사육사슴 및 야생고라니의 혈청학적 조사를 통한 질병실태에 관한 연구

조영숙 전북대학교 대학원 2009 국내박사

제1편 Since the emergence of deer farming as an alternative farming industry, there has been an increasing awareness of infectious diseases which commonly occur in cattle. Deer can be one of the susceptible animals for bovine infectious diseases and can play a role as a reservoir, which can cause economic loss in cattle livestock industry. Serum samples were randomly collected from 78 deer from 31 farms at Chonbuk province, and 7 wild water deer from Chonbuk wild animal treatment center during 2005 to 2007, respectively. Hematology was analyzed. The prevalence of antibody were tested for 3 bacterial, 4 viral, 5 arthropod-borne diseases and neosporosis, which are infectious diseases in ruminants. Serum antibodies were present against tuberculosis (5.1%) and paratuberculosis (1.3%) in farmed deers, but no serum was detected for brucellosis. Among bovine viral diseases, only bovine leukosis was detected in farmed deers. Two farmed sika (2.6%) had antibodies to enzootic bovine leukosis. Serologic results of FMD, IBR, and BVD agents were negative. The positive rates for Akabane, Aino and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) in the farmed deer were 80%, 62.2% and 55.6%, respectively, and those for Chuzan and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) in the same deer groups were 15.6% and 4.4%, respectively. However, the wild water deer similarly showd that higher detection for Akabane and EHD and low for BEF and Chuzan. Antibodies to Neospora caninum were detected in sera of farmed deer(17.9%), but no wild deer was positive. The seropositive reaction was detected all of the investigated area, ranged from 6.7 to 30.7%. On the basis of these results, deer is susceptible host for ruminant infectious diseases in housed indoor under intensive management system or a natural environment and these diseases may present a risk to other species, especially to domestic cattle. This is the first report for antibody seroprevalence of ruminant infectious disease for deer in Korea. 제2편 Serum samples collected from 78 deer from 31 farms at Chonbuk province and 7 wild water deer from Chonbuk wild animal treatment center during 2005 to 2007, respectively, were assayed for antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis, foot and mouth disease (FMD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis(IBR), and bovine viral diarrhea(BVD). Two serum antibodies were present against enzootic bovine leukosis(2.6%) for farmed sika deer. No serologic evidence of FMD, IBR, and BVD was found. On the basis of these limited results, farmed deer showed relatively low positive to viral disease which threaten to other ruminant species. But periodic observation and caution should be applied to farmed deer for prevention, detection, or infectious risk to other species. 제3편 Mosquito-borne diseases are primarily associated with reproductive disorders or acute febrile diseases in ruminants. Although mosquito-borne diseases have been generally reported in ruminants, no epidemiological studies in deer have been reported in Korea. Serum samples were randomly collected from 45 deer from 24 farms in Chonbuk province and 7 wild water deer from Chonbuk wild animal treatment center during 2005 to 2007, respectively, and were analyzed by virus neutralization assay (VNA). High antibody seroprevalence was 80.0% for Akabane, 62.2% for Aino, 55.6% for epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) in the farmed deer, respectively. And 15.6% for Chuzan and 4.4% for bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) were low positive in serum at same deers. Similarly, the seroprevalences in wild water deer were positive in 6 deer to Akabane, 4 deer to EHD in the wild deer, and those to Chuzan and BEF were positive in 1, and 2 wild deer, respectively. No Anio positive was observed. The positive rates for Akabane, EHD and Chuzan were similar in both farm and wild deer, but those for Aino and BEF showed different based on VNA in the between groups. The results indicate that farmed deer and wild water deer are susceptible hosts of arthropod-borne diseases in a natural environment. 제4편 Serum samples were randomly collected from 78 deer from 31 farms and 7 wild water deer from wild animal medical center during 2005 to 2007, respectively. A total 85 sera were tested for Neospora. canium antibodies by ELISA. Fourteen farmed deer (17.9%) were positive to N. canium but no antibodies were found in sera from wild water deer. The sera from all of the area for these study showed positive in the range from 6.7 to 30.7%. On the basis of these study, farmed deer in Chonbuk province were exposed extensively and seriously to N. canium which might present a risk to other species included cattle and dog.

