우리나라의 賃貸住宅에 관한 硏究 : 無住宅 低所得層의 住居安定을 中心으로

채규현 京畿大學校 行政大學院 1987 국내석사

The housing problem is a matter of public concern, since the shortage of house may form a social problem. The rate of supply of dwellings in Korea is on the decrease annually as 84.2% in 1960, 78.2% in 1971, 71.2% in 1980 and 69.9% in 1985. And 4,468 thousand households, which is 46.6% of 9,575 thousand of national total, live in a rented house and 3,121 thousand households equivalent to 70% of rented households make their home in an one bed-room house. The primary factors in which such a housing shortage has been occurred can be classified as: (i) the rapid nuclear familiarizing and the gravitation of population toward cities, (ii) the shortage of housing site and the rise of costs in preparing housing site, (iii) the low investment in housing projects in contrast to GNP in Korea. We have laid emphasis on the housing project since 1972. However, due to insufficient public or private investment at that time, the housing shortage and the speculation of real estate poses a big social problem in the latter half of 1970s. As real rental rise periodically under those circumstances, the homeless low-income housholds have had an experience of severe dwelling trouble from repeated house-moving, and the continuous rise of housing price have made weak their purchasing capability, hence they have felt a sense of alienation. On the other hand, such a housing famine may be a cause of the social problem. Moreover, the dwelling welfare level in Korea is very low, therefore we must have considered the housing problem as a matter of national importance in point of public welfare policy, and we have to stabilize the housing problem of homeless low-income groups. The problems of the housing policy can be illustrated as: first, the investment in housing field has not been enough, second, due to the total volume policy, the quality of housing have been neglected, third, the public sector has made a small contibution to the housing field, and fourth, we have paid no special attention to the building of rented accommodation. The financial problems in purchasing house are that: first, in the availabilty of funds, the financial support for purchasing house is deficient absolutely and the compulsory application of national housing bond is enforced, and the inducement of private investment in the housing market is insufficient. Second, in the supply of funds, the administration strategy of the Korea Housing Bank was inclined to some non-housing investments, and the interest on a loan of house purchase was not favorable to low-income households. Furthermore, the other housing problems of rented households can be arisen by the poor quality of rented accommodation or the frequent house moving through the periodical rise of rental or the lack of counterplot of the right of lease. Though the requirements of the rental housing come from a cure for the above housing problems, there are other necessities of rented accommodation for changing the concept of the housing problem, stabilizing the house price, making for the national economic conditions, contributing the dwelling stabilty of homeless low-income groups, filling up the new demand for the house which is caused by industrialization in overcrowded urban areas, and dissolving partly the sense of alienation of low-income classes. The undersupply of rented accommodation may have been occurred from various grounds, that is, the shortage of housing site, the low public investment, the hard procedure for a loan and the lack of positive construction plan in private sectors. On the other hand, the demand for rented accommodation may be hindered by the short term rent and the relative decrease of rental value comparing with owning real estate. The supply of new rental houses during the last 5 years have been showed only 78 thousand households, especially a few supply from private sectors have been revealed. The reasons of the negative participation of private sectors in building rented accommodation can be explained as: first, there are some difficulties in the turnover ratio or the rate of return for private sectors, second, the subsidy for rental housing is insufficient, third, the tenant selection procedure is unreasonable, fourth, the rental housing is regarded as a symbol of low-income groups, fifth, it is difficult to borrow money in order to rent a house, sixth, in the long run, the rented house has not been an inflation proof asset, seventh, the housing policy has rather vague statutory responsibilities to housing needs. The bibliographic study on the housing policy of developed countries shows that there are many points at which they meet on a common ground. The common factors are that there have been a welfare policy of financial support in the aim of providing cheap accommodation for lower income groups, the recipient priority of subsidy is fairly controlled by a close evaluation of income level, and they give a lot of favors to the selected applicants who are in need of the subsidy. Especially, the mortgage system in U.S.A., the assessment method of rental in West Germany, and the positive housing policy for rented accommodation in Singapore can be a good guideline for establishing the effective and rational rental housing policy. In conclusion, the policy for escalating the supply of rental housing can be set up with the public and private sectors. In the public sector, it is desirable for the local autonomous entity and the Korea Housing Corporation to take charge of their role respectively. The former had better take charge of the rental housing for lowest-income groups and the latter had better take share in the rental housing for low and middle income classes. It would be helpful to stabilize the housing problem of homeless low income groups, if the religious body or the social work organization take part in the rental housing projects under the social housing concept. In the private sector, it is required that an environment for investment be produced, a cause of declining an asset value be removed and a plan of promoting profitability be devised. Moreover, for the dwelling stability of low income groups, We have to set the range of homeless class discreetly, and there is a necessity for rebuilding or reorganization of under-developed urban areas, but it is time that the reevalution of housing project is requird. Through the reappraisal of above mentioned problems and under a comprehensive strategy of identifying the class which have to receive the subsidy, preparing the system of protecting damage of tenants, supporting the self-help housing enlargement, reorganizing the sale in lots policy in public sector, developing the financial aid and tax-relief for welfare recipients, the government housing policy should be formed progressively in order to achieve the dwelling stability of low-income classes.

