현대미술의 관점에서 본 현대자수의 표현양상 - 작가 연구 및 작품 분석을 중심으로 -

조원아 사단법인 한국조형디자인협회 2019 조형디자인연구 Vol.22 No.1

When entering the 20th century, each area of art underwent huge changes in the boundaries between genres. It was the same in contemporary fiber art. From Bauhaus (1919-1933) to Anni Albers (1899-1994), people proposed the artistic possibilities of textiles and grew out of the traditional methods in search of harmony with pure art. Starting at the "International Tapestry Biennial of Lausanne" held in 1962, works of fiber art distanced themselves from the old fixed common notions and began to pursue pure formativeness. Since the 1970s, fiber art was established as an area of formative art as artists changed their ideas of art in new ways. These changes of the times naturally brought changes to the expressive methods of fiber art as well. Contemporary embroidery also began to settle down as an independent genre with artistic values by growing out of old fixed ideas inclined toward technique. Early modern embroidery, which used to be made with a focus on decorative effects, had its expressive patterns expanded in diverse and complex ways according to the passing of time. This study set out to examine the expressive patterns of embroidery, which used to be considered as women's pastime in the field of traditional crafts, within the framework of contemporary art under the name of "contemporary embroidery" in relation to the characteristics of contemporary art. Art has changed according to the periodic and social changes with each of its genres organically connected to one another, which means that there might be limitations with the analysis of contemporary embroidery within an independent framework. The investigator recognized that the expressive patterns of contemporary embroidery could be understood from the four following perspectives of contemporary art: first, contemporary embroidery employed a method of subjective reproduction with an artist's formative language intervened in it rather than imitative reproduction to express an object; second, contemporary embroidery maximized the unique formativeness of embroidery and overcame its physical limitations by fusing together with an array of media; third, contemporary embroidery sought after the visualization of something invisible and immaterial beyond the expression of concreteness that was dominant in traditional and early modern embroidery; and finally, artists of contemporary embroidery were no longer subordinate to materials or techniques when expressing their ideas and internal messages. The present study investigated the expressive patterns of contemporary embroidery in four areas, which include artistic reproduction through formative language, fusion with various media, diversification of objects of expression, and conceptualization of creative intention, shedding light on the formative possibilities and unique potential values of contemporary embroidery. 20세기에 이르러 예술의 각 분야는 장르간의 경계가 허물어지는 큰 변화가 이루어졌고 이에 현대 섬유예술 역시 바우하우스(Bauhaus, 1919-1933)에 이르러 아니 알베르스(Anni Albers, 1899-1994)가 직물의 예술적 가능성을 제시하며 전통적인 방식으로부터 벗어나 순수예술과의 조화를 모색하게 되었다. 1962년에 개최된 ‘로잔느 국제 타피스트리 비엔날레(International Tapestry Biennial of Lausanne)’를 기점으로 섬유예술 작품들은 기존의 고정화된 통념(通念)에서 벗어나 순수한 조형성을 추구하기 시작하였다. 1970년대 이후 섬유예술은 작가들의 예술개념에 대한 새로운 의식변화로 인해 조형예술의 한 분야로 자리매김하게 되었다. 그러한 시대적 변화는 자연스럽게 섬유예술의 표현방식에도 변화를 가져왔으며 현대자수 역시 기존의 기법위주의 고정적인 관념에서 탈피해 예술성을 지닌 독자적 장르로 자리 잡기 시작하였다. 이처럼 제한된 틀 안에서 제작되어 온 근대자수는 시대적 흐름과 맞물려 그 표현양상이 다양하고 복합적으로 확대된 것이다. 본 연구는 전통적인 공예의 분야에서 여성들의 소일거리로 인식되어 왔던 자수가 ‘현대자수’라는 명칭 하에 현대미술의 틀 속에서 어떠한 표형양상을 나타내고 있는지 현대미술의 특징과 관련해 고찰해 보고자 본다. 예술은 시대적, 사회적 흐름에 따라 변모해왔고 각 장르마다 유기적으로 연결되어 있기 때문에 현대자수를 독립적인 틀에서 분석한다는 것은 한계가 있다고 보기 때문이다. 본 연구자는 현대미술의 관점에서 본 현대자수가 다음 네 가지의 표현양상을 띠고 있다고 인지하였다. 첫째, 현대자수는 어떤 대상을 표현함에 있어 모방적 재현이 아닌 작가의 조형언어가 개입된 주관적 재현의 방법을 띠고 있다. 둘째, 현대자수는 다양한 매체와의 융합(融合)을 통해 자수가 지닌 독특한 조형성을 극대화시키고 있으며 자수가 지닌 물리적 한계를 극복하고 있다. 셋째, 전통자수와 근대자수의 주를 이뤘던 구상성의 표현을 넘어서 현대자수는 비(非)가시적이고 비물질적인 것의 가시화를 추구하고 있다. 넷째, 현대자수 작가들은 더 이상 재료나 기법에 종속되지 않고 자신의 개념과 내적 메시지를 표출하고자 한다. 이처럼 본 연구에서는 현대자수의 표현양상을 ‘조형언어를 적용한 재현방식, 다양한 매체와의 융합, 표현 대상의 다양화, 작업의도의 개념화‘의 네 가지 영역으로 분류하여 고찰해봄으로써 현대자수가 가진 조형적 가능성과 고유의 잠재적 가치를 조명(照明)하고자 한다.