어머니의 양육스트레스, 양육효능감, 양육행동과 유아의 자기조절능력간의 관련성탐색

조영숙 성균관대학교 2008 국내박사

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for preschool children's self regulation model and examine the effects of maternal parenting stress, maternal behavior, and maternal parenting efficacy on preschool children's self regulation. To achieve this purpose, this study established the following seven research hypotheses. First, maternal parenting stress is negatively related to preschool children's self-regulation. Second, the effect of maternal parenting stress is mediated by maternal parenting efficacy. Third, the effect of maternal parenting stress is mediated by maternal behavior. Fourth, the effect of maternal parenting stress is mediated by the two factors, maternal parenting efficacy and maternal behavior. Fifth, maternal parenting efficacy is positively related to preschool children's self-regulation. Sixth, the effect of maternal parenting efficacy is mediated by maternal behavior. Seventh, maternal behavior is positively related to preschool children's self-regulation. The subjects were 1539 mothers of 4- to 6- year-old preschool children attending kindergarten or child care centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi Province, Korea. Mothers were asked to rate the following four instruments on a 5 point Likert scale; The Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale(Cho & Lee, 2007), The Parenting Daily Hassles(Ahn, 2001), The Maternal Behavior Scale(Yoo, 1998), The Self-Regulation Scale(Lee, 2003). For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were applied to the survey results in the first phase and structural equation modeling(SEM) analysis in the second phase. The major results of this study were as follows: First, the result of the measurement model found that it was fit to the data and resulted in good fit indices. This means that the factor structure of measurement model is applicable for use with preschool children from 4 to 6 years of age and also had appropriate validity. Second, structural equation model was developed to examine the structural relationships among maternal parenting stress, maternal behavior, and maternal parenting efficacy on preschool children's self regulation. The final structural equation model was fit to the data and resulted in good fit indices. And also, the final structural equation model was tested separately for various groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics such as age and gender to see how appropriate the model was. The results supported the appropriateness of the final structural equation model. Third, the findings of interrelationship among variables show that maternal parenting stress is negatively related to preschool children's self-regulation, and the relationship is also explained by the two mediating factors, maternal parenting efficacy and maternal behavior. And maternal behavior is positively related to preschool children's self-regulation. However, maternal parenting efficacy has no direct effect on preschool children's self-regulation, and also has no mediating role in the relations of maternal parenting stress and preschool children's self-regulation. This result provides a counter evidence to earlier work that parents' appraisals of their ability to perform parenting tasks successfully have important consequences for children's behavior and development. In conclusion, maternal parenting stress and maternal behavior were most directly influential variables to preschool children's self-regulation. Moreover maternal parenting efficacy was indirectly meadiated through maternal behavior. 본 연구는 어머니의 양육관련 변인들과 유아의 자기조절이 어떠한 관련성을 보이는지 파악하고, 변인간의 관련성을 구조모형의 개발을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 실현하기 위하여 다음의 연구가설을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 첫째, 어머니의 양육스트레스는 유아의 자기조절에 부적인 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 어머니의 양육스트레스는 어머니의 양육효능감을 매개로 하여 유아의 자기조절에 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 어머니의 양육스트레스는 어머니의 양육행동을 매개로 하여 유아의 자기조절에 영향을 미친다. 넷째, 어머니의 양육스트레스는 어머니의 양육효능감과 어머니의 양육행동을 매개로 하여 유아의 자기조절에 영향을 미친다. 다섯째, 어머니의 양육효능감은 유아의 자기조절에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 여섯째, 어머니의 양육효능감은 어머니의 양육행동을 매개로 하여 유아의 자기조절에 영향을 미친다. 일곱째, 어머니의 양육행동은 유아의 자기조절에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 연구대상은 서울과 경기지역의 유치원과 어린이집에 재원중인 만4세∼6세 유아의 어머니 1539명이었다. 본 연구에 사용된 측정도구는 어머니의 양육효능감 척도(조영숙·이양희, 2007), 양육스트레스 척도(안지영, 2001), 양육행동 척도(유우영, 1998), 유아의 자기조절 척도(이정란, 2003)를 사용하였으며, 모두 5점 Likert식 평정척도로 구성되었다. 연구는 크게 2단계로 진행되었는데, 1단계에서는 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 통해 측정모델의 타당성을 살펴보았으며, 2단계에서는 구조방정식 분석을 통하여 유아의 자기조절 및 어머니의 양육관련 변인들간의 이론적 구조모형의 개발 및 교차타당화 검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 탐색적 요인분석 결과 밝혀진 요인구조를 확인적 요인분석결과를 통해 확인한 결과 양호한 합치도 지수를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 본 연구의 자료가 만 4세에서 6세 유아의 어머니에게 적용 가능할 뿐만 아니라 변인간의 이론적 모형을 개발하기 위하여 적절한 기준을 충족시킨다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 어머니의 양육관련 변인과 유아의 자기조절간의 포괄적인 이론적 관계를 검증하기 위해 이론적 구조모형을 개발하였다. 최종 구조모형은 자료에 적합한 함치도 지수를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 개발된 구조모형이 다양한 집단에 적용 가능한지를 알아보기 위하여 성별·연령별 특성에 따라 분석한 결과 양호한 합치도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 변인들간의 상호관련성을 검증한 결과 어머니의 양육스트레스는 유아의 자기조절과 부적인 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 어머니의 양육효능감과 양육행동을 매개로 하여 자기조절에 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 어머니의 양육행동역시 유아의 자기조절에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 양육효능감은 유아의 자기조절에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 어머니의 양육스트레스와 유아의 자기조절간의 관계에서 중재효과가 없는 것으로 평가되었다. 결론적으로, 어머니의 양육스트레스와 양육행동은 유아의 자기조절에 가장 직접적인 영향을 주는 변인이라 할 수 있다. 반면에 어머니의 양육효능감은 어머니의 양육 행동을 통해 간접적으로 유아의 자기조절에 영향을 주는 것으로 평가되었다.