《독립신문》논설의 텍스트언어학적 연구

채규현 전북대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내석사

The objective of this study is to clarify the structural characteristics of Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 with the Textlinguistic analysis. Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 has the characteristics that it has a typical structure to communicate effectively between text producer and text receivers. Therefore, in order to fully understand Editorials, researches on Editorials should be carried out a study of structure. So this study aimed to reveal the characteristics of Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 by examining the structure of Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 through actual data analysis. We used Textlinguistic research method for the purpose of this study. In this analysis, we identified micro structures through microscopic analysis methods, and we identified macro structure properties through macroscopic analysis methods based on micro structural research results. The contents and results of discussion in this thesis will be abstracted as follows. In the second chapter, we performed a microscopic analysis of Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 through analysis of Sentence endings, Repetition of sentence structure, and Recurrence. This has confirmed that each elements is important elements of acquiring Textuality, and how it contributes to text function and formation of text structures. In the third chapter, we examined the possibility of classification to detailed types of Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 based on the analysis results of the previous chapter. Also we analyzed the macro structure characteristics of each detailed types. As a result of the analysis, Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 could be classified to three subdivision as Argumentative text, Descriptive text and Narrative text, and analysis to the macro structure divided by each type. In addition, we looked at not only the structure of Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 but also the structure of Contributive editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》. As a result of the analysis, Contributive editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 has a similar structure to Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 but it is distinguished from Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 in that has prologue and epilogue. In the forth chapter, we examined the changes in Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》 from the analysis of second and third chapters. Through analysis, we found that in the 2 period, there were some changes of the micro structure and macro structure, unlike in the 1 period. In the 2 period, the use of Sentence ending of Exclamatory increased and the titles were newly used. In addition, the frequency of occurrence of each type was changed, and it was confirmed that the macro structure was changed due to the title, prologue part, and epilogue part. In the fifth chapter, we concluded the discussion by summarizing the micro structure and macro structure characteristics of Editorials of 《Dongnipsinmun》(Table 48,49). We believe understanding of the text structure was closely related to the understanding of text. Therefore, to understand the text, we should understand the structure of the text. In this regard, this study will contributes to identify the structure of the Editorial text in the initial periods of modern Korea also to understand changes of the Editorial text to modern Editorial text.

