새로운 시민의 등장과 한국의 다문화현상: 결혼이주여성을 중심으로

조희원 ( Hee Won Cho ) 한국세계지역학회 2015 세계지역연구논총 Vol.33 No.3

이제 초국적 이주는 특정한 지역에만 한정된 특수한 현상이 아니다. 지구화가 가속화되어감에 따라 인간의 초국적 이주 현상은 보편적인 현상이 되어가고 있다. 이주민들은 국가의 영토적 경계를 벗어나 새롭게 이주한 국가에 거주하면서 본래의 국적을 유지하는 경우도 있고 이주한 국가에 귀화를 하는 경우도 있다. 한국사회도 1990년대 이후 급증하기 시작한 이주 현상으로 인해 다문화적 변화를 겪고 있다. 다양한 형태의 이주민들이 지속적으로 유입되면서 국적이나 시민권의 문제가 중요한 쟁점으로 부각되고 있다. 특히 임시체류자로 분류되는 이주민들과는 달리 결혼이주여성은 한국사회의 기본 단위인 가족을 구성하고 재생산을 담당하며 영주가 가능한 이주민이다. 그러나 결혼이주여성은 이주민인 동시에 여성이라는 이중적인소수자의 위치에서 이중적으로 배제의 대상이 되고 있다. 결혼이주여성은 한국사회의 중요한 구성원으로서의 역할을 하고 있으나 뿌리 깊은 편견과 제도적인 불평등으로 인해 매우 불안전한 위치에 머물러 있다. 따라서 결혼이주여성의 시민권에 대한 고찰은 이주민에 대한 인식과 사회통합방식에 대한 반성적 성찰을 가능하게 한다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 가진다고 볼수 있다. Now, transnational migration is not a special phenomenon limited only to particular areas. As globalization accelerates, human transnational migration has become a universal phenomenon. Some migrants retain their original nationality living in their new countries they migrated to out of the territorial boundary, or some become naturalized citizens of the new country. Since 1990, Korean society has suffered multicultural transformation through a fast growing migration. As various types of foreign migrants continue to come in, the issue of nationality or citizenship is being magnified as an important controversy. In particular, unlike migrant workers who are classed as temporary migrants, marriage immigrant women organizing a family which is a standard unit of Korean society and taking charge of reproduction are able to settle permanently. But marriage immigrant women are immigrants, and they lie concurrently in a position of minority. So they are doubly an object of exclusion. Although they are an important member of Korean society, they still stay in an unstable and dependent position. Therefore, a review on the citizenship of marriage immigrant women is significant in that it makes reflective introspection on awareness about foreign immigrants and a social integration method possible.

