환경영향평가 전문가의 직무스트레스 수준 및 관련 요인

지동하,전혜리,최수현,손부순,최미숙,Ji, Dong-Ha,Jeon, Hye-Ri,Choi, Soo-Hyun,Son, Bu-Soon,Choi, Mi-Suk 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.5

A number of recent studies have shown that occupational stress is closely associated with increased fatigue and decreased job satisfaction. This study was designed to assess stress in workers in the field of EIA (environment impact assessment) from July 2009 through september 2009, and questionnaires were uesd to analyze the stress scores and identify the primary factors influencing stress in this occupation. The number of respondents was 272 working in the Capital (Seoul and Kyunggido), Chungcheongdo, Jejudo area. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants' socio-demographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, occupational stress, reaction factor (self-perceived fatigue, job satisfaction) and buffer factor (social support). Occupational stress and self-perceived fatigue were assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), respectively. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between occupational stress, job satisfaction, and social support, with occupational stress being associated with an increased risk of fatigue and decreased job satisfaction. In the multiple regression analysis(stepwise), the main factors influencing occupational stress were found to be job satisfaction, supervisor, fatigue, working time, no. of personnel, career. The results of this study suggest that occupational stress is a determinant predictor of self perceived fatigue and job satisfaction. Thus, a strong recommendation is made for a stress management program for reduction of occupational stress, and for the development of relevant experts on the health and quality of life of environment impact assessment workers.

대기오염에 의한 치과위생사의 자각증상 특성

지동하,최미숙,손부순,Ji, Dong-Ha,Choi, Mi-Suk,Son, Bu-Soon 대한환경위생공학회 2007 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.22 No.2

This research is based on self-filling survey which 656 dental hygienists who work in, seoul, the metropolitan area, jeon-buk area participated on July 2006 through August 2006. This survey was analyzed the relationship between the subjective symptoms(6 types) and outdoor air quality($O_3,\;NO_2,\;CO,\;SO_2,\;PM_{10}$) As follows analyzed results. The health condition of dental hygienists were "Feel Good" more than 50% in last month. The experience the symptoms level is higher then non-experience level in "Dry eye, itch, smarting", "Headaches", "Fatigue and sleepiness", "Red eye", "Hypersensitivity", "Dorsalgia, omarthralgia, cervicodynia". We anticipated that the more experience the subjective symptom the more likely it is that outdoor air quality will be high rate level. But we could not find the uniformity in metropolitan-area and seoul-area. In the case of jeonbuk area, the group's pollution density levels which experienced the subjective symptom were appeared high rate than inexperienced group except $SO_2$. It probably comes from sensibility for an air pollution in this area. Dental hygienists who work in jeonbuk area have an unusual sensibility for an air pollution because outdoor air quality of jeonbuk area was rule good rather than others area. especially $SO_2$ was revealed out even though low rate level in inexperienced group it is that the number of cars in jeonbuk area is increasing rapidly.

치과병원에서 치료시 발생하는 소음특성

지동하(Dong Ha Ji),최미숙(Mi Suk Choi) 大韓環境工學會 2009 대한환경공학회지 Vol.31 No.12

치과병원에서 가동되는 기기소음이 환자들에게 피해를 줄 것으로 예상되어 치료시(스케일링, 치아제거) 및 비치료시(기기만 가동) 소음특성(소음도, 주파수 특성)을 측정하여 PSIL, NR과 같은 평가방법으로 분석하고 환자들의 기기소음에 대한 반응을 설문조사를 실시하였다. 치료기기로부터 1 m 떨어진 거리에서 측정한 소음도의 범위는 67.7~78.3 dB(A)로 4 k (Hz) 이상의 고주파성분을 나타내고 있으며 응답자의 대부분이 소음에 민감한 반응(기분이 거슬리거나, 병원방문을 망설임, 소름이 돋움, 깜짝 놀람)을 보이는 것으로 조사되었다. PSIL에 의한 소음 평가 및 설문조사 결과 환자와 치과종사자의 대화에는 문제가 없는 것으로 평가되었으나 NR곡선에 의한 평가 결과 NRN에 의한 각 실의 소음기준(ISO) 중 작업장의 소음기준(NRN 60~70 dB(A))을 훨씬 초과하는 수준이었다. 병원을 방문하는 환자들의 소음공포증을 해소시키기 위하여 방음보호구 제공, 저소음·저진동 장비의 선택, 마스킹 효과 등의 다양한 대책을 수립·제공하면 치과의료서비스 질을 개선하고 치과병원 경쟁력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. Noise radiated from medical treatment at dental clinic will affect the patients. On such point of view, We investigated the noise characteristics in case of medical treatment (scaling, tooth eliminating) and non-medical examination (idling) and also evaluated the degree of indoor noise using the evaluation index such as PSIL, NRN and made up a questionnaire about the reactions to noise. As a result of noise evaluation, it shows that the range of noise level is 67.7~78.3 dB(A) and frequency is very high (above 4 k Hz) and respondents are affected by noise (unpleasantness, hesitation to visit dental clinic, shivering with noise, being astonishment). Analysis by PSIL showed that it was no problem to conversation between worker and patient. But it exceeded the noise permit level in working space by NR-curve. To relieve a fear of noise in patients, they are considered to offer the ear protection, choose the low noise-vibration equipment and use the masking effect. They are of great advantage to dental clinics to improve dental service and competitiveness.