인공지능 의료행위에 관한 법제 연구

채규현 한양대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

The development of artificial intelligence has a major impact on the medical and the medical field. In particular, countries are accelerating their response to research on fostering or encouraging the development of AI medical device-related technologies and related regulatory science or approval. In this regard, the U.S. FDA announced the Medical Device Action Plan (Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML)-Based Software as a Medical Device (SaMD)) as artificial intelligence and machine learning-based software. In addition, the annual report on advances in regulatory science (Advancing Regulatory Science at FDA: Focus Areas of Regulatory Science) has shown continuous studies on the quality and integrity of medical products such as medical devices based on medical data. Japan's Cabinet Office is seeking to revitalize AI in the health sector and Society 5.0 through AI Strategy 2022. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare is also discussing the development of AI devices and systems required in the health care sector through a consortium to accelerate the enhancement of AI in the health care sector, and is making efforts to innovate AI through the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency(PMDA). In the case of the European Union, health data is unified and processed for EU members through the European Health Data Space, and AI medical care is being prepared based on the collection and use of related information. In Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety is also seeking ways to revitalize AI medical care by continuously researching regulatory science and reducing the period for permission and screening of software medical devices. Despite discussions and preemptive responses to the development of AI medical technology and medical devices, the basis for regulating or managing along with a clear definition of the current AI medical practice are partially stipulated or not provided in individual laws. Therefore, through this study, the problem is reviewed from various interdisciplinary perspectives related to AI medical practice, and a solution to the problem derived based on comparative legal considerations, statistical data review, and analysis of existing literature. In detail, this paper first specifies and presents the subject of regulation through establishing the concept of AI medical practice. Furthermore, based on the publicity and ethics of AI medical practice, the possibility of regulation through the possibility of direct state intervention will be examined. In this regard, the possibility of using health big-data by the public, which is a key element of AI medical behavior, will be reviewed to find appropriate ways to safely provide AI medical services. Secondly, to present specific measures for regulation, major implementation policies of each country and AI medical devices approved so far are identified, and through this, they are categorized by disease or technology and reflected in the logic of post-regulation. Therefore, the