노사학파 심포(心圃) 문형(文炯)의 학술 관계망

조우진 ( Cho Woo-jin ) 전남대학교 호남학연구원 2023 호남학 Vol.- No.74

본 논문은 노사학파 재전문인 심포(心圃) 문형(文炯)의 학술 관계망을 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 문형은 전남 화순 청풍면 출신으로 개항기와 일제강점기를 걸쳐 살았던 성리학자이다. 어려서는 민우식(閔佑植)에게 13년 동안 유학을 배웠으며, 민우식이 죽기 직전 정의림(鄭義林)을 찾아가 9년 동안 기정진(奇正鎭)의 이론을 수학하였다. 정의림이 죽자, 『노사집(蘆沙集)』을 스승으로 삼아 노사학의 정수를 확인하였다. 문형은 영ㆍ호남의 노사학파와 화서학파의 재전문인 뿐만 아니라 영남의 한주 학파의 재전문인 및 당대 최고의 문장가 등과 교류를 확대하면서 학문적 유대와 사상적 통합을 이루고자 했다. 이것이 바로 지역과 사상을 횡단하는 문형의 학술 관계망의 특징이다. 특히 문형은 자신의 호를 ‘심포(心圃)’라고 했던 것처럼 성리학의 핵심 개념인 심(心)을 바탕으로 자신의 철학 체계를 완성하였다. 그는 화서학파 김평묵(金平默) ㆍ최익현(崔益鉉)의 문인들과 교유하면서 이항로(李恒老)의 심주리(心主理)에 대한 견해를 적극적으로 옹호하였으며, 한주학파 곽종석(郭鍾錫)의 문인들과 소통하면서 이진상(李震相)의 심즉리(心卽理)를 비판적으로 수용하였다. 더불어 문형은 리(理) 중심의 사유체계를 바탕으로 <성사심제변(性師心弟辨)>을 지어 간재(艮齋) 전우(田愚)가 심을 주기적(主氣的) 입장으로 보는 병폐를 지적하였다. 문형의 위상은 다양한 학파와 심을 중심으로 한 학술 관계망을 형성하여 당시의 성리학적 문제의식을 통합하고자 했다는 점이고, 그의 역할은 화순 노사 학맥을 이어 확산을 주도했을 뿐만 아니라, 화순 노사학파의 중심에 서 있었다는 점이다. 문형은 정주학을 토대로 노사학을 전수하여 화순 근현대 유학을 정립하는 데 중추적인 역할을 하였으며, 미래지향적 지역학으로써 화순학(和順學)을 수립할 수 있는 학술적 기반을 제공하였다. This paper aims to explore the academic network of Shimpo[心圃] MunHyeong(文炯, 1882-1936), a redeliver disciple[再傳門人] of Nosa School[蘆沙學派]. MunHyeong is a Neo-Confucian scholar who was born in Cheongpung-myeon[淸風面], Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, and lived during the opening period and Japanese colonial era. When young, he learned to study Neo-Confucianism from MinWoosik[閔佑植] for 13 years, and just before Min Woo-sik died, he visited JungEuirim[鄭義林] and studied KiJeongjin[奇正鎭]’s theory for 9 years. When JungEuirim died, he confirmed the essence of Nosahak[蘆沙學] regarding 『Nosajip[蘆沙集]』 as his teacher. MunHyeong sought to achieve academic ties and ideological integration by expanding exchanges with not only redeliver disciples[再傳門人] of Nosa School[蘆沙學派] and Hwaseo School[華西學派] in YeongnamㆍHonam but also redeliver disciples[再傳門人] of the Hanju School[寒洲學派] and Good writers[文章家] of the time. This is the characteristic of academic network of MunHyeong that crosses regions and ideas. In particular, MunHyeong completed his philosophical system based on the core concept Shim[心] of Neo-Confucianism, as he called his pen name ‘Shimpo’. He actively advocated IHanglao [李恒老]’s view of Shimjuli[心主理] while interacting with the writers of the Hwaseo School of KimPyeongmuk[金平默] and ChoeIckhyun[崔益鉉], and critically accepted IJinsang[李震相]’s Shimjeukli[心卽理] while communicating with the writers of KwakJongseok[郭鍾錫] of the Hanju School. In addition, Moon Hyung wrote < Seongsashimjebyeon[性師心弟辨] > based on the Li[理]-centered thinking system and pointed out the problem of Ganje[艮齋] JeonWoo[田愚]'s view of Shim[心] as Jugi[主氣] position. MunHyeong's status was to form an academic network centered on various schools and Shim and to integrate the Neo-Confucian problem consciousness of the time, and his role was not only to lead the spread of Hwasun Nosahakmaek, but also to be at the center of Hwasun Nosa School. MunHyeong played a pivotal role in establishing modern and contemporary Hwasun Confucianism by transferring Nosahak based on ChéngZhūxué[程朱學], and provided an academic foundation for establishing Hwasunhak[和順學] as a future-oriented regional studies.