요양원의 실내공기질 변화특성

지동하(Dong-Ha Ji),최미숙(Mi-Suk Choi) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 실내공기질의 실시간 농도변화 분석을 통하여 일시적으로 기준값을 초과하는 항목에 대하여 원인 분석을 통하여 요양원의 쾌적한 실내공기질을 유지하기 위한 방안을 제안하고자 실시하였다. 요양원에서 미세먼지(PM10), 이산화탄소(CO2), 일산화탄소(CO), 휘발성유기화합물(VOC), 라돈(Radon) 등 5개 항목에 대하여 다목적 홀에서 봄(4월), 가을(9월)에 각1회 측정을 실시한 결과 측정 항목 모두 실내공기질 관리법에서 정한 기준을 만족하는 것으로 분석되었다. 실시간 농도 변화에 대한 분석 결과 병실의 경우 이산화탄소의 농도가 재실자 수에 의하여 기준치에 근접하는 수준을 보였으며 다목적 홀의 경우 이산화탄소 및 미세먼지는 주간보호 대상 어르신 및 근무자의 프로그램 활동과 휘발성유기화합물의 경우 식탁을 소독하기 위하여 사용하는 소독제(알코올) 및 만들기, 색칠하기 등의 프로그램 운용시 사용되는 보조도구(접착제)로 인하여 일시적으로 기준치를 초과하는 것으로 분석되었다. 결국 측정 대상 요양원에서는 온열환경을 고려하여 주기적인 환기, 천연소독제 사용 및 친환경 접착제 사용 등을 실시한다면 쾌적한 실내공기질 제공이 가능하고 요양원의 경쟁력 확보에도 기여할 것으로 판단된다. In this paper, we proposed a plan to maintain comfortable indoor air quality in nursing homes by suggesting ways to reduce items temporarily exceeding the reference values through real-time concentration variation analysis of indoor air quality. Five items including PM10, CO₂, CO, VOC, and Radon are measured at nursing homes in spring (April) and autumn (September) was carried out and all of the measured items were analyzed to satisfy the criteria set by the Indoor Air Quality Control Act. As a result of the analysis of the real-time concentration change, the concentration of CO₂ was close to the reference value based on the number of occupants in the sick room. Due to the disinfectant (alcohol) used to disinfect and the auxiliary tools (adhesive) used in the operation of the program such as making and coloring, it was analyzed to temporarily exceed the standard value in the hall. In conclusion, it is possible to provide pleasant indoor air quality and contribute to securing the nursing home’s competitiveness if periodic ventilation, natural disinfectant and eco-friendly product are used in consideration of the thermal environment.

치과병원에서 진료시 발생하는 소음특성 분석

지동하(Dong-Ha Ji),이용규(Yong-Gyoo Lee) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2018 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.23 No.12

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of noise from dental clinics on workers and to establish a reduction plan. The noise generated by the treatment instrument(Ultrasonic scaler, Hand piece, 3-way syringe, Suction, Compressor) was measured in order to determine the characteristics(level, frequency) of the noise during medical treatment(Oral prophylaxis, Conservation treatment, Prosthesis treatment, Implant Scaling, Tooth eliminating). We also assessed the noise levels in dental clinic using evaluation indicators such as NR-curves and NRN. The results of the analysis showed that the noise generated during the treatment was 85㏈(A) ~ 70㏈(A) and that the high frequency component was dominant, which would affect the workers working at the dental clinic. The NR-curve analysis showed NR-67 to NR-83 and the high frequency components of 4㎑ to 8㎑ were predominant and far exceeded noise levels in the workplace. To minimize the noise damage of workers and to provide high quality medical service, it is necessary to establish countermeasures such as wearing a soundproof and periodic hearing tests.