responsibility is clarified and specific safety can be presented by resolving the medical dispute situation caused by AI medical practice. Thirdly, laws and precedents in Japan, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the European Union related to AI medical practices were examined and comparative legal considerations were conducted. Through this, we looked at laws related to product liability of AI medical practices, medical technology evaluation and medical device licensing, and medical device defects, as well as laws related to health care big data in health care used through software of AI medical devices by country. Through the legal levels of national legislation, we obtained the directionality or implicationality for the legalization of AI medical practices. Fourth, to establish a protection plan for citizen’s basic rights in line with the situation in Korea, we proposed improvement measures for controversial issues related to AI medical practices based on civil law, constitutional law, and criminal law. Specifically, we suggested a legal obligation approach related to the duty to explain and duty of care in AI medical practices, as well as improvements to laws related to AI medical technology and medical devices. Furthermore, we proposed appropriate measures for the safe use and protection of citizens' health care data related to big data in health care, which is a critical element of AI medical practices. Fifth, the establishment of an independent institution to supervise and manage AI medical practices was proposed. We suggested measures to ensure citizens' health rights preventively by monitoring AI medical practices performed by the independent agency. We also proposed the need for an individual information disclosure window to guarantee citizens' right to know and self-determination regarding AI medical practices. If the public's trust in AI medical practices is secured through various measures mentioned above, we suggested various benefits, such as subsidies from the national budget, which includes the cost of research, and support for technology development related to medical devices and research for developers and researchers of AI medical technology through support for AI medical practice-related technology development. We presented the AI Medical Practice Basic Acts, which compiles the issues mentioned above. Through this, safe AI medical services that protect citizens' right to life and health must be provided by promoting safety and effectiveness in the field of AI medical practices. In addition, the legal responsibilities related to the burden of proof for legal disputes, such as the obligation to explain and the duty of caution, must be clarified. This should open up the possibility of rapid relief for patients in critical situations in case of medical accidents, such as side effects. Furthermore, continuous development of AI medical technology should be achieved based on support for related research. Through this, innovative AI medical technology should be introduced compared to existing medical technology, ensuring the reliability and efficiency of AI medical services through the diversity of choices for medical practices. 