지체장애인 사회교류기술 향상을 위한 음악치료 프로그램 연구 : 모듬북을 중심으로

조영숙 중앙대학교 국악교육대학원 2016 국내석사

본 연구는 지체장애를 가진 성인여성의 사회교류기술 향상을 위해 모듬북을 활용한 국악 동작치료 프로그램을 10차시에 걸쳐 시행하였다. 본 연구에서 프로그램 실시 여부에 따라 사회생활기술에 차이를 알아보기 위하여 사용한 사회생활 기술척도는 Trower, Bryand & Argyle(1978)의 사회생활 기술척도(Social Skills Scales)를 기반으로 한 것이다. 프로그램 실시 후에 사회생활기술 부적절성의 사전-사후 측정 결과 전체적으로 사전검사(45.75)보다 사후검사(41.00)가 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 모듬북을 활용한 음악치료 프로그램이이 사회생활기술의 부적절성을 감소시키는데 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과분석에 따른 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회생활기술 향상을 위한 모듬북/동작치료의 단계적 제시는 음악활동과 관련한 많은 영역에서 효과적이다. 쉽고 단순한 내용으로 시작하는 모듬북 가락치기 학습은 대다수의 대상자가 모듬북 연주가 처음임에 불구하고 매 단계마다 특별한 어려움이 없이 진행되었다. 둘째, 모듬북/동작의 영역별 향상의 정도는 연주가능, 사회, 운동, 인지, 언어의 순으로 나타났다. 프로그램 실시 전후 사회생활기술 점수는 호전된 모습을 보였다. 셋째, 모듬북 연주는 지체장애인이 국악장단을 이해하고 연주기능을 습득하여 사회생활기술의 향상을 도모하는데 유용한 교육활동이다. 모듬북이 다른 악기에 비해서 단순한 동작으로 가죽을 울리는 좋은 소리를 얻을 수 있고, 다양한 신체 동작으로 재미있는 연주활동이 가능하기 때문일 것이다. 넷째, 모듬북 음악치료는 여성 지체장애인 대상자별로 사회교류 부적절성 점수가 높은 그룹이 큰 변화를 가져왔고, 점수가 낮은 그룹은 큰 변화가 없었다. 따라서 모듬북을 활용한 음악치료프로그램은 사회교류 부적절성 점수가 높은 대상자에게 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 지체장애 성인여성을 대상으로 단기간의 모듬북/동작치료 프로그램을 진행하여 얻어진 결론이므로 다양한 특성과 전 연령층을 포함한 모든 지체장애인들에게 적용하거나 일반화하기는 어렵다. 그러나 지체장애인들에게 사회생활기술의 향상이라는 목적 아래 교사들이 프로그램을 계획하는데 고려해야할 기본 요소는 무엇이며 프로그램에 대한 여러 가지 아이디어를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study carried out 10 sessions of a Korean music movement therapy program using modeumbuk in order to improve physically disabled adult women’s social exchange skills. In order to look into the effects of this study’s program on the improvement of social skills, The Social Skills Scales developed by Trower, Bryand & Argyle (1978) were used. Regarding the score of impropriety of social skills before and after carrying out the program, the score of post-test (41.00) was lower than that of pre-test (45.75) in general. Therefore, the modeumbuk-utilized music therapy program seems to be effective in the decrease of impropriety of social skills. Based on study findings, this study can be summarized as follows: First, the stepwise carrying out of modeumbuk/movement therapy to improve social skills was effective in a variety of music activity-related areas. Beginning with easy and simple contents, learning of every step of modeumbuk garak play was conveniently carried out by most of study subjects without special hardships, although they played modeumbuk for the first time. Second, as for the degree of improvement of modeumbuk/ movement by areas, the area of playing possibility was highest and it was followed by the areas of society, physical exercise, cognition and language in order. The score of social skills after carrying out the program presented improvement. Third, the play of modeumbuk was a useful activity of education for physically disabled persons to understand the jangdan of Korean music and learn the technique of play, thus, finally improving their social skills. Comparing with other musical instruments, modeumbuk can produce better sound by means of simply hitting the leather surface of buk and make its player carry out pleasurable play activities with various physical movements. Fourth, modeumbuk music therapy presented greater change in the group of women whose score of impropriety of social exchange was higher, whereas the group of women whose score of impropriety of social exchange was lower presented no greater change. In this vein, the modeumbuk-utilized music therapy seems to be effective in the disabled persons whose score of impropriety of social exchange is high. Since study findings were derived from the short-term carrying out of the modeumbuk music therapy program with the subjects of physically disabled adult women, its generalization or application to all the disabled persons in all the age groups with diverse disabilities seems to be problematic. However, study findings are expected to provide basic elements and various ideas to teachers who are planning a program for the improvement of physically disabled person’s social skills.

