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조유연,이대규,곽준영 한국세라믹학회 2022 세라미스트 Vol.25 No.4
In the fourth industrial revolution, the efficient processing of huge amounts of data is important due to the development of artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT), and machine learning (ML). The conventional computing system, which is known as von Neumann architecture, has been facing bottleneck problems because of the physical separation of memory and central processing unit (CPU). Many researchers have interested to study on neuromorphic computing, inspired by the human brain, to solve the bottleneck problems. The development of artificial neuromorphic devices, such as neuron and synaptic devices, is important to successfully demonstrate a neuromorphic computing hardware. Various Si CMOS transistor- based circuits have been investigated to implement the behaviors of the biological neuron and synapse; however, they are not suitable for mimicking the large-scale biological neural networks because of Si CMOS transistor’s scalability and power consumption issues. In this report, we review the recent research progress in artificial neurons and synaptic devices based on emerging materials and discuss the future research direction of artificial neural networks.
이대로,김영한,박근원,호명진,정혁준,조하라,박준서,최용석,염동우,최영욱,강명주 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.7
The aim of the study was to formulate the solid dosage form of the supersaturable self-emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) for tacrolimus, a poorly watersoluble immunosuppressant, to enhance the dissolution rate and oral absorption. A solid formulation was prepared by adsorbing the liquid S-SEDDS onto porous carriers including FujicalinⓇ (dibasic calcium phosphate). Macroscopic observation using scanning electron microscopy and drug crystallinity determination using X-ray powder diffraction revealed that the calcineurin inhibitor was effectively held within the intact porous carriers in a solubilized form. In an in vitro dissolution test in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), there were no remarkable differences in the release rate and extent of dissolution between liquid and Fujicalin-based solid S-SEDDS, achieving over 90 % drug release after 15 min. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic parameters for tacrolimus in the liquid and FujicalinⓇ- based solid S-SEDDS after oral administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg were statistically equivalent in rats (p>0.05). This study suggests that solidification of liquid S-SEDDS using FujicalinⓇ, a soluble adsorbent in acidic medium, can be a promising approach to obtain the free-flowing powder form of liquid S-SEDDS while preserving the high and fast dissolution rate of the liquid self-emulsifying system.
망막분지정맥폐쇄와 연관된 황반부종에 대한 레이저치료 및 유리체내 트리암시놀론 주입의 효과
이대규,조남천,Dae Gyu Lee,Nam Chun Cho 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.2
Purpose: To examine the clinical effect of combination method of laser treatment and intravitreal triamcinolone (TA) injection for patient of macular edema with branched retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: fifteen patients,-(15 eyes), 7 malse and 8 females, with macular edema associated with BRVO were included in the study. The mean age was 59.47 years old. The response to treatment was monitored functionally by visual acuity assessment and anatomically by Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT) for macular thickness. Four milligrams of TA were injected into the vitreous cavity. The clinical outcome and complication were reviewed, retrospectively. Results: After the combination method of laser treatment and intravitreal TA injection, 13 (87%), 12 (80%), 13 (87%) of the 15 eyes showed improved the mean visual acuity at 1-, 2-, and 6-month follow-ups retrospectively. Central macular thickness as measured by OCT decreased by 37% (312.5±9 ?m), 42% (282.1±556 ?m), and 56% (276.9±76 ?m), at the same follow-ups from an initial pretreatment mean of 495.9±114 ?m. The post-operative complications were intraocular pressure elevation (1 eye, 7%), and cataract (3 eyes, 20%). However, there were no serious postoperative complication such as retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and endophthalmitis. Conclusions: The combination method of laser treatment and intravitreal TA injection may be useful for treating patient of macular edema with BRVO