해체주의 건축과 설치미술의 상관관계 분석

조원아 사단법인 한국조형디자인협회 2019 조형디자인연구 Vol.22 No.2

Today’s society contains a mix of diversity and complexity; thus, people have searched for the manifestation of peculiarity, which has become the driving force of new paradigms. Given the development of creative paradigms through the fusion of ideas and technology across each sector of society, this study set out to examine the correlations between architecture and art, in particular, the correlation between deconstructivist architecture and installation art, both of which emerge since postmodernism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the two genres based on their similarities in terms of form, in which both aim to arouse people's attention to the fundamental ideas hidden behind their forms and to explore more open ways of thinking. In an effort to try and develop these points, this study examined the background behind the emergence of deconstructivist architecture and installation art and bestowed legitimacy through theoretical research and empirical examples regarding their similarities in terms of form. These research efforts led to the following conclusions about the correlation between deconstructivist architecture and installation art: first, both deconstructivist architecture and installation art appear in the background of reorganizing the old value system by denying the rational and absolute ruling system of modernism; second, the exterior forms of both deconstructivist architecture and installation art can be understood as irregular in their pursue of free shape: and finally, space, as it is addressed in deconstructivist architecture and installation art, is existential and experiential, which goes beyond physical space concepts. The two genres pursue space that is not separated from human life. These findings demonstrate that there are similarities in the concepts of deconstructivist architecture and installation art in that they both have tried to destroy the conventional humancentric values for reshaping them as well as have common features in the irregular external features between them. This study will hopefully arouse people's attention to an openness of thinking that both deconstructivist architecture and installation art have tried to pursue and thus inspire future movements to explore the creation of new paradigms. 오늘날의 사회는 다양성(多樣性)과 복잡성(複雜性)이 혼재(混在)된 가운데 특이성(特異性)의 발현을 모색하여 왔고, 이러한 특이성은 새로운 패러다임(Paradigm)을 형성하는 원동력이 되어 왔다. 사회 각 분야는 사상·기술의 융합을 통해 창조적 패러다임의 발전을 이룩하고 있는 바, 본 연구에서는 건축과 예술, 특히 포스트모더니즘(Postmodernism) 영향 하에 등장한 해체주의 건축과 설치미술 사이에 어떠한 상관관계가 있는지 고찰한다. 이는 해체주의 건축과 설치미술에 나타나는 형태적 유사성에 근거해 두 장르의 상관관계를 밝힘으로써 형태 이면에 감추어진 근본 사상을 환기시켜 열린 사고(思考)를 모색하기 위함이다. 이러한 논지(論旨)를 펼치기 위해 본 연구에서는 해체주의 건축과 설치미술의 등장 배경을 살펴보고, 두 장르의 형태적 유사성에 대한 이론적 연구와 실증적 예를 통해 정당성을 부여하고자 하였다. 이와 같은 연구를 기반으로 얻은 해체주의 건축과 설치미술의 상관관계에 대한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 해체주의 건축과 설치미술은 모더니즘의 이성적·절대적 지배체제에 대한 부정을 통하여 기존의 가치체계를 재(再)구성한다는 공통된 등장 배경을 지닌다. 둘째, 해체주의 건축과 설치미술의 외형적 형태는 획일화되지 않은 자유 형태를 취한다는 점에서 ‘비정형(非正形)’으로 이해할 수 있다. 셋째, 해체주의 건축과 설치미술에서 다루는 ‘공간‘은 사변적(思辨的)인 공간개념을 넘어 실존적이고 체험되는 공간이며, 두 장르는 인간의 삶과 분리되지 않은 열린 공간을 지향하고 있다. 이와 같이 해체주의 건축과 설치미술은 비정형의 외형적 특성 뿐 아니라 기존의 가치체계를 해체하여 새롭게 재구축하려 했던 측면에서 개념적으로 유사성을 띠고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구가 해체주의 건축과 설치미술이 추구하고자 했던 ’사고의 포용성‘을 환기시킴으로써 새로운 패러다임의 형성을 모색하는 행보가 되길 기대한다.