치과병원의 소음특성과 적절한 대화거리

지동하(Ji, Dong-Ha),최미숙(Choi, Mi-Suk) 한국산학기술학회 2013 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.5

본 연구는 치과병원에서 진료 시 가동되는 소음이 환자들에게 피해를 줄 것으로 예상되어 진료 시(스케일링, 보존치료, 보철치료, 임플란트)에 소음도와 주파수 특성을 측정하여 NR곡선과 NRN을 이용한 실내소음 수준 및 PSIL 을 이용하여 환자와 근무자 사이의 대화거리 분석을 실시하였다. 진료 시 소음레벨dB(A)의 범위는 69.3~81.5dB(A)이 고 고주파성분(4K(Hz) 이상)을 나타내고 있으며 NR곡선에 의한 평가 결과 작업장의 소음기준을 훨씬 초과하는 수준 이었으며 PSIL에 의한 환자와 치과병원근무자와의 대화가 이루어지는 거리는 1m 이내인 것으로 나타났다. 병원을 방 문하는 환자들의 소음공포증을 해소시키고 환자와 근무자 사이의 만족스러운 대화가 가능한 여건 조성을 위하여 저 소음·저진동 장비의 선택, ANC기술개발, 마스킹 효과, 흡음재 부착, 별도의 대화공간 확보 등의 다양한 대책을 수립 하므로 치과의료 서비스 질 및 치과병원 경쟁력 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. Noise occurred when medical treatment in dental clinic will affect the patients. This study was measured the noise level and frequency in case of medical examination and also has evaluated the degree of indoor noise using the NR-curve, NRN and a distance to conversation between worker and patients using the PSIL. It shows that noise level was 69.3~81.5dB(A) and frequency was very high (more than 4K(Hz)) and analysis by NR-curve showed that it was exceed the noise permit level and distance to conversation was less than 1meter by PSIL. To remedy a fear of noise in patients and provide a conversational satisfaction, it's considered that choosing the low noise-vib. equipment, using the masking effect and set the room to explain. So It is possible to improve their competitiveness.

직무긴장 모형을 이용한 소방공무원의 직무스트레스와 피로

지동하(Dong-Ha Ji) 한국환경관리학회 2012 環境管理學會誌 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 소방공무원들을 대상으로 직무긴장 모형을 이용하여 직무스트레스, 피로 수준을 파악하고 반응요인(피로) 및 중재요인(사회적 지원, 직무만족)과의 관련성을 파악함으로써 소방공무원의 피로를 저감하기 위한 기초 안을 수립하고자 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 소방교육에 참여한 소방공무원 408명을 대상으로 2011년 8월부터 2012년 10월까지 설문조사를 통하여 실시하였으며 설문조사 내용에는 응답자의 일반적 특성, 직무스트레스(KOSS-SF), 중재요인, 반응요인(피로(MFS)) 등에 대하여 평가를 실시하였다. 분석결과 소방공무원의 직무스트레스에 영향을 미치는 주요변수(성별, 결혼상태, 종사기간, 하루처리건수, 음주, 직무만족, 사회적지원)를 조절변수로 하여 로지스틱 회귀 분석결과 직무스트레스가 높은 부류에서 고위험 피로군에 속할 가능성이 33%정도 감소되는 것으로 나타나 소방공무원의 직무스트레스 감소와 피로 방지 하여 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램이 반드시 필요하다고 사료된다. A precedent research has documented that occupational stress is closely associated with increased the risk of fatigue and decreased in job satisfaction. This study was conducted in an effort to assess the relationship of occupational stress to fatigue by using job strain model. The number of respondents was 468 firefighters and period of the investigation was august 2011 through october 2012. A structured questionnaire was employed to evaluate the participants’ sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, job-related factors, occupational stress, job fatigue, satisfaction and social support. Occupational stress and fatigue were assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short form (KOSS-SF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), respectively. In logistic regression analyses, a Q₄(High Strain Job group) was associated with higher odds of react and buffer factor(fatigue, job satisfaction, social support) and the odds was down by 33% after adjustment for gender, marriage, carrier, work load, alcohol drinking, job satisfaction, social support. The results of this study suggest that occupational stress is a determinant predictor of fatigue. Thus, a stress management program for the reduction of occupational stress and fatigue and the promotion of firefighters quality of life is strongly recommended.

소방공무원의 소진과 융합된 매개변수에 따른 이직의도 변화에 관한 비교연구

지동하(Dong-Ha Ji),최미숙(Mi-Suk Choi) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2016 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in turnover intention according to the level of Burn out and the mediating effect in fire officer. Higher levels of emotional labor and turnover intention resulted in higher levels of burn out(p<0.05). We used the logistic regression analysis to compare change of turnover intention according to the level of burn out. In logistic regression analysis, largest mediating factor were working days per week, the number of moving case per a day, physical condition, emotional labor and the odds(Likely to with high turnover intention) was down by 38.9% after adjustment for mediating factors. The results of this study indicate that emotional labor was negatively impact on burn out in fire officer. To reduce the burn out and the turnover intention, it is necessary to do more efforts to improve work environment (working days per week, the number of moving case per a day and emotional labor) and management personal factor(physical condition) for the fire office should be made to reduce such negative effects.

