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Validation of a Korean Version of the Insomnia Severity Index
조용원,Mei Ling Song,Charles M. Morin 대한신경과학회 2014 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.10 No.3
Background and Purpose The purposes of this study were to standardize and validate aKorean version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-K), and to evaluate its clinical usefulness. Methods We translated the ISI into Korean and then translated it back into English to checkits accuracy. The 614 patients with sleep disorders who were enrolled in this study comprised 169with primary insomnia, 133 with comorbid insomnia, and 312 with obstructive sleep apnea. Allsubjects underwent one night of polysomnography (PSG) and completed the Korean versionsof both the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-K) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, as wellas the ISI-K. The ISI-K was compared to these sleep scales and various PSG sleep parameters. Results The internal consistency the ISI-K total score was confirmed by a Cronbach’s alphaof 0.92, and the item-to-total-score correlations (item-total correlations) ranged from 0.65 to0.84, suggesting adequate reliability. The correlation between the ISI-K total score and PSQI-Kwas 0.84, which suggested adequate convergent validity. Low-to-moderate correlations wereobtained between the ISI-K total score and PSG-defined sleep parameters: 0.22 for sleep onsetlatency, 0.38 for wake after sleep onset, and 0.46 for sleep efficiency. A cutoff score of 15.5 onthe ISI-K was optimal for discriminating patients with insomnia. The test-retest scores over a4-week interval with 34 subjects yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.86, suggesting excellenttemporal stability. Conclusions The findings of this study show that the ISI-K is a reliable and valid instrument forassessing the severity of insomnia in a Korean population.
조용원 대한수면연구학회 2006 Journal of sleep medicine Vol.3 No.1
The regulations of sleep-wake cycle is complicated and many neurochemicals are involved. It is the consequence of an active process requiring appropriate interactions ofbrainstem and the cerebral system. The homeostatic drive and circadian factors are major controls in this regulation. The reticular activation system is a wake promoting area and the neurons in pons and preoptic areas are involved in non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep is a necessary behavior and it is, at least in part, a restorative process. Good sleep during the nightis important for a healthy condition during the day time. Understanding of these reciprocal sleep-wake interactions should be very important to better understand the effects of many drugs and many other sleep related diseases.
이산화탄소 포집, 수송 및 저장(CCS) 시설에 대한 승인유형에 관한 연구
조용원 국회입법조사처 2015 입법과 정책 Vol.7 No.2
The recently adopted CCS law in Germany provides the legal framework for the testing of technologies for capturing and storing carbon dioxide (English: Carbon dioxide capture and storage - CCS). In the CCS process, the carbon dioxide emitted by industry and coal power plants is to be deposited and stored in underground storage facilities for the interests of climate protection. The KSPG regulates each the approval procedure for transmission lines, for exploring possible storage facilities, the storage facilities itself and its decommissioning. For the immission control authorization procedures is especially important that the new construction of CO2 separation systems requires permission under column 1 of the Annex(The 4th BImSchV). When retrofitting an industrial plant with a CO2 capture plant, a modification permit is necessary pursuant to § 16 BImSchG. The article gives an overview and legal nature, which conditions are imposed on permits testing of CCS technology, and illuminates the approvals from the carbon dioxide storage in Korea. 1. Construction, operation and substantial change of a carbon dioxide capture system requires permission(Genehmigung). And for the closure of a carbon dioxide storage shall require permission. Provided that the conditions of permission are met, there is a legal entitlement to permission(Rechtsanspruch auf Erteilung der Genehmigung) (bound administrative act ; gebundener Verwaltungsakt). The Federal Pollution Act(Bundes-immissionsschutzgesetz) follows insofar as the regulatory model of preventive ban with permit reservation (praeventives Verbot mit Erlaubnisvorbehalt). 2. Construction, operation and substantial change of carbon dioxide lines require prior planning approval(Planfeststellung) by the competent authority. And the establishment, operation and substantial change of carbon dioxide storage requires the previous planning approval by the competent authority. 3. The investigation of the subsurface for its suitability for the construction of carbon dioxide storage must be permitted. Legal nature of the permission is Kozession. 독일 이산화탄소 저장법은 수송관, 후보저장소의 탐사, 저장소 자체와 그 폐쇄에 대하여 승인절차를 규정하고 있다. 이산화탄소 포집시설을 설치할 경우 제4차 연방임미시온방지명령에 의하여 허가가 필요하다. 본 논문은 독일 CCS 법의 다양한 승인유형들의 법적 성격을 조명함으로써 향후 우리나라의 입법에 시사하는 바를 도출하려고 한다. 첫째, 이산화탄소 포집시설 설치 및 저장소 폐쇄에 대해서는 통제허가가 바람직하다. 통제허가는 허가유보부 예방적 금지의 해제라는 성격이 강하다. 허가요건이 충족되면 허가발령청구권이 생긴다. 허가신청이 있으면 반드시 허가해 주어야 하는 기속적 행정행위의 성격을 갖는다. 둘째, 이산화탄소 수송관 및 저장소에 대해서는 계획확정이 타당하다. 이해관계인의 참여를 강화하기 위해서는 계획확정이 안성맞춤이다. 셋째, 이산화탄소 저장후보지에 대한 탐사의 경우 강학상 특허가 필요하다. 이산화탄소 저장소에 대해 계획확정을 신청할 대 우선적 권리를 줄 수 있는 장점을 갖고 있다.