s. 본 논문에서는 저 전력 멀티미디어 응용을 위한 10b 100 MS/s $1.4\;mm^2$ CMOS A/D 변환기(ADC)를 제안한다. 제안하는 ADC는 해상도 및 속도 사양을 만족시키면서, 면적 및 전력 소모를 최소화하기 위해 기존의 다단 구조가 아닌 2단 파이프라인 구조를 사용하였다. 그리고 10 비트 해상도에서 1.2 Vp-p의 단일 및 차동 입력 신호 처리 대역폭을 넓히기 위해 입력 샘플-앤-홀드 증폭기에는 게이트-부트스트래핑 회로를 적용하며, 6 비트 해상도를 필요로 하는 두 번째 단의 flash ADC에는 오픈-루프 오프셋 샘플링 기법을 적용하였다. 또한 커패시터 등 소자 부정합에 의해 해상도에 크게 영향을 줄 수 있는 MDAC의 커패시터에는 3차원 완전 대칭 구조를 갖는 레이아웃 기법을 제안하였다. 기준 전류/전압 발생기는 온-칩으로 집적하여 잡음 에너지를 줄였으며, 필요시 선택적으로 다른 크기의 기준 전압을 외부에서 인가하도록 설계하였다. 제안하는 10b 시제품 ADC는 0.18 um CMOS 공정으로 제작되었고, 측정된 DNL 및 INL은 각각 0.59 LSB, 0.77 LSB 수준을 보여준다. 또한 100 MS/s의 샘플링 속도에서 SNDR 및 SFDR이 각각 54 dB, 62 dB 수준을 보였으며, 전력 소모는 56 mW이다.
Le Fort Ⅲ Midfacial Advancement via subcranial approach in Crouzon s syndrome patient
정필훈(Pill Hoon Choung),이정훈(Jeong Hoon Lee),채윤필(Yun Pill Chae),민병국(Byoung Kuk Min),안희용(Heui Young Ann) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1987 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.13 No.1
충남대학병원 치과ㆍ구강외과학 교실에서는 크루즌 증후군 환자에 있어서 Le Fort Ⅲ osteotomy 술식을 이용한 전 안면골 전진성형수술을 시행하였다. 환자는 4.5세 남자로 전형적인 크루즌 증후군인 두개골의 조기융합, 심한 안구돌출증, 상악골 후퇴증 및 3급 부정교합, 그리고 비골 및 관골의 저성장을 보인 환자로 신경외과와 상의한 결과 아직 신경외과적 이상은 보이지 않아 구강외과적 수술만 시행하였다. 수술은 상악골, 관골, 비골 및 안와주위뼈를 동시에 절단하여 한덩어리로 전진시킨 후 (Le Fort Ⅲ osteotomy) 전진시킨 만큼은 늑골이식을 하였으며 수술후 회귀성을 줄이기 위해 Calcitite block 및 silastic을 miniplate등으로 고정하였으며 이 모든 안면골 절단 술식은 두부 절개술만을 통하여 하였으므로 얼굴에 전혀 수술자국이 없고 구강내 절개도 하지 않아 수술후 감염의 위험도 줄였다. Le Fort Ⅲ osteotomy 술식은 심한 출혈로 인한 사망, 기도폐쇄, 실명 등의 위험이 있고 뇌막 감염 등 술후 감염의 합병증 등이 있으나 수술후 환자는 별 합병증 없이 안구돌출증이 사라진 현저한 안모 개선과 함께 정상적인 교합관계를 지니고 코로 숨쉬기 힘드는 증상도 사라졌다. 이번 수술은 비골까지 포함한 전안면골을 절단하여 전진시킨 시술로서, (Classic Le Fort Ⅲ osteotomy of Tessier Ⅱ method via subcranial approach) 대개는 두부절개와 함께 안검하절개 및 구강내 절개를 동시에 하는 것이 종래 방법이었으나 최근 방법에 따른 두부절개술만으로 수술에 성공하여 안면에 반흔을 남기지 않고 구강내 절개에 따른 감염의 위험을 줄일수 있었다는 점과 어른에서 보다도 수술에 어려움이 많은 4.5세 소아에서 성공하여 이런 특수기형아의 안면 성형술에 대한 조기치료의 가능성을 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다. 이에 저자등은 문헌적 고찰과 함께 증례보고를 하는 바이다.
