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학교 유형별 기간제 교사가 학업성취도에 미치는 영향 분석
조현국 ( Hyun Kuk Cho ) 한국경제학회 2013 經濟學硏究 Vol.61 No.2
본고는 기간제 교사가 학생들의 학업성취도에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 기간제 교사는 정교사와 비교하여 고용안정성이 낮고 교직경력이 부족한 등의 이유로 교사자질이 높지 않을 수 있으나, 사립학교 기간제 교사는 정교사로 전환할 수 있는 인센티브가 있어 상대적으로 많은 근로노력을 투입할 가능성이 있다. 이는 공립학교의 경우 기간제 교사가 학업성취도에 부정적인 영향을 미치나, 사립학교에서는 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 의미한다. 기존 연구에서는 사립학교와 공립학교를 구분하지 않고 기간제 교사의 효과를 분석 한데 반해, 본고는 두 종류의 학교를 구분하여 기간제 교사 효과를 분석한다. 본고는 공립학교에서는 기간제 교사가 대학수학능력시험 언어, 외국어 영역 점수에 부정적인 영향을 미치나 사립학교에서는 두 과목의 점수에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 보인다. 본고는 또한 기간제 교사가 학생들의 학교만족도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였는데, 공립학교에서는 기간제 교사가 학생들의 학교 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않으나 사립학교에서는 기간제 교사 비율이 높아질수록 학교 만족도가 상승함을 발견하였다. The use of contract teachers is pervasive in Korean schools, especially in private schools. While contract teachers are temporary teachers, both in public and private schools, private school teachers have incentives to work harder to get a permanent job offer. This implies that public school contract teachers may have negative effects on students` academic achievement, but private school contract teachers may have either positive or negative effects. This paper estimates the effects of contract teachers on students` academic achievement and school satisfaction. The findings indicate that public school contract teachers have negative effects on Korean and English test scores, while private school contract teachers have positive effects on the test scores of the two subjects. No effects were found on math test score. In addition, contract teachers had positive effects on school satisfaction in private schools, but had no effects in public schools.
신장과 노동시장 성과 관계: 패널 데이터를 이용한 분석
조현국 ( Hyun Kuk Cho ) 한국노동경제학회 2014 勞動經濟論集 Vol.37 No.2
신장이 노동시장 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석한 문헌은 신장 프리미엄이 존재함을 보이면서도 능력을 통제하면 신장 프리미엄이 줄어든다고 하였다. 이는 신장 효과 추정 시 능력 변수를 적절히 통제하지 않으면 신장 효과가 과대 추정될 수 있음을 의미한다. 본고는 문헌 최초로 개인고정효과(FE) 모델을 사용하여 신장 효과를 추정한다. 최소자승법(OLS)으로 분석 시 키가 큰 남학생이 리더 포지션을 획득할 확률이 유의적으로 높으나, 개인고정효과를 통제하면 둘의 관계는 유의하지 않다. 여학생은 OLS, FE 모두 신장 프리미엄이 나타나지 않는다. Previous studies show that tall people have better labor market outcomes, but controlling for their abilities reduces the size of height effects. This implies that a failure to properly control for one’s ability could overestimate the OLS estimate. This paper contributes to the literature by being the first to control for individual fixed effects (FE) and to examine height effects on the probability of one’s attaining a leadership position. The data used are panel data of a cohort obtained during the cohort’s middle and high school years. In OLS estimation, this paper finds positive height effects for boys. However, when controlling for individual fixed effects, the estimate is not statistically significant. For girls, the height effects are found on neither OLS nor FE model.
박병수 ( Byung-soo Park ),강일권 ( Il-kwon Kang ),함상준 ( Sang-jun Ham ),박치완 ( Chi-wan Park ),김수형 ( Su-hyeong Kim ),조현국 ( Hyun-kuk Cho ) 한국어업기술학회 2016 수산해양기술연구 Vol.52 No.3
Marine casualties originated from fishing vessels occupied about 71.2% of the whole marine casualties in Korea from 2008 to 2014, which has not changed much for a long time. Therefore, a pragmatic counterplan to decrease in casualties in fishing vessel is indispensable for reduction of marine casualties in Korea. Since the casualties occurred by fishing vessels may incline to a specific type of casualties according to the difference in the operating type; in this paper, 11 fishing types which occurred casualties frequently in numbers and occupied ratio were selected. Since the most frequent occurring casualties in fishing vessels were from collisions and fire explosion in statistics from KMST (2008~2014), the study focused on them. The collision is given a great deal of weight in all the casualties mostly due to the negligence of duty regardless of the job types. Gill netter, trap fishing boat, jig boat, multiple fishing boat and stow netter have their own specific causes of casualties in collision according to the operating types. The cause of fire explosion was mainly due to poor inspection and maintenance the electric cord. For this reason, it may be necessary for an operator to make strict precaution on the other vessels under way systematically, keep the regulation for preventing collisions, and for an engineer on watch to make a check the electricity periodically to reduce the fire explosion.
TiAl 계 금속간화합물에서 Mn 첨가가 상온연성에 미치는 효과
정인상,조현국 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1992 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.30 No.10
TiAl intermetallic compounds are regarded as one of the most feasible future elevated temperature structural materials, because of their high elevated temperature strength and oxidation resistance. However, it has been pointed out that they are difficult to fabricate due to their poor ductility at room temperature, which restricts their applications. In this study, attempts to improve the room temperature ductility of TiAl intermetallic compounds were made via the addition of Mn and designing heat treatments, which can refine grain size, shorten slip length and control microstructure and phase constitution. Maximum strain was obstained at the composition of Ti-47.6Al-2.7Mn(at.%) heat created at 1623 K for 30 hours. This can be rationalized by the fact that the addition of Mn tends to lower volume fraction of α₂, promote formation of γ phase containing twins, change axial ratio (c/a), refine grain size and shape lamellar morphology. Peak hardness value was obtained with the heat treatment at 1623 K for 30 hours. This increased hardness might be explained in terms of the increased volume of the α₂ phase and decreasing grain size by the addition of Mn.