출소자를 고용한 경험에 관한 연구 : Van Manen의 해석학적 현상학을 중심으로

조희원(Cho, Hee-won),도광조(Do, Gwang-jo) 한국교정복지학회 2020 교정복지연구 Vol.0 No.64

본 연구는 출소자 신분을 알고도 직원으로 고용하여 생활지도를 하며 사업장을 경영한 고용주의 경험을 연구대상으로 하였다. 연구의 목적은 출소자를 고용한 고용주의 경험에 대하여 탐구하고, 이를 바탕으로 교정 복지적 관점에서 출소자의 고용에 대한 인식변화 및 사회복지 차원에서의 실천적 의미를 찾는 것이다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위하여 연구 질문으로 “출소자를 고용한 고용주의 경험은 어떠한가?”를 상정하였다. 연구자는 밴 매넌의 네 가지 실존체를 준거로 출소자를 고용한 고용주 경험을 분석한 결과 본질적 주제(4개), 체험분류(12개), 체험내용(30개)을 도출하였다. 좀더 구체적으로 살펴보면, 네 가지 실존체를 통하여 드러난 체험적 신체(어색함과 불안함 교차, 받아들임, 강인함으로 포장)에서 ‘새로운 것에 대한 도전의 기회’를, 체험적 타자(특별한 당신, 차별이 아닌 차이, 협력적 동반자)에서 ‘내가 아닌 또다른 주체’를, 체험적 공간(제도적 공간, 무질서, 공동생활 구역)에서 ‘지평의 변화’를, 체험적 시간(깨달음과 기다림, 인고의 시간, 준비 없는 이별)에서 ‘익숙하지 않은 것에 대한 호의’라는 본질적 주제를 도출하였다. 연구의 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 질문으로 상정하였던 출소자를 고용한 경험의 본질은 다음과 같다. ‘출소자 고용’은 고용주가 현실적 어려움을 극복하기 위한 노력의 일환이기도 하였지만 또 다른 기회의 선택이며, 미묘한 갈등, 무질서, 어색함, 불안, 준비 없는 이별 등 이색적 경험이었다. 고용주는 그런 과정을 통하여 출소자와 관련된 다양한 정부 제도를 알고 활용하게 되었다. 그리고 출소자 직원들의 차이를 인정하고 협력적 동행으로 변화된 환경을 온전히 받아들이기 위해 ‘기다림’과 ‘인고의 시간’이 필요함을 깨닫게 되었다. This study explored the experience of employers who guided their lives by employing them as employees and managed the workplace even when they recognized the status of released prisoners. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of employers employing released prisoners, and based on this, to find out the changes in the perception of employment of released prisoners and their practical meanings in terms of correctional social welfare. And based on interviews as to the released prisoners employment and guidance experiences of the employers who know the status of released prisoners and employ them, this study attempted to explore the meaning of correction (矯正) and the nature of the experience that they perceive. In this regard, the researcher proposed a research question, What is the experience of an employer employing a released prisoner? As a result of this study analyzing experiences of employers employing released prisoners based on Van Mannan s four entities, the researcher derived essential subjects (4), experience classifications (12), and experience contents (30). With a more specific investigation, the essential subjects derived in this study are ‘a opportunity to challenge new things’ from experiential bodies (crossing awkwardness and anxiety, acceptance, packing with strength), revealed through four entities, ‘other subjects not me’ from experiential others (special you, difference other than discrimination, cooperative companions), ‘a change in horizon’ from experiential spaces (institutional spaces, chaos, shared living zones), and ‘a favor for things unfamiliar from experiential time (enlightenment and waiting, time of endurance, parting without preparation). Based on the results of the study, the nature of the experience of hiring released prisoners, which was suggested as the question of this study, is as follows. ‘Released prisoner employment’ was also part of the employer s efforts to overcome difficulties in reality, but it was another choice of opportunity, and exotic experiences such as subtle conflict, chaos, awkwardness, anxiety, and unprepared parting. Through this process, employers were made aware of and utilized various schemes related to released prisoners, and recognized the differences among employees. And to fully accept the changed environment through cooperative walks, they came to realize that ‘waiting’ and ‘time of endurance’ were needed.

<돼지의 왕> : 부조리한 세계, 불협화의 미학

조희원 ( Cho Hee-won ) 한국미학회 2017 미학(美學) Vol.83 No.3

This study aims to clarify the content and the value of aesthetic experience of < The King of pigs >, which is, in general, considered as social criticism. Focusing on the aesthetic aspect, this study contemplates its formal features as well as narrative(content) and tries to propose fuller explanations. For further argument, we adopt the theory of signification and representation in Baudelaire`s aesthetics. The analysis consists of two stages : analysis of content characteristics and analysis of formal features. First, the narrative made up of the coexistence of heroism and anti-heroism seems to make a paradox, and moreover to pass over a dichotomy. As a matter of fact, the author hinders from function of fixed and consistent signification. Second, its formal features can be summarized as a project of representation with dissonance. It causes unpleasant experience, which is against traditional modern aesthetics. Two-phase analysis leads us to the conclusion as follow : the prominent features like fragmented composition and dissonance in content and form disturb spectator`s absorption and get in the way of a unified sense of meaning. The very features make the work autonomous, because they force us to face the reality of reality without any glorification of our everyday lives.