Clinical Implications of Routine Monitoring of Pulmonary Function and Ventilation in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

조한얼,이장우,최원아,강성웅 연세대학교의과대학 2022 Yonsei medical journal Vol.63 No.6

Purpose: To investigate the effect of regular monitoring of pulmonary function and ventilatory status on the initiation of non-invasiveventilation (NIV) between patients who were routinely monitored before receiving NIV and those who were not. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included subjects with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who first receivedNIV between 2010 and 2019. The subjects were assigned to either the regular-follow-up (REG) group or the non-REG group,according to their follow-up status, before initiating NIV. We compared the number of emergent cases, the results of nocturnal ventilatorymonitoring, and the pulmonary function of each group at initial ventilatory support. Results: In total, 73 subjects were enrolled in the REG group and 47 subjects in the non-REG group. There were significantly moreemergency cases due to respiratory insufficiency in the non-REG group (12/47, 25.5%) than in the REG group (3/73, 4.1%). At thetime of initial ventilatory support, hypoventilatory symptoms were more common and relatively severe in the non-REG group(37/47, 78.7%) than in the REG group (18/73, 24.7%). The average age at initial ventilatory support of the non-REG group was 2.15years older than that of the subjects in the REG group. Moreover, subjects who were not regularly monitored exhibited greater deteriorationin pulmonary function compared to those who were regularly followed up. Conclusion: Regular evaluation of pulmonary function and ventilatory status before the onset of ventilatory insufficiency is crucialto reduce the risk of patients with DMD requiring emergency care due to ventilatory insufficiency.

한국의 탄소중립을 위한 CCUS 부문 국가별 국제협력 잠재력 분석

조민선,전은진,신현하,이원아,손지희 한국에너지기후변화학회 2023 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.18 No.2

As humanity and ecosystems continue to be threatened by the accelerating climate crisis, carbon neutrality is an essential task at the global level. As carbon neutrality has become a new trend in the international order, competition for technological hegemony through preoccupy with new global carbon neutrality markets is intensifying. Therefore, it is necessary to secure carbon neutrality technology competitiveness through technological innovation, and it is necessary to secure technology competitiveness in the field of CCUS, which is a core technology among carbon neutrality technologies. This study aims to analyze the potential for international cooperation in the CCUS sector for carbon neutrality in Korea through a geopolitical analysis of all connected factors such as politics, economy, and society as well as environmental technology aspects. As a method to analyze the potential for international cooperation, the purpose of cooperation and the target country for analysis were set, potential evaluation indicators were selected, and the potential was assessed. The weight of each indicator was calculated using the AHP approach, and the potential for CCUS international cooperation by country was analyzed from the comprehensive results calculated through this. These results have the potential to be used as a decision-making tool to establish a CCUS international cooperation strategy.