인공지능의 발전은 의학 및 의료계에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 특히 인공지능 의료기기 관련 기술의 발전에 대한 육성이나 장려, 관련 규제 과학이나 승인에 관한 연구에 있어 각국의 대응 속도가 빨라지고 있다. 이와 관련하여 미국의 FDA는 인공지능, 머신러닝 기반의 소프트웨어로서의 의료기기 실행 계획 (Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML)-Based Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) Action Plan)을 발표하였다. 또한 매년 규제 과학의 발전에 대한 보고서(Advancing Regulatory Science at FDA: Focus Areas of Regulatory Science)를 통해 의료데이터를 기반으로 하여 의료기기 등 의료제품의 품질과 무결성에 대한 지속적인 연구를 진행하고 있다. 일본의 내각부(內閣府)는 AI 전략(戦略) 2022를 통해 소사이어티 5.0의 실현과 보건 분야의 인공지능에 대한 활성화를 꾀하고 있다. 또한 후생노동성(厚生労働省)은 보건의료 분야의 인공지능 개발 가속을 위한 컨소시엄(保健医療分野AI開発加速コンソーシアム)을 통해 보건의료 분야에서 요구되는 인공지능 기기와 시스템의 개발에 대한 논의를 진행하고 있으며, 의약품의료기기종합기구(医薬品医療機器総合機構, PMDA)를 통해 인공지능을 바탕으로 하는 의료의 혁신에 대한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 유럽연합의 경우도 유럽인 건강 데이터 공간(European Health Data Space)를 통해 유럽연합 회원국을 대상으로 건강데이터를 일원화 하여 처리하고 관련 정보에 대한 수집 및 이용을 바탕으로 인공지능 의료 활성화를 준비하고 있다. 우리나라도 식품의약품안전처를 통해 규제과학에 대한 지속적인 연구와 소프트웨어 의료기기의 허가 및 심사에 대한 기간을 줄이는 등 인공지능 의료에 대한 활성화 방안을 모색하고 있다. 인공지능 의료기술 및 의료기기의 발전에 대한 논의와 선제적 대응에도 불구하고, 현재 인공지능 의료행위에 대한 명확한 정의나 규제 및 관리 감독할 수 있는 근거는 개별법에 부분적으로 규정되어 있거나 관련 법령이 갖추어져 있지 않은 상태이다. 이에 있어 본 연구를 통해 인공지능 의료행위와 관련하여 다양한 학제 관점에서 문제를 검토하고 비교법적 고찰과 통계학적 자료의 검토, 기존 문헌의 분석 등을 바탕으로 도출된 문제에 관한 해결책을 제시하고자 하였다. 세부적으로 본고에서는 첫째 인공지능 의료행위에 대한 새로운 개념 정립을 통해 규율 대상을 특정하여 제시하였다. 나아가 인공지능 의료행위의 공공성과 윤리성을 바탕으로 국가의 직접적인 개입 가능성에 대한 정당성을 확보하였다. 나아가 관련 내용을 바탕으로 인공지능 의료행위 법제화 기초 모델을 제시하였다. 둘째, 인공지능 의료행위 법제화의 구체적인 방안을 제시하기 위해 각국의 주요 시행정책과 현재까지 승인된 인공지능 의료기기에 대한 현황을 파악하고 병증이나 해당 기술별로 유형화하여 분석하였다. 이를 통해 인공지능 의료행위 시 설명의무상의 세부적 고지 내용으로 활용하거나, 책임소재를 명확히 하여 환자의 입장에서 의료분쟁 상황을 용이하게 해결하기 위한 구체적인 방안을 제시하였다. 셋째. 인공지능 의료행위와 관련된 일본, 미국, 독일, 영국, 유럽연합의 법령 및 판례들을 살펴보고 비교법적인 고찰을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 국가별 인공지능 의료행위, 의료기술의 평가와 의료기기의 인허가, 의료기기의 결함과 관련한 제조물 책임 관련 법령과 더불어 인공지능 의료기기의 소프트웨어를 통해 사용되는 보건의료 빅데이터 관련 법령에 대해 살펴보았다. 이러한 국가별 법제 수준을 통해 인공지능 의료행위의 법제화에 대한 방향성 내지 시사점을 획득하였다. 넷째, 우리나라의 제반 상황에 맞는 국민의 기본권 보호 방안을 마련하기 위해 민법, 헌법, 형법을 바탕으로 인공지능 의료행위에 대한 쟁점별 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 구체적으로 인공지능 의료행위 시 설명의무와 주의의무와 관련한 법적 의무 부과 방안과 인공지능 의료기술 및 의료기기와 관련한 법제 개선방안을 제시하였다. 나아가 인공지능 의료행위의 핵심적 요소인 보건의료 빅데이터와 관련하여 국민의 보건의료 데이터에 대한 안전한 이용 및 보호조치 등에 대한 적절한 방안을 제시하였다. 다섯째, 인공지능 의료행위를 감독, 관리하는 독립기관 설립을 제시하였다. 독립기관이 수행하는 인공지능 의료행위에 대한 모니터링을 통해 예방적 차원에서 국민의 건강권을 보장하는 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 인공지능 의료행위에 대한 국민의 알 권리와 자기결정권을 보장하기 위한 개별적 정보공개창구의 필요성을 제시하였다. 전술한 다양한 방안을 통해 인공지능 의료행위에 대한 국민의 신뢰도가 확보되었다면, 이를 근거로 하여 인공지능 의료기술 연구의 지원을 통해 인공지능 의료행위 관련 의료기술, 의료기기 등의 연구자 및 개발자에게 연구의 제반 비용 등이 포함된 국고 보조금 지원 및 관련 기술 개발 지원 등 다양한 혜택을 제공하는 방안을 제시하였다. 전술한 쟁점을 종합하여 인공지능 의료행위 기본법(안)을 제시하였다. 이를 통해 인공지능 의료 분야의 안전성과 효과성을 도모하여 국민의 생명권과 건강권을 보호할 수 있는 안전한 인공지능 의료서비스가 제공 되어야 한다. 또한 설명의무와 주의의무의 법제화를 통한 법적 분쟁의 입증책임과 관련한 명확성을 가져와야 한다. 이를 통해 부작용 발생 등의 의료사고에 대비하여 환자의 침익적 상황에 대한 신속한 구제의 가능성을 열어주어야 한다. 나아가 관련 연구의 지원을 바탕으로 지속적인 인공지능 의료기술의 발전이 이루어져야 한다. 이를 통해 기존 의료기술 대비 혁신적인 인공지능 의료기술이 도입되어 당해 의료행위 선택의 다양성을 통해 인공지능 의료서비스의 신뢰성과 효율성을 담보해야 할 것이다.