알코올 중독자 및 장기 입원 환자에서 thiamine 결핍의 빈도
장철순(Cheol Soon Jang),서동범(Dong Bum Seo),박우상(Woo Sang Park),김일권(Il Kwon Kim),정정환(Chung Hwan Chung),이주희(Ju Hee Lee),이경오(Kyoung O Lee),채민병(Min Byoung Chae),박현민(Hyun Min Park),서영환(Young Hwan Seo),이선영(Sun Y 대한내과학회 2002 대한내과학회지 Vol.62 No.1
N/A Background: As socioeconomic status has improved, malnutrition has become rare in Korea and generally it is no longer considered as a serious problem in medical practice. However, contrary to the above general belief we managed four patients with beriberi in 1999 and it became apparent that malnutrition might remain a problem in certain groups of patients. In this study, we assessed the nutritional state, especially with respect to thiamine deficiency, in chronic alcoholics and in patients residing at a long-term care facility (LTCF). Methods: Fourteen chronic alcoholic patients and twenty patients being hospitalized in a long-term care facility were assigned as the study groups. The subjects mean ages and standard deviations were 48.9±10.2 and 50.6±6.7, respectively. Medical records were reviewed t o determine other aspect s of their nutritional status and their dietary patterns. Ten peoples who visited the health promotion center at Inha University Hospital, for routine check- ups were allocated to the control group. Blood total thiamine levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Body mass indices were significantly lower in chronic alcoholics and in patients at the LTCF than in the control group (p=0.0065). Serum albumin levels were within the reference range in all three groups, but were significantly lower in patients at the LT CF than in the control group (p =0.0013). Moreover no difference was detected between the alcoholic group and the control group in terms of thiamine levels. However, the mean thiamine level in patients at the LTCF was statistically lower than that of the control group and four (20%) patients in the LTCF group showed subnormal blood thiamine levels. The thiamine level tended t o decrease with age in both alcoholics and patient s at the LT CF. No correlation was found between thiamine level and the other variables examined, namely, hospital stay, body mass index, and serum albumin level. Conclusion: A consider able portion of patients in a long term care facility showed thiamine deficiency, however, no evidence of thiamine deficiency was found among alcoholics. This result suggest s that thiamine deficiency in patient s at long- term care facility may be more prevalent and that thiamine supplementation may be warranted, especially for those with other thiamine deficiency risk factors.(Korean J Med 62:69-76, 2002)
이지영,강재승,김미경,황태숙,곽이경,채민병,장철순,김일권,서동범,정문현 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.5
Background : Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an emerging disease worldwide and is mainly caused by Bartonella henselae, a gram-negative bacterium. The most common clinical manifestation is regional lymphadenopathy, though clinical recognition may be difficult, as atypical manifestations occur. The condition can be complicated by neuroretinitis, endocarditis, and sometimes fatal encephalopathy. The reservoir of B. henselae is the cat, and the prevalence rates of B. henselae infection in cat populations range from 4 to 70% . The prevalence of Bartonella infection in Korea has not been studied, thus, in this study Bartonella infection was investigated in cats captured in the Inchon and Ansan areas. Methods : Twenty wild cats were captured and their livers and spleens were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), bacterial culture, and histopathologically, PCR used two primers : Cat (sense : 5'-GAT TCA ATT GGT TTG AA(G/A) GAG GCT-3', antisense : 5'-TCA CAT CAC CAG G(A/G)C GTA TTC-3') and Barto (sense:5'-(C/T) CT TCG TTT CTC TTT CTT CA-3', antisense : 5'-AAC CAA CTG AGC TAC AAG CC-3'). Culture was performed by inoculating sliced spleen and liver into the ECV304 cell line and bacterial growth was observed over a period of 3 weeks. If no visible bacterial growth was identified, the presence of bartonella was examined by DNA staining, indirect immunofluorescent staining, and PCR. Liver and spleen were stained with H&E and scrutinized under the light microscope. Results : Nine pairs of culture cells inoculated with liver and spleen were examined by indirect immunofluorescent staining and PCR; no positive case was found. In addition, no positive case was identified by PCR in the liver and spleen specimens of eleven cats. Spleen and liver specimens of eleven cats were examined by light microscopy and none showed granuloma. Conclusion : This preliminary study suggests that the Bartonella infection is probably uncommon in the cat population of the Inchon and Ansan areas. Further studies should be undertaken to detail the prevalence of Bartonella infection in other areas and in human. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:319∼324, 2001)