파킨슨씨병 환자에서 편측 담창구파괴술의 효과

조우진,이경진,지철,박성찬,박해관,조정기,조경근,나형균,강준기,최창락,Cho, Woo Jin,Lee, Kyung Jin,Ji, Cheul,Park, Sung Chan,Park, Hea Kwan,Jo, Jung Ki,Cho, Kyung Keun,Rha, Hyung Kyun,Kang, Joon Ki,Choi, Chang Rak 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.8

Objectives : For Parkinsonian patients who had not reacted favorably on drug therapy are good candidate for ventroposterolateral pallidotomy, although not curative. We studied these patients after unilateral pallidotomy, to confirm the effectiveness and safety of this procedure. Methods : We evaluated the 17 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's diesease who had undergone unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy. All patients responded to levodopa initially. Mean age was 55 years(38-75years), and mean duration of disease was 9.8 years(3-20years). Pre-and postoperative evaluation at 3 month intervals included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scale(UPDRS) scoring, Hoehn and Yahr(H & Y) staging, and neuropsychological examinations. Results : Pallidotomy significantly improved parkinsonian symptom(tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, sensory symptom). Nine of 10 patients who showed dyskinesia preoperatively significant improvement. The mean dose of levodopa in 9 patients was lowered. The mean H & Y score and UPDRS score were improved in on and/or off time in 15 patients. Among patients who were not improved, one patient worsened, and the others showed no change. The mean overall UPDRS off score changed from 76 preoperatively to 44(33%) at 6 months and from 70 to 52(25%) at 1 year. Transient surgical morbidity was showen in four patients and included dysarthria, hypotonia and confusion. Conclusion : We conclude that pallidotomy is safe and effective in patients who have levodopa-reponsive parkinsonism with severe symptom fluctuation. Unilateral pallidotomy also considered helpful to ipsilateral symptom. Unilateral pallidotomy can improve all of parkinsonian's symptom and allow to reduce the levodopa medication. Most of patients show satisfactory results.

실험관 및 생체내에서 U-87 교모세포종 세포주의 광역학 치료 효과에 대한 연구

조우진,조경근,지철,박성찬,박해관,강준기,최창락,Cho, Woo Jin,Cho, Kyung-Keun,Ji, Cheol,Park, Sung Chan,Park, Hea Kwan,Kang, Joon Ki,Choi, Chang Rak 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.5

Objective : The objective of this study was to determine the photodynamic therapeutic response of U-87 human glioma cell in vitro as well as in the nude rat xenograft model using photofrin as photosensitizer. Material and Method : U-87 cells were cultured on 96-well culture plates, photofrin(Quadralogic Technologies Inc., Vancouver, Canada) was added into the cell culture medium at concentration of $1{\mu}g/ml$, $2.5{\mu}g/ml$, $5{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$ and $20{\mu}g/ml$. 24 hour after drug treatment, cells were treated with optical(632nm) irradiation of $100mJ/cm^2$, $200mJ/cm^2$ and $400mJ/cm^2$. Photofrin(12.5mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to 28 nude rats containing intracerebral U-87 human glioma as well as 26 normal nude rats. 48 hours after administration, animals were treated with optical irradiation(632nm) of $35J/cm^2$, $140J/cm^2$ and $280J/cm^2$ to exposed tumor and normal brain. The photofrin concentration was measured in tumor and normal brain in a separate population of animals. Results : By MTT assay, there was 100% cytotoxicity at any dose of photofrin with optical irradiation of $200mJ/cm^2$ and $400mJ/cm^2$. But at the optical irradiation of $100mJ/cm^2$ cells were killed in dose dependent manner 28.5%, 49.1%, 54.4%, 78.2%, and 84.6% at concentration of $1{\mu}g/ml$, $2.5{\mu}g/ml$, $5{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$ and $20{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Dose dependent PDT lesions in both tumor and normal brain were observed. In the tumor lesion, only superficial tissue damage was found with optical irradiation of $35J/cm^2$. However, in the optical irradiation group of $140J/cm^2$ and $280J/cm^2$ the volume of lesions was measured of $7.2mm^3$ and $14.0mm^3$ for treatment at $140J/cm^2$ and $280J/cm^2$, respectively. The U-87 bearing rats showed a photofrin concentration in tumor tissue of $6.53{\pm}2.16{\mu}g/g$, 23 times higher than that found in the contralateral hemisphere of $0.28{\pm}0.15{\mu}g/g$. Conclusion : Our data indicate that the U-87 human glioma in vitro and in the xenografted rats is responsive to PDT. At these doses, a reproducible injury can be delivered to human glioma in this model. Strategies to spare the normal brain collateral damage are being studied.