國民觀光 活性化를 爲한 觀光資源의 開發方向에 關한 硏究 : 全州地域 都市公園內 餘暇施設을 中心으로

채규현 世宗大學校 大學院 1994 국내석사

觀光호텔 서비스 品質評價 基準設定에 관한 硏究 : 等級評價를 中心으로

채규현 全州大學校 大學院 2003 국내박사

It's high time to manage hotels with customers' satisfaction through service upgrade as a task. The current classification system involves so many problems in satisfying customers. So we have to establish the system adjusted to current being to provide customers with the differentiated services they would be pleased with. To identify the improvements, which should be done, of what choices they require, first, we aim to establish the objective criterion in selecting hotels, second, we aim to internationalize facilities, services and management level in order to follow the newly changing trend, third, we aim to achieve the object in management method, and forth, we aim to suggest the criterion in the hotel classification for the future. 1) The summary in theoretical study ① The attribute in the classfication criterion was output by capturing the calculating need in hotel service quality and the factors in the quality appraisal. ② The attribute in the focused points of customers' satisfaction, royalty degree and the establishment of information system was output. ③ The capture in the appraisal data for hotel attribute and the related service quality, was used for the attribute in establishing the appraisal criterion. ④ I The forms in classification system, the method in deciding classes and the criterion in deciding classes were captured by understanding the current classification system and foreign examples. 2) The summary and suggestion in practical study. Followings are the analyzed results produced concerning with the study aim ① The hotel selection attribute was made of negative aspects of choice factors for both customers and professionals. ② The factor of service quality management system was most remarked in the hotel classification criterion for professionals ③ The factors of the appraisal in hotel level and professionals were found to be important ones. ④ Leadership, personnel management, quality strategy and inspection service were arranged in order for the important factors of professionals and quality in management system. ⑤ The factors in the criterion of hotel classification were found to be positive for all classes. 3) The decision method in hotel class is supposed to be done 1 time per 3 years and the classification appraisal by professionals through deep analysis consists of service, facilities and management area but to be expanded to service, facilities and management system area. The professionals will examine the service and management system area two times per 3 years. The classification criterion was established in order to widely reduce the parts inducing invest expenses more than need for strengthening service management system and to develop their own hotels through utilizing bonus points.