소방공무원의 직무스트레스 수준과 관련 요인

최미숙(Choi, Mi-Suk),지동하(Ji, Dong-Ha),김진우(Kim, Jin-Woo) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.10

본 연구는 소방공무원들을 대상으로 직무스트레스, 피로수준을 파악하고 우리나라 근로자의 평균 직무스트 레스 수준과 비교하며 직무스트레스의 하부영역요인과 중재요인(사회적 지원, 직무만족) 및 반응요인(피로)과의 관련 성을 파악함으로써 소방공무원의 원활한 업무수행을 위한 기초 안을 수립하고자 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 소방보수교육에 참여한 소방공무원 408명을 대상으로 2011년8월부터 2011년 10월까지 설문조사를 통 하여 실시하였으며 설문조사 내용에는 응답자의 일반적 특성, 직무스트레스(KOSS-SF), 중재요인, 반응요인(피로 (MFS)) 등에 대하여 평가를 실시하였다. 분석결과 직무만족은 직무스트레스와 강력한 음의 상관관계를 보이며 피로와는 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 다중회귀 분석 결과 직무만족, 성, 나이, 하루 처리건수, 운동 등이 주요 변수인 것으로 나타났다. 소방공무원의 직무스트레스에 영향을 미치는 주요변수를 조절변수로 하여 로지스틱 회귀 분석결과 직무스트레스가 높은 부류에서 고위험 피로군에 속할 가능성이 15%정도 감소되는 것으로 나타나 소방공무원의 직무스트레스 감소와 건강 증진을 위한 직무만족 향상 프로그램이 반드시 필요하다고 사료된다. This study was designed to assess the factor of influence to occupational stress who work in the field of firefighters and questionnaire was uesd to analyse the stress scores and find the primary factors influence to occupational stress. The number of respondents were 408 who received the refresher training and period of investigation was august 2011 through october 2011. A structured questionnaire was employed to evaluate the participants' socio-demographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, occupational stress, reaction factor (fatigue, job satisfaction) and buffer factor (social support). Occupational stress and fatigue were assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), respectively. The analysis showed that we found a strong correlation between fatigue, job satisfaction and occupational stress. Occupational stress was associated with an increased risk of fatigue and decreased the job satisfaction. In the multiple regression analysis(stepwise), main factor that influence to occupational stress were job satisfaction, gender, age, processing number for a day, exercise. In logistic regression analyses, a higher occupational stress was associated with higher odds of fatigue(High) and the odds was down by 15.0% after adjustment for job satisfaction, gender, age, processing number for a day, exercise. Thus, a job satisfaction promote program for the reduction of occupational stress and the promotion of firefighters's health is strongly recommended.

치과병원의 실내공기질 측정 및 개선에 관한 연구

최미숙(Mi-Suk Choi),지동하(Dong-Ha Ji) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2018 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.23 No.11

The purpose of this study is to propose a management method to maintain the pleasant indoor air quality of the dental clinic by measuring and analyzing the indoor air quality of the dental clinic. The measurement was conducted in two rooms, a lobby where many residents stay in the reception room for waiting for medical treatment, and a VIP room where treatment activities are mainly performed. Measurement items are Temperature, Humidity, CO₂, CO, NO₂, CH₂O, VOC, PM10 and measurement were taken on April 27, 2018. As a result of analyzing the temperature and humidity of the dental clinic, it was analyzed that the average indoor temperature was maintained at 25℃ and the humidity was kept at around 50%, maintaining proper indoor temperature and humidity environment. CO₂ was 855ppm in the VIP Room, which satisfied the maintenance standard. In the case of the lobby, it was analyzed to be 1,160ppm, which exceeded the maintenance standard and it is judged that the carbon dioxide generated by the respiration of the people staying in the lobby is the main reason. The mean concentration of formaldehyde in the VIP room was analyzed as 436μg/㎥, exceeding the maintenance standard, and 2,100μg/㎥ for the VOC exceeded the recommended standard. It was analyzed that the concentration was relatively higher due to the use of disinfectant and other drugs. The mean concentration of PM-10 in the lobby was analyzed as 65μg/㎥ and it was analyzed that it satisfied the maintenance standard. To maintain a pleasant indoor air quality in a dental clinic it is necessary to minimize the effects of formaldehyde, VOC, CO₂ in the VIP rooms and lobby. For this purpose, the entire ventilation system and air purification system of the dental clinic should be installed. In case of the VIP room, local exhaust ventilation should be installed and workers should wear personal protective equipment.