中學校의 體育 活動에 關한 意識 調査 硏究

조영숙 東國大學校 敎育大學院 1992 국내석사

자궁경부의 편평상피성 종양에서 HPV 검출을 위한 PCR과 in situ PCR법

조영숙 부경대학교 2000 국내석사

학교 중도탈락 현상 발생 요인에 관한 연구

조영숙 동국대학교 행정대학원 2007 국내석사

A phenomenon of juveniles' dropping out of school, and deviating from regular curriculum increases. The causes of such a phenomenon are diverse ranging from dropping out of school, due to family circumstances, delinquency, or disease in the past, and to dropping out of school, because of studying abroad at early stages, or aiming at improving school records. However, most students select dropping out of school, because they cannot adapt to the current school system, or surrounding circumstances, such as violences at school or being left out in the cold. As the causes of dropping out of school are various, the images of the juveniles are exposed diversely. That is, there are juveniles who enter a school of higher grade, learn specialized skills, get a job, come back to school, wander about not adapting to society, and are left out, although they wish to come back to school. The purpose of this study is to identify how the phenomenon of dropping out of school is demonstrated, and to compare and analyze the factors to cause the phenomenon by factor so as to prevent the juveniles' indifferent dropping of out school, and to support the establishment of measures supplementing social supporting system, after their dropping out of school. Towards this end, this study tries to define what dropping out of school is, and to identify factors to cause such a phenomenon, features of each factor, major contents of the existing preceding studies, and differences between the past and recent dropping out of school. A questionnaire survey was carried out to find out general features of the causes of dropping out of school, and the characteristics by each factor. The survey results are summarized below: For age distribution among the general features of the survey target, juveniles from the age 17 to 19 accounted for 63.2%, and technical high school accounted for the highest ratio with 37.7% for distribution ratio by school type at the time of juveniles' dropping out of school. While juveniles' dropping out of school ratio was high in the case of single parent in the past, but the dropping out of school ratio of juveniles with both parents is high nowadays. And, juveniles chose their parents as an advisor, when they decided dropping out of school. Concerning whether surrounding people dropped out of school, the ratio of friends was remarkably higher than family or relatives, which implies that the influences of friends are higher to the juveniles nowadays. As a result of the survey of the most necessary facilities or institutions after being dropped out of school, it was found that the ratios of people and institutions that can advise for an opportunity or career path to develop juvenile's interest were high, not the ratio of facilities or institutions to continue to study. As a result of an analysis by personal factor, peer group factor, family factor, school factor, and social factor with classification of gender, age, and school type among the general features, clear differences by gender, age, and school type were not found regarding the personal, family, and social factors. However, differences by age, and school type were found in the peer group factor, and clear differences by school type were found in the school factor. In conclusion, it may be most needed and effective to identify the causes of dropping out of school, focusing on the peer group and to devise countermeasures, rather than to find the causes of juveniles' dropping out of school from other external factors. Differences by school type in the school factor imply that measures to prevent juveniles' dropping out of school should be devised and applied in line with the characteristics of school type in consideration of specialized attributes and characteristics of each school type.