미검증 의료행위의 규제에 관한 법정책학적 연구

채규현 한양대학교 2015 국내석사

현대의학의 발전에 기인하여 의학 기술과 인간의 존엄성 내지 건강권을 보호하기 위한 법 규제의 충돌은 현재까지 논의의 대상이 되고 있다. 최근 건국대 병원 흉부외과 심장전문의 송명근 교수의 카바수술(Comprehensive Aortic Root and Valve Repair Surgery)에 있어 기존 수술법 보다 사망률이 높다는 안전성 문제가 제기 되었다. 보건복지부는 카바수술과 관련하여 비급여 고시를 폐지하고 수술에 쓰이는 재료에 대한 비급여도 삭제했으며 이에 국내에서의 카바수술 및 후행연구가 사실상 불가능하게 되자 송명근 교수는 한국을 떠나 중국으로 옮겨서 수술을 진행하고 있다. 또한 故 신해철 씨 및 일부 여성들의 죽음의 원인이 된 위밴드 수술과 관련하여 부작용과 위험성에 대한 사전평가 및 안전성 문제가 제기되고 있다. 이에 미검증 의료행위와 관련한 객관적인 규제 방안과 더불어 이에 대한 의료서비스 수요자의 올바른 정보에 대한 접근성 부재의 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 미검증 의료행위는 안전성이나 기술의 유효성이 보장되지 않는 문제점이 있다. 또한 이와 관련하여 의료분쟁사례나 부작용사례가 빈번하게 일어나고 있다. 이는 의료기관의 자율적인 시정을 통한 개선도 중요하나 실질적이고 효율적인 보호 체계를 갖춘 규제 개선 방안이 전제되지 않는다면 국민의 건강권을 보호하기 어려울 것이다. 본고에서는 첫째, 최근 미용과 관련한 수술 및 시술에 대한 관심이 대폭 증가하면서 이에 기인한 부작용으로 인해 국민의 건강권 침해 및 공공보건과 관련한 문제가 발생할 개연성이 높아졌다. 그러므로 미검증 의료행위와 관련된 법과 판례를 검토하고 이에 대한 규제 방안을 제시하기 위하여 미검증 의료행위를 법정책학적 관점으로 판단한다. 그리하여 질병이나 수술 및 시술 요구상황에 따른 유형을 리스크 커뮤니케이션(Risk Communication)의 개념으로 확정 짓고 새로운 질병의 유형으로 분류한다. 또한 리스크(Risk) 및 리스크 관리 체계(Risk Management System)의 개념을 접목시켜 위험 발생 개연성 정도에 따른 의료인의 설명의무 및 주의의무를 부여한다. 이에 있어 위험 발생 개연성의 세부적 분류는 독일 유전공학법의 보안수준(Sicherheitsstufen)에서 차용하여 국가의 규제 정도를 나누어 문제되는 의료관련법의 개선 방안을 제시한다. 둘째, 검증이 요구되는 의료수술 및 시술의 부작용에 있어 의료관련 정보와 관련하여 정확한 지식 접근의 폐쇄성 등의 문제에 기인하여 국민의 미검증 의료행위 선택에 있어 자기결정권 보장이 이루어지지 않는 문제가 발생한다. 이에 캐나다의 MedEffect를 차용하여 소비자 지향의 의료정보공개에 대한 기제 생성을 통해 미검증 의료행위에 대한 국가전달체계를 확립하여 부작용 피해 발생을 미연에 방지하고 의료소비자의 의료행위 선택에 있어 헌법상 기본권인 자기결정권을 보호하는 방안을 마련한다. 셋째, 현행 기관의 중립성 및 전문성의 부재로 인해 미검증 의료행위의 관리 및 감시가 제대로 이루어지지 않는 문제가 있다. 이에 일본의 의약품 의료기기 종합기구(独立行政法人 医薬品医療機器総合機構)와 영국의 NICE(National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) 등을 모델로 하여 중립적이고 전문적인 국가기관 설립에 대한 부분을 검토한다. 이를 통한 체계화 된 검증을 통해 미검증 의료행위의 부작용 방지와 더불어 지속적 모니터링을 통한 예방적 차원의 접근으로 국민의 건강권을 보호하기 위한 방안을 모색한다. 넷째, 미검증 의료행위에 대한 규제 강화 및 전술한 기관의 지속적 모니터링으로 인하여 의료기관 및 의료인의 의료행위에 대한 회의적인 시각 및 다양한 의료서비스의 개발에 대한 의욕 저하 유발 등 다양한 역작용으로 귀결될 수 있다. 이는 오히려 국민의 건강권을 저해할 요소로 작용할 수 있으므로 규제의 정도에 따라 조성행정을 균형 있게 제시하여 역작용 방지를 통해 결과적으로 국민의 건강권 확보를 목표로 하는 방안을 모색한다. 이에 있어 미국의 연방 식품, 의약품 및 화장품 법(Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act)에서의 의료기기 Class I-Ⅲ 의 등급별 논리와 일본의 재생 의료를 국민들이 신속하고 안전하게 받을 수 있도록 하기 위한 시책의 종합적인 추진에 관한 법률(再生医療を国民が迅速かつ安全に受けられるようにするための施策の総合的な推進に関する法律)에서의 제1종~제3종 재생의료의 논리를 차용한다. 위에서 제시한 모든 방안에 대한 결과는 국민의 건강권 보호로 귀결되며 헌법상의 기본권을 보호한다는 데에 있어 상당한 의미가 부여된다. 또한 이를 통해 얻은 국민의 신뢰도를 바탕으로 장기적인 관점으로 보아 의료서비스의 질적 확충을 가져올 수 있다. 결과적으로 의료 소비자와 의료 서비스 제공자 양자의 만족을 가져온다.