횡단유동으로 분사하는 이유체노즐의 기체-액체비에 따른 분무특성

조우진(Woo-jin Cho),이인철(In-chul Lee),이봉수(Bong-su Lee),이효원(Hyo-Won Lee),구자예(Ja-Ye Koo) 한국추진공학회 2007 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.11

SMA 앵커볼트를 적용한 Castellated 합성기둥의 내진성능

조우진(Cho, Woo Jin),김주우(Kim, Joo Woo) 한국강구조학회 2023 한국강구조학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.34 No.6

별 불가사리(Asterina pectinifera) 및 아므르 불가사리 (Asterias amurensis)추출물의 항균, 항산화 활성 및 미백 효과

조우진 ( Woo Jin Cho ),이현화 ( Hyun Hwa Lee ),정연정 ( Yeon Jung Jung ),김훈 ( Hun Kim ),정은정 ( Eun Jeong Jeong ),박시향 ( Sihyang Park ),임치원 ( Chi Won Lim ),차용준 ( Yong Jun Cha ) 한국수산과학회 2015 한국수산과학회지 Vol.48 No.4

This study examined the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of bioactive compounds extracted from two starfish, Asterina pectinifera and Asterias amurensis, using solvent extraction after Protamex™ hydrolysis. Methanol and acetone fractions collected by stepwise extraction from specimens were subjected to silica gel column chromatography (SGCC) (200 mesh and 400 mesh), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two fractions (7:3 and 5:5 chloroform : methanol ratio, v/v) eluted using silica gel column chromatography from the two starfishes showed higher antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and dermatophyte fungi (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton ferrugineum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum), antioxidant activity (EDA50, mg/mL), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to the other fractions. The final fractions obtained from Asterina pectinifera (RT 7.53, 8.93, and 10.48 min) and Asterias amurensis (RT 5.02 min) by SGCC (400 mesh) and HPLC from two SGCC fractions (200 mesh) showed 8.94 and 15.59 mg/mL antioxidant activity (EDA50) and 46.89 and 40.19 % tyrosinase inhibitory activity, respectively. Extracts from starfishes are potential cosmetic basic material.

주위유동 상태에서 연료 액체 미립화의 거시적 특성

조우진(Woo-Jin Cho),이인철(In-Chul Lee),김종현(Jong-Hyun Kim),구자예(Ja-Ye Koo) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The breakup processes and spray characteristics of liquid jets injected in subsonic air crossflows were experimentally studied. The behaviors of column, penetration and breakup of plain liquid jet in non-swirling cross-flow of air have been studied. Nozzle has a 1.0 ㎜ diameter and L/D ratio=5. Experimental results indicate that the breakup point is delayed by increasing air momentum ratio, the penetration decreases by increasing Weber number and the split angle is increased by increasing air velocity or decreasing injection velocity.

독일 생태단지의 특성 분석

조우진(Cho, Woo-Jin),김현수(Kim, Hyun-Soo),이태구(Lee, Tae-Goo) 한국생태환경건축학회 2021 한국생태환경건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.21 No.1

현장실험 및 시뮬레이션을 이용한 이중개폐창호의 냉방에너지소비특성 평가

조우진(Woo-jin Cho),손장열(Jang-yeul Sohn) 한국생활환경학회 2010 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The window system, which supplies the fresh outdoor air into the space and couples the indoor with the outdoor, is one of the sophisticated parts in buildings. It causes the unwanted heat gain in the summer and heat loss in the winter. This study focused on the double vent window system, which employs the double pane window in the living room for the prevention of the increased energy consumption due to the expansion of the balcony. The thermal insulation performance was quantitatively evaluated using Therm 6.1 and Window 6.1 simulation tools, and the on-site measurement of the cooling energy consumption characteristics was carried out in this study. In addition, the annual cooling energy consumption is computed using the building energy simulation software ESP-r to provide the basic data for the popularization of the system.