“현대적 삶의 화가” , 마네(E. Manet): 보들레르의 현대회화론을 중심으로

조희원 ( Hee Won Cho ) 한국미학회 2014 미학(美學) Vol.77 No.-

Cette etude a pour but d`etudier le caractere de la peinture de Manet par l`intermediaire de la relation avec Baudelaire. Cela nous permet d`examiner Manet comme peintre de la vie moderne. Manet, qui est au courant de l`idee de Baudelaire concernant l`art moderne, essayait de realiser a sa propre maniere l`autonomie de l`art dans ses toiles. Il s`agit donc l`intention de Manet. D`abord, nous avons vu leurs differentes perspectives sur la methode de peinture moderne. Tandis que Baudelaire propose une theorie de l`art moderne basee sur anti-representation, Manet fait la synthese du passe en refaisant les oeuvres des maitres anciens malgre son amitie vers Baudelaire. Cependant, Manet a realise un tableau sans signification voire autonome a travers la representation conventionelle qui trouble Baudelaire. Cela correspond a l`intention de Manet, qui vise a realiser la theorie baudelairienne de l`art moderne et l`auotonomie de l`art. De ce fait, nous avons concu l`originalite de la peinture de Manet au niveau thematique et formelle, et nous l`avons reconnu le peintre de la vie moderne.

빅데이터 기반 출소자 재범방지를 위한 AI 플랫폼 구축 연구

조희원(Cho, Hee won),도광조(Do, Gwang jo),유병선(Yu Byeong seon),박준수(Park Jun su) 한국교정복지학회 2021 교정복지연구 Vol.0 No.70

본 연구는 빅데이터에 기반하여 출소자 재범방지 정책과 관련된 의사결정의 최적화 지원방안을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있으므로, 한국법무보호복지공단의 빅데이터를 개념화(이론모형 및 내용 체계)시키고 이를 활용하기 위한 업무 수행체계를 제안하였다. 이 제안의 의미는 다음과 같다. 첫째, AI 기반 플랫폼은 출소자를 둘러싸고 있는 지역사회 범죄예방 생태계의 데이터를 체계화시키고 갱생보호사업 수행을 지원하는 데 필요한 데이터를 수집 및 가공․처리하여 가치를 창출하는 것에 있다. 둘째, 데이터를 가공하여 처리하고 종합하여 가치를 창출하는 부분이 빅데이터 활용의 핵심이라고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 정책 추진 시 인프라 구축 및 유지관리하는 기능보다는 출소자 사회적응 향상에 대한 가치 창출 및 출소자 지원사업 의사결정을 지원하는 기능이 중심이 되는 한국법무보호복지공단 “법무보호지능센터(가칭)” 구축이 우선되어야 할 것이다. 넷째, 빅데이터의 가치를 공유하고 활용하는 데 있다. 따라서 지속해서 내부 전문가를 양성하고 홍보할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 한국법무보호복지공단 빅데이터의 가치 공유와 실천은 지역사회 범죄예방실천과 공단의 의사결정의 최적화를 지원할 수 있고 나아가 한국법무보호복지공단이 선제적인 맞춤형 갱생보호서비스를 실현해 나가는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 한국법무보호복지공단이 한국지능정보사회진흥원에서 주관하는 2020 데이터플래그십 공모사업을 통하여 구축한 “출소자의 재범방지를 위한 빅데이터 기반 AI 플랫폼”을 잘 활용하여 출소자들의 사회적응역량을 강화하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이렇게 지역사회와의 연결고리를 맺어줌으로써 출소자들이 온전히 사회적응을 하도록 하며, 재범방지를 향하는 길로 가는 것이 국가 및 지역사회의 책무이다. The purpose of this study was to explore ways to support optimization of decision making related to ex‐prisoners recidivism prevention policies based on big data, and conceptualized the big data of the Korea Rehabilitation Agency (theoretical model and content system), and proposed a work performance system to utilize it. First, this platform is to systematize the data of the crime prevention ecosystem in the community surrounding ex‐prisoners, and to create value by collecting, processing‐treating data necessary to support the implementation of rehabilitation protection projects. Second, it can be said that the part that creates value by processing, treating, and synthesizing data is the core of the use of big data. Third, when implementing policies, rather than constructing and maintaining infrastructure, the construction of the “Legal Protection Intelligence Center (tentative)” of the Korea Rehabilitation Agency, which focuses on creating value for improving ex‐prisoners social adjustment and supporting decision‐making in support projects for exprisoners, should be given priority. Fourth, it is to share and utilize the value of big data. Therefore, there is a need to continuously cultivate and promote internal experts. Fifth, sharing and implementing the value of big data of the Korea Rehabilitation Agency can support the practice of crime prevention in the local community and the optimization of the Agency’s decision‐making, and furthermore will be able to contribute to the Korea Rehabilitation Agency’s realizing preemptive customized rehabilitation protection services. It is important for the Korea Rehabilitation Agency to reinforce the social response capacity of ex‐prisoners by making good use of the “big databased AI platform for prevention of ex‐prisoners recidivism” established the 2020 data flagship contest organized by the Korea National Information Society Agency. By establishing a connection with the local community in this way, it is the responsibility of the nation and the community to help ex prisoners to fully adapt to society and to go on the path towards recidivism prevention.

