http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
차용걸 ( Yong Geol Cha ) 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 2008 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.41
삼국 가운데 신라는 특징적인 석축산성의 형식으로 왕경의 주변과 지방 요새지에 산성을 축조하였다. 문헌 자료를 분석하면, 6시기로 구분되어 설명될 수 있으며, 이 가운데 5세기 중엽 이전에 석축 산성의 전형이 성립되었다고 볼 수 있는 고고학적 근거는 미약하다. 5세기 후반부터 석축 산성의 전형이 성립되기 시작하여, 6세기 중엽까지는 영토가 넓어짐에 따라 변방 중요 거점에 축성이 이루어지고, 6세기 말에는 왕경의 주변 산성들도 석축으로 증축 내지 개축되었다. 현재까지 진행된 연구 결과를 종합하면, 신라 석축산성의 성립은 첫째, 성벽 외측 하부에 단면 삼각형의 보축을 동반한 내외겹축으로 축조한 성벽을 가진다. 둘째, 성벽에 부가된 치성은 반원통형의 곡성을 특징으로 성립된 후, 그 형태가 말각방형을 거쳐 장방형으로 변천되었다. 셋째, 성문은 성문 개구부 선단이 직각을 이루며, 현문양식과 내옹성을 가진 것이 많다. 넷째, 성내에는 층단을 이루며 깊어지는 못과 원통형의 우물이 마련되고, 수구는 성벽을 관통하도록 만들어진 사례가 많다. 이러한 구조는 산성의 규모 변화와 함께 점차 변화되어 10세기경 이후로 한국 중세 석축산성의 모태가 되었다. Among the Three Kingdoms, the stone walled fortresses were constructed by characteristic manner around the capital and local strategic points in Silla dynasty. According to the historical records, it can be divided into 6 periods. Among them, before the middle of 5th century, the facts that typical structures of stone walled fortresses were established is not supported by archeological evidences. The characteristic structures of stone walled fortresses were emerged from end of 5th century and it spread to the boarder line in the middle of 6th century as expanded territory. At the end of 6th century, those structures were reconstructed or replaced with stone walled fortresses around the capital. Analyzing current studies, the stone walled fortifications of Silla dynasty were established by several characteristic features. Firstly, it has walls consisting of only ashlarwork with triangular cross sectional batter-a wall thickened at its base to form a sloping face-. Secondly, bastions were changed from semi-circular shape to rectangular with rounded edges and finally rectangular shape in a ground plan. Thirdly, edges of front walls in the gateway are forms a right angle and drawbridge or escalier were required to enter the gates, many of those possessed inner barbicans. Forthly, pools with stepped stone edges or round shaped vertical wells within the fortress and water drainage penetrates the stone walls in many cases. These characteristic structures underwent several variations according to the size of fortifications and becomes a matrix for Korean medieval stone walled fortifications after 10th century c.a.
車勇杰 충남대학교 대학원 1975 論文集 Vol.5 No.-
The study on the castles in Korea has not been fully done yet. The form and the function of castles and the method partially and the plan of the castle construction have not fully be studied in part. The present writer comments on the outline of the Korean castles through the archaeologyical sources and data about castles. The form of the Korean first castle was constructed on a low hill like Wallsung(月城), Dalsung(達城), making use of the condition of natural geographical form. To the later period of the Three-kingdoms age, by the establishment of ancient sovereign states, the city rounded castles were constructed in Koguryo(高句麗) and Backje(百濟), but through in Silla(新羅) there were plans of constructing castles after the conquest of other kingdoms, they were not accomplished. Almost of the top of mountain roads, mountain castles as well as city-rounded castles were constructed with a view to protection from enemies. city rounded castles in Balhae(渤海) imitated the castles of Tang Dynasty but those of Korean peninsular did not do so. City rounded castles had been constructed in Koryo Dynasty after the invasion from Kitai(契丹) and in the Northeren territory Chul-Ri fortresses(千里長城) constructed that was constructed with stones on the plane and with soils in the mountains and were connected with forts scattered in the boundary. It showed that the facilities of the mountain castles in Koryo Dymasty had increased gradually in number. Tough in the early Ri Dynasty, city rounded castles were constructed. The Japanese invasion in 1592 resulted in the changes of castles construction in Ri Dynasty. The increase of castle facilities and the method of castle construction was made by the merits of the castles of Myng(明) ana Japan. The materials of castles were bricks since early period of Ri Dynasty, But the latter period of Ri Dynasty, there was a dispute about and bricks were used partly in castle construction. And the writer comment on the fortificational technic was slowly progressed. Some of redan and watergate site was seemed to developed in the Age of Three Kingdom, and some of trench and castlement and guarding-gate-castle developed in the castle construction in Ri Dynasty. Hence the perfection in castle, castlement and guarding-gate-castle and arch formed castle gate and embrasure and gun-plat-form was accommodated in the age from Sunjo(宣祖) to Youngjo(英祖) in Ri Dynasty.