야은(野隱) 박정규(朴廷奎)의 삶과 도설(圖說)로 보는 가정교육

조우진 ( Cho Woo-jin ) 전남대학교 호남학연구원 2021 호남학 Vol.- No.70

야은(野隱) 박정규(朴廷奎, 1829∼1898)는 구한말 호남 담양(潭陽)의 유학자이며, 노사(蘆沙) 기정진(奇正鎭, 1798∼1879)의 직전 제자이다. 본 논문의 목적은 박정규의 안빈낙도(安貧樂道)의 삶과 그의 가정교육을 살피는 데 있다. 박정규는 초야에 은둔하여 산천을 유람하면서도 스승 노사를 비롯한 당시 지식인들과 인적 관계망을 형성하였다. 그런데 그는 후학양성보다는 인(仁)을 실천하는 근본인 ‘효제(孝悌)’를 중심으로 가정교육을 중시하였다. 노사를 비롯한 그의 문인들은 대부분 율곡(栗谷) 이이(李珥, 1536∼1584)의 『격몽요결(擊蒙要訣)』을 초학자의 수양서 정도로 보았지만, 그것을 특히 강조한 사람이 바로 박정규이다. 박정규는 『격몽요결』의 내용을 요약한 <약선율옹요결십조면아자(約選栗翁要訣十條勉兒子)>를 저술하여 자손들에게 힘쓰도록 가르쳤다. 그는 노사학파 문인들 가운데 유일하게 『격몽요결』을 심신수양(心身修養)의 핵심으로 삼아 <지신도설(持身圖說)>과 <완심도설(玩心圖說)>을 완성한 사람이다. <지신도설>은 중화(中和)·중용(中庸)의 개념과 『격몽요결』의 <지신장(持身章)> 내용을 중심으로 만든 몸가짐에 대한 이론이며, <완심도설>은 인심(人心)·도심(道心)을 오환(五患)과 오선(五善)으로 구분한 마음가짐에 대한 이론이다. 박정규의 위상은 가난한 삶 속에서도 공맹(孔孟)의 도학(道學)과 정주(程朱)의 이학(理學)을 학문의 축으로 여기고, 율곡(栗谷)과 노사(蘆沙)의 사유체계를 바탕으로 몸과 마음을 수양하는 독창적인 도설(圖說)을 제작하여 실천했을 뿐만 아니라 가정교육의 단상을 보여주었다는 점에 있다. Yaeun(野隱) ParkJeonggyu(朴廷奎, 1829∼1898) was a Confucian scholar in Damyang of Honam at the late of the Joseon Dynasty, and a disciple of Nosa(蘆沙) KiJeongjin(奇正鎭, 1798∼1879). The purpose of this paper is to examine life of anbinrakdo(安貧樂道) of ParkJeonggyu and his home education. ParkJeonggyu traveled around the homeland in seclusion in the countryside, but he also formed a network of personal relations with his teacher Nosa and intellectuals at the time. However, he put more importance on home education centered on ‘xiaoti(孝悌)’, which is the basis for practicing ren(仁) rather than nurturing the next generation. Most scholars including Nosa viewed Yulgok(栗谷) Yiyi(李珥, 1536∼1584)’s 『Gyeokmongyogyeol(擊蒙要訣)』 as a training book for beginners. But it was ParkJeonggyu who particularly emphasized it. ParkJeonggyu wrote < Yakseonyulongyogyeolsipjomyeonaja(約選栗翁要訣十條勉兒子) > which summarizes the contents of 『Gyeokmongyogyeol』, and taught his descendants to practice the content. He is the only person in the Nosa school to complete < Jisindoseol(持身圖說) > and < Wansimdoseol(玩心圖說) > with 『Gyeokmongyogyeol』 as the core of xīnshēnxiūyǎng(心身修養). < Jisindoseol > is a theory about body posture written around the concept of zhōnghe(中和)·zhōngyōng(中庸) and the contents of < Jisinjang(持身章) >. < Wansimdoseol > is a theory about the mindset that divides renxīn(人心)·daoxīn(道心) into wǔhuan(五患)·wǔshan(五善). ParkJeonggyu's status is viewed in three ways. First, he regarded kŏngmeng(孔孟)‘s daoxue(道學) and ChengZhū(程朱)’s lǐxue(理學) as the axes of his studies. Second, he produced and practiced unusual tushuō(圖說) that cultivate the body and mind based on Yulgok and Nosa’s thinking system. Three, he showed an aspect of home education.