沙溪 金長生의 禮學思想 硏究 : 『家禮輯覽』「昏禮篇」을 중심으로

조영숙 成均館大學校 大學院 2004 국내석사

This thesis is written to study the "Propriety Thought" of Jang-Saeng Kim(1548￣1631), one of the most famous scholars in the area of Korean propriety. It reviews the basis of the thought contained in the formalities related to the propriety describedin the "Wedding Ceremony" section of the "Garhe-Gypram", one of the most famous books written by Jang-Saeng Kim. The main reason why "Garhe-Gypram" was chosen as the object of the study is because Jang-Saeng Kim has established the framework of numerous theories related to the Korean propriety and also made great impact in the field. Therefore, studying his "Propriety Thought" is like making a shortcut to understand the profound meaning of Korean propriety ceremonies. "Garhe-Gypram" was particularly chosen among many propriety books written by Jang-Saeng Kim because in "Garhe-Gypram" he analyzed Korean propriety based on Confucianism theory. In addition to revealing the basis of the thought related to the propriety process, it also presents the theoretical framework that can make one closely feel the propriety thought by going through the process of performing the propriety steps. At the time, this framework became a yardstick for consciously performing the propriety steps, as it revived the meaning of the thought. Therefore, a thorough analysis on "Garhe-Gypram" has important value if one intends to make a study on the basis of the propriety thought and detailed steps of performing the propriety, as this thesis seeks. For this purpose, this thesis reviewed the characteristics of religiousness versus morality, unchangeability versus changeability and inheritance of family tradition versus social realization of morality. First, religious characteristics of the wedding ceremony can be observed from the traditional reporting ceremony to ancestors of the marriage held in the place where spirits of ancestors are gathered. This act is an important process of the wedding ceremony and implies the religiousness of holding a ceremony to pray to the god as well as to the ancestors. Showing respect to propriety is the same as respecting the god. As the belief, that the fundamentals of propriety lie in god, has developed into humanism by the Confucius, people started to realize that fundamentals of propriety lie not only in god but also in self-awareness or in judgement of value. Humanism is based on benignancy, faith and propriety. Propriety is acting with benignancy and faith. In other words, wedding ceremony contains the sacred nature of religion that serves the god and ancestors. At the same time, the righteousness of god is contained in the mind of human and it forms the core of human ethics. The second topic of this study is on the issue of unchangeability versus changeability. Jang-Saeng Kim conducted a comparative study of past propriety thoughts in order to establish the propriety thought that is most suited for at the times. This can be defined as the most typical assertion of Jang-Saeng Kim on the issue of unchangeability versus changeability. The fundamental principle of propriety is the righteousness of the god, and all the ceremonies related to propriety are forms of the acts that humans perform based on the righteousness of the god. Therefore, wedding ceremony is a process of announcing the marriage, that contains the meanings of both the unchangeability of performing the righteousness of the god and the changeability of ceremonial processes. The third topic is on the inheritance of family tradition through marriage and on the social realization of morality. Through marriage, the order of family is established and consequently becomes ground stones of a family tradition. Eventually this family tradition develops the order of the whole society. Respect for the family and ancestors will make one to respect his or her own family tree, and it will eventually evolve into the love for the country and other people. In addition, marriage contains the spirit of benignancy of truly respecting life as life is extended through marriage in the form of succession of generation. In conclusion, marriage starts from the order and peace on a personal level and expands into a level of the whole mankind, meaning that morality is realized throughout the society by means of marriage. The objective of this thesis is to present the theoretical grounds of Jang-Saeng Kim's assertion on the changeability of propriety thought by linking traditional wedding ceremony of Korea to changes of the times in the modern society.