한국의 낙태규제정책

조희원(Hee Won Cho) 경희대학교 인류사회재건연구원 2013 OUGHTOPIA Vol.28 No.1

본 논문의 목적은 한국의 낙태규제정책이 시대적 변화의 요청에 부응하지 못한채 오랫동안 큰 변화 없이 그대로 유지되어 온 결과 많은 문제점을 발생시키고 있으므로 입법 당시와는 달라진 사회현상을 반영하여 변화되어야 함을 밝히는데 있다. 그동안 한국정부는 인구조절을 위해 가족계획사업을 실시해 왔는데 이 때 낙태는 출산규제를 위한 중요한 수단이 되었다. 그러나 출산율이 급격히 떨어진 현재는 출산율을 늘리기 위한 방편으로 낙태를 엄격히 금지하고 있다. 이것은 출산의 주체인 여성의 자유와 요구를 억압하고 사법적 통제와 의료?기술적 통제를 통해 여성의 몸을 출산정책의 수단으로 규정하고 도구화 하는 것을 의미한다. 정부의 정책이 당사자를 억압하거나 배제하면서 그들의 의사와는 다른 방향으로 추진된다면 그 효과를 기대하기 어려울 것이다. 따라서 하나의 독립된 행위라기보다는 다양한 사회적?개인적 삶의 맥락 속에서 일어나는 낙태문제는 출산정책과 구분하여 추진되어야 하며, 여성들이 낙태를 할 수 밖에 없는 상황에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 한다. 더불어 개개인이 처한 삶의 다층적인 면을 반영한 낙태정책, 낙태문제의 당사자인 여성의 선택권이 존중되는 낙태정책이 이루어져야 한다고 본다. This paper insists that the abortion restriction policy of Korea has been maintained without a great change for a long term, failing to respond to the request of change under the new era, and as a result, many problems have arisen, so that this policy should be changed according to a new social phenomenon that is different from that of legislation time. In the meantime, Korean government has implemented the family planning project for population control, when an abortion was used as an important means for birth control. However, currently a birth rate drastically dropped, so as a measure for increasing the birth rate, abortion is strictly prohibited. This means that the freedom and request of a woman, a main agent, is suppressed and also through legal restrictions and medical and technical restrictions, the body of a woman is defined as a method of birth policy and is treated as a tool. If the government policy suppresses or excludes a person directly involved, pursued toward a direction different from her intention, it will be difficult to expect the effect of the policy. Therefore, the abortion problem that arises in the context of various social and personal lives rather than being seen as an independent choice should be pursued differently from birth policy, and it should be preceded to understand a situation where females cannot help choosing abortion. Together with this, an abortion policy should be created, by which the right of choice of women involved in the abortion problem and abortion policy reflecting multi-level aspects of each personal different life should be respected.

예술의 자율성 (autonomie de l`art): 보들레르와 그린버그의 비교를 통하여

조희원 ( Cho Hee Won ) 한국미학회 2013 미학(美學) Vol.73 No.-

Cette etude a pour but de comparer l`autonomie de l`art de Baudelaire et celle de Greenberg et d`en proposer une possiblite de definir l`autonomie de l`art contemporain au sein de sa diversite. Des que le mot modernisme est apparu dans l`histoire de l`art, il est vrai que plusieurs notions d`autonomie de l`art ont ete proposees. En depit de cela, notre etude est centree sur la comparaison entre l`autonomie de l`art de Greenberg et celle de Baudelaire. Car les deux personnages sont toujours evoques dans les debats concernant l`art moderne. Greenberg, ayant le positivisme et le formalisme kantien, affirme le dualisme du sujet/objet. Par contre, Baudelaire franchit le dualisme pose par le logocentrisme et approche du paradoxe, qui correspond e une coexistence du solidaire et du solitaire. Dans ce cadre, nous avons vu leurs differentes visions au niveau du sujet, du present, de lhistoire et de l`autonomie de l`art. De ce fait, nous avons pu constater que l`autonomie de l`art chez Baudelaire merite d`etre examinee de plus pres en tant que caracteristique de l`art contemporain, parce qu`il est passe a une nouvelle phase de l`epistemologie.