시각 장애인에 대한 인식 개선을 위한 ‘Hear me later’ VR 콘텐츠 제작 연구

강예원,조원아,홍승아,이기한,고혜영 (사)한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회 2020 컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지 Vol.26 No.3

This study was conducted to improve the education method for improving perception awareness of the visually-impaired. ‘Hear me later’ was designed and implemented based on VR content that allows the visually-impaired experience in the eyes and environment. The main target is from middle and high school students to adolescents in their twenties. It is consisted of a student, the user’s daily life with waking up at home in the morning, going to school, taking classes at school, and disembarking home late in the dark. In addition, 10 quests are placed on each map to induce users' participation and activity. These quests are a daily activity for non-disabled people, but it is an activity to experience uncomfortable activity for visually impaired people. In order to verify the effect of 'Hear me later', 8 participants in their early teens to early 20s' perception of visually impaired people was measured through pre and post evaluation of VR contents experience. In order to verify the effect of'Hear me later', 8 participants in their early teens to early 20s' perception of visually impaired people was measured through pre-post evaluation of VR experiences. As a result, it was found that in the post-evaluation of VR contents experience, the perception of the visually impaired was increased by 30% compared to the pre-evaluation. In particular, misunderstandings and changes in prejudice toward the visually impaired were remarkable. Through this study, the possibility of a VR-based disability experience education program that can freely construct space-time and maximize the experience was verified. In addition, it laid the foundation to expand it to various fields of improvement of the disabled. 본 연구는 기존에 진행되던 시각 장애 인식 개선에 대한 교육 방식의 개선을 위해 VR을 기반으로 시각장애인의 시선과 환경에서 체험을 진행할 수 있는 ‘Hear me later’ VR 콘텐츠를 설계 및 구현하였다. 중고등학생부터 20대 청년까지 타겟의 범위로 하여 비장애인들에게 평범한 일상과 활동이 시각 장애인에게 어느 정도의 불편함을 주는 일상인지를 체험하고 이해할 수 있도록 하기 위해 다음과 같이 콘텐츠를 구성하였다. 한 학생이 아침에 집에서 기상 하여 학교에 등교하고, 학교에서 수업을 들은 후, 어두워진 늦은 시간에 집으로 하교하는 흐름으로 각 맵에서는 일상적인 활동이지만, 시각장애인들에게 불편한 활동인 10가지의 퀘스트를 배치하여 사용자들의 참여와 활동을 유도 하였다. ‘Hear me later’의 효과를 검증하기 위해 10대~20대 초반 8명의 실험 참가자들을 대상으로 시각장애인에 대한 인식을 체험의 사전 사후 평가를 통해 측정하였다. 그 결과, VR 체험 사후 평가에서 사전 평가에 비해 시각장 애인에 대한 인식이 30% 상승하는 결과가 도출 되었다. 특히, 시각장애인에 대한 오해와 편견 부분의 변화가 두드 러졌다. 본 연구를 통해, 시공간의 구축이 자유롭고 체험을 극대화할 수 있는 VR기반의 장애 체험 교육 프로그램의 가능성을 검증 하였고, 이를 다양한 분야로 확대할 수 있는 기반을 마련하였다.

Management of Ventilatory Insufficiency in Neuromuscular Patients Using Mechanical Ventilator Supported by the Korean Government

강성웅,최원아,조한얼,이장우,박중현 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.6

Since 2001, financial support has been provided for all patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) who require ventilatory support due to the paralysis of respiratory muscles in Korea. The purpose of this study was to identify ventilator usage status and appropriateness in these patients. We included 992 subjects with rare and incurable NMD registered for ventilator rental fee support. From 21 February 2011 to 17 January 2013, ventilator usage information, regular follow-up observation, and symptoms of chronic hypoventilation were surveyed by phone. Home visits were conducted for patients judged by an expert medical team to require medical examination. Abnormal ventilatory status was assessed by respiratory evaluation. Chronic respiratory insufficiency symptoms were reported by 169 of 992 subjects (17%), while 565 subjects (57%) did not receive regular respiratory evaluation. Ventilatory status was abnormal in 102 of 343 home-visit subjects (29.7%). Although 556 subjects (56%) reported 24-hour ventilator use, only 458 (46%) had an oxygen saturation monitoring device, and 305 (31%) performed an airstacking exercise. A management system that integrates ventilator usage monitoring, counselling and advice, and home visits for patients who receive ventilator support could improve the efficiency of the ventilator support project.