『東醫寶鑑』 修養論의 哲學的 根據와 方法論 硏究

조영숙 성균관대학교 일반대학원 2012 국내박사

<中文摘要> 關於《東醫寶鑑》修養論的哲學根據和方法論的硏究 曹 英 淑 成均館大學校 東洋哲學科 《東醫寶鑑》的修養論以宇宙和人類是有機關係的思惟爲基礎,這種邏輯作爲東洋醫學的基本原理發生作用。修養論以人和宇宙相互關聯的思惟爲基礎,其前題是通過修養恢復宇宙本體。認爲宇宙和人類是有機關係的天人相應的思惟,通過人的身體這一具體事物來提供驗證實證意義的機會,相反又通過體現在人體中的原理來類推與人體相應的宇宙本體論的根據。 《東醫寶鑑》引用從漢代到16世紀末近2000年來無數的書籍而設立其自身的理論。《東醫寶鑑》有機地綜合了隨着時代而變化的理論。然而作爲其根幹,卽人和宇宙是相互關聯的天人相通的邏輯是不變的。人和宇宙是相互關聯的思惟基礎不是將人的精神和肉體分離看待的,所以內在着一種認爲心理和生理具有密切的相互關係的邏輯,把通過修行實現身心合一的修養論作爲前題。 正如許浚在《集例》中所表明的,《東醫寶鑑》是以道家修養爲根本的醫學書。道家修養追求“明”,“明”是知道返回根本之道。筆者通過對神明和精明的探索來硏究修養論。知道返回根本之道是修養論的基本原理。 道家修養的原理在於發現隱藏在小宇宙的人類身體的秩序中的大宇宙的秩序。因此,宇宙本體論和人間論就成爲修養論的哲學根據。宇宙本體論接受了隨着時代的變化,卽從漢代的氣論到魏晉南北朝的神論以及宋代的心論等等。包含了各時代宇宙本體論的代表性引用書籍有漢代的《黃帝內經》和《易緯ㆍ乾鑿度》,魏晉南北朝的《黃庭經》,宋代陳顯微的《周易參同契解》和兪琰的《易外別傳》,明代整理的《金丹正理大全》等。 人間論以對《內景篇》“身形”中先後天的理解爲基礎,通過先後天論和精氣神論以及三丹田的功能進行探討。《東醫寶鑑》中先天槪念的區分具有雙重結構。一是天形的先天,卽宇宙的鴻&#28635;和混淪;二是神形的先天,卽天地父母的精氣。人結胎的一瞬間是天地間太和之氣妙合的時期,是寂然不動之心。寂然不動之心正是太極,是先天的神心。人身體的三丹田成爲連接先天和後天的門戶,是陰陽和精、氣、神發生變化的地方。道家思想和醫家思想的共同点是在自然和人類相通的關係中追求“生”,在精、氣、神的槪念中內在着心的意義。 修養論在引用書籍中重點考察了《黃帝內經》和《黃庭經》還有《參同契》的內容。這是因爲考察引用書籍的結果,對於《東醫寶鑑》理論體係的形成影響最大的是《黃帝內經》,引用的道敎書集中在《黃庭經》和《參同契》。 《東醫寶鑑》提出了綜合醫家的陰陽五行論和道家的精氣神論發展而成的理論。《黃庭經》和《參同契》的修養法中也內在着陰陽五行和精氣神的原理。《黃庭經》不是通過易和數來求道,而是通過立象、存思和守一的方法求道。《參同契》則是以易和數的邏輯求道的修養書。 《黃帝內經》“養神”修養法的要點在於安定和補養神,使神充分展現出來的神明之修養。這與《黃庭經》存思神而不讓神從身體中脫離的修養理論具有一脈相通的部分。《黃庭經》的修養論貫串着一種用存思、守一的方法鍛練神的心修養。《參同契》“內丹”修養的要點也可以用以靜制動的修養論的構造來討論心的層面。 《東醫寶鑑》的修養論貫串於有關心的構造,可以看出《東醫寶鑑》將身體治療的基礎放在了心修養之上。因爲心修養的前題是後天的身體恢復作爲先天本體的心,所以心作爲宇宙本體具有與道相同的地位。本硏究中,心不是治療的對象,而是由於被修養的心成爲治療和豫防疾病的主體。更加理想的是,由於心的修養期待得到先天的宇宙生命,不將人的生命寄託於天命,希望具有起死回生的能力。 