Preaching Christ from the Old Testament historical books

채규현 Westminster Theological Seminary 1994 해외박사

Purpose Even though Korean churches have been growing very fast and Christians in Korea have been renowned for fervent prayer, both churches and Christians in Korea have suffered from allegorical preaching. Many preachers have to preach seven or eight times a week. They do not have time to study the Bible, nor time to develop their sermon. Without further development, their preaching has been greatly affected by a few revivalists who used allegorical method in their preaching. In Addition, it is easier for them to select the text from the New Testament than from the Old Testament. They did not have sufficient understanding of the Old Testament. And they did not know how to handle the text from the Old Testament in order to preach. Even when they preach from the Old Testament, they do not consider the historical context of the text. They directly apply the 'teachings' of the text to our situation without regarding the differences between then and now. The sermon inevitably becomes the examplary, moral preaching. In these days many young preachers are trying to cope with this problem, and we have several good preachers. Nevertheless, many preachers still try not to preach from the Old Testament, or simply allegorize the text. The purpose of this project is to help Korean preachers to preach biblical sermons by providing a preaching manual which instructs them how to prepare sermons from different texts in the Old Testament historical books (Genesis to Esther). The manual teaches key themes of the Biblical theology in the first place and provides some guidelines Korean preachers how to preach from the Old Testament narratives. Procedure 1. I will survey what books on homiletics are currently available for Korean pastors. They can be either by Korean authors or translation of foreign preaching books. Then I will survey what homiletic texts are used in Korean Bible Colleges or seminaries. This procedure is to understand what books are affecting the preaching of Korean preachers. 2. I will gather data by analyzing some sermons of representative Korean preachers to define what are the most common misunderstandings of Korean preachers when they preach O.T. texts, and how often they preach from the O.T. historical books. 3. I will teach the Old Testament courses at a Korean Bible college in New York and the Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the East, New York. 4. I will gather and analyze Old Testament sermon excerpts of Korean preachers from God said, a monthly preaching magazine published in Korea. 5. I will prepare at least four sermons from the O.T. historical books. 6. I will develop a manual for the Korean preachers to correct their common misunderstandings in terms of Bible exposition. 7. The project material will be presented before the Korean Graduate Student's Association of Westminster Theological Seminary. 8. I will evaluate the resource by leading a seminar for the Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the East, New York. The evaluation will be done by comparing their responses to questionnaires before the seminar and after the seminar. Project The project will include at least the following: Part One Background studies 1. Results of the initial survey to demonstrate the need for this project. 2. The place of O.T. Historical books in the redemptive history. --In this section historical perspective of the Old Testament, Covenant theology, the relation of the Old Testament with the New Testament, and typology will be discussed. 3. A section to show a pastor how to approach O.T. passages. --In this section the principles of preparing sermons from the Old Testament narratives will be presented and over twenty sermon excerpts will be analyzed along with the principles and their possible correction will be given. 4. Several sermon outlines preached by a Korean pastor during six month period, and critiques for the sermons. 5. Twelve sermon excerpts from God said, and critiques for the sermons. Part Two Manual Part Three Method and results of evaluation of the training Bibliography

Gravitational Lensing : Models and Astrophysical Applications

채규현 University of Pittsburgh 1999 해외박사

This dissertation is an investigation of gravitational lens models and detailed analyses of the Tensing properties of three astrophysically interesting multiply-imaged quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) Q2237+0305, Q0957+561, and H1413+1143. A general-form power-law elliptical mass distribution is considered as a model for a Tensing object, and a Fourier series expansion technique is applied to obtain semi-analytical expressions for the deflection and magnification due to the general power-law mass model. Investigating more sophisticated lens models permitted by most recent and comprehensive sets of data, the following astrophysical/cosmological results are derived. For Q2237+0305, Tensing properties of the elliptical mass model with varying radial index are calculated, and similarities and quantitative differences between the elliptical lens model and a pseudo-elliptical lens model (a power-law sphere plus shear) are highlighted. For Q0957+561, the elliptical mass model and a power-law sphere are used to model the Tensing galaxy and cluster respectively, as motivated by recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of the galaxy and weak Tensing observations of the cluster. The lens model for Q0957+561 gives a best-fit to present observational constraints and yields a Hubble constant of H_(o) = 57^(+19)_(-16) (95% confidence) km s^(-1) Mpc^(-1). For H1413+1143, recent data from HST WFPC1,2, NICMOS, and FOS are used to explore possible lens models. Analyses of two-component lens models (namely, two-galaxy and galaxy+cluster) indicate that at least the continuum source region is microlensed. The broad emission line region could also be microlensed. However, information from present observations are not sufficient to draw any conclusions on the leasing nature of the broad emission line region or its size scale.