현대사회와 소외(疏外) : 지구화과정을 통해 본 한국의 다문화주의: 결혼이주여성을 중심으로

조희원 ( Hee Won Cho ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2010 사회과학연구 Vol.36 No.2

The multiculturalism in South Korea has become a social issue since 1990s after the acceleration of globalization process through migrant workers and marriage immigrants. The multiculturalism in western countries was formed to unify their residents and immigrant groups of their countries. In contrast, multiculturalism in Korea was to assimilate new minorities formed by globalization in Korea. Especially, multicultural policy of Korea is for female marriage immigrants as Korean residents, not for short-term migrant workers. Female marriage immigrants are recognized as Korean residents, due to the fact that unlike the short-term migrant workers, the female marriage immigrants give birth to a Korean child and as they become a part of Korean family, they are accepted as Korean citizens. But the multicultural policies of Korea are criticized for concentrating on ethnic centrism based on the paternal lineage. In consequence, this paper insists upon the current multicultural policy, lead by the government, cannot be the alternative plan for the diverse family crisis confronted by Korean society. At the same time, emphasizing the obligation for policy propulsion upon the constitution of circumstances for the female marriage immigrants to carry on their role as citizens of Korea and accepting them as new dwellers, not as substitutional work force for the a shortage of labor force or to solve the problem of decreasing birth rate in Korean society.

아동의 기질 및 주장적 행동과 어머니의 양육행동이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향

조희원(Hee Won Cho),박성연(Seong Yeon Park),지연경(Yeon Kyung Chee) 한국아동학회 2011 아동학회지 Vol.32 No.6

The purpose of the present study was to examine mechanisms by which the characteristics of child temperament influences academic achievement in late childhood. It was hypothesized that the effects of child temperament on achievement would be mediated by assertive behavior on the part of children and maternal parenting behavior. Data for this study came from self-report questionnaires completed by 657 elementary school children (343 boys, 314 girls). The results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that child temperament affected academic achievement through both assertive behavior and maternal parenting behavior; this was evidenced across the entire sample. Child temperament (approach- withdrawal, mood quality, persistence) also had a number of positive effects on assertive behavior (directiveness, social assertiveness, defense of rights and interests) and maternal parental behavior (warmth-acceptance, guidance). These results were found to be the case for both boys and girls. The results of this study further revealed that maternal parenting behavior mediated the relationship between child temperament and achievement for boys, whereas assertive behavior played the same role for girls. These findings suggest the need for different approaches in developing programs to improve levels of academic achievement which give due consideration to child temperament and social behavior as well as parenting, based on child gender.

한국의 다문화주의와 단일민족주의: 공존과 사회적 통합을 중심으로

조희원 ( Hee Won Cho ) 단국대학교 분쟁해결연구센터 2014 분쟁해결연구 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study is to seek measures for coexistence and social integration in Korea without conflicts between homogenous nationalism that has been the basis of Korean society and multiculturalism that appeared as foreign immigrants increased. Although many western countries are announcing abolition or failure of multiculturalism, in Korean society, multiculturalism is being considered as a huge flow of globalization and an alternative that we should pursue. It is said that because in the global flow of the multicultural age, an emphasis on ethnic identity could lead to closed nationalism, the idea of nationalism is a target to be eliminated. However, multiculturalism in Korea, not like western countries, should reflect the distinctiveness, that is, a divided nation, and multicultural policies should be established in a large frame, social integration, after unification. For this, multiculturalism and homogenous nationalism should not be considered contradicting or incompatible, and efforts to actively reflect and apply them in conceiving measures to overcome the state of division should be made.