綜上,《東醫寶鑑》修養論一貫的邏輯是不將人的心和身體分離看待的天人相通的邏輯。現代醫學的根基是近代西洋思想中將身體和心分離看待的邏輯。以身體爲中心的思想在疾病治療上取得了劃時代的發展,對於傳染病的根除也作出了巨大的貢獻。僅管如此,對於疾病幷沒有做到根本性的治療。引發疾病的各種病毒和其變種的個體通過基因的重組幾乎每年都進化爲新的變種。如果以將身體和心分離看待的邏輯爲基礎,人在與病源體的關係中擁有作爲人類宿主的地位,那&#40637;這樣的問題將繼續下去。筆者期待,本論文中在身與心合一的觀點上提出的修養方法論能&#22816;爲克服這種問題提供些許必要的邏輯。 關鍵詞 : 東醫寶鑑,宇宙本體論,人間論,修養論,先後天論,精氣神論, 身形,黃帝內經,黃庭經,參同契,豫防與治療 논문요약 『東醫寶鑑』 修養論의 哲學的 根據와 方法論 硏究 이 논문의 목표는 『東醫寶鑑』에서 수양론과 연관된 자료들을 정리하고, 그 哲學的 根據와 方法을 탐색하는 데 있다. 이는 근본적으로 서구의 근대 철학의 주관과 객관 이원론(dualism), 정신과 물질 이분법(dichotomy)을 극복하고, 동양사상에서 유기적이고 합일적인 세계관을 모색하려는 일련의 후현대적 시도와 연관되어 있다. 이 논문에서 『東醫寶鑑』을 연구 주제로 선택한 것은 이러한 요청에 부응하면서, 보다 깊은 논의를 도출하기 위한 시도이다. 그 이유를 설명하기 위해서 우리는 『東醫寶鑑』이라는 의서(醫書)에 내함된 광범위하고도 심도 있는 철학적 의미에 대해서 인식할 필요가 있다. 먼저 주목할 것은 『東醫寶鑑』이 漢代의 『황제내경』부터 16세기 明末에 이르기까지 道家와 한의학의 수많은 자료들을 정리, 인용하고 있다는 점이다. 우리는 한의학이 하나의 특수한 분야로서 독립성이 있음을 인정하지만, 또한 도가와의 상호관계성을 유의하지 않을 수 없다. 물론 한의학은 심신의 치료에 치중하고, 도가는 철학적 이상과 종교적 구원을 지향하는 자기 수양의 특성을 갖는다는 점에서는 각자의 영역은 독립성을 갖는다. 그러나 도가와 한의학은 실천적 영역에서는 자기독립성(identity)을 고집하지 않으며 상호 교류하면서 발전해 왔던 것이다. 우리는 『동의보감』의 편찬자들이 의학의 질병 치료와 도가의 자아 수양을 같은 맥락에서 이해했을 뿐 아니라 의학적 질병 치료 보다 도가의 자아 수양을 더 가치 있는 것으로 인식했음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 동의보감의 편찬자들은 의서(醫書)와 도교의 전적(典籍)들을 자유롭게 동의보감 속에 인용하게 되었으며 나아가서 의학의 지평을 철학, 종교적 경지로 확장하였던 것이다. 우주론적 관점에서 한의학은 한대의 氣論으로부터 위진남북조의 神論을 거쳐 송명대의 心性論 등을 수용하여 발전해간다. 『東醫寶鑑』은 한대의 『黃帝內經』과 『易緯&#8228;乾鑿度』, 위진남북조의 『黃庭經』, 송대 陳顯微의 『周易參同契解』와 兪琰의 『易外別傳』, 明代에 정리된 『金丹正理大全』 등을 인용하여 각 시대의 독특한 철학 사상이 융합하고 보다 폭넓고 깊이 있는 체계를 구축한다. 인간론은 &#65378;內景篇&#65379; “身形”에 나타난 선후천의 이해를 바탕으로 선후천론과 정기신론 및 삼단전의 기능을 통하여 탐색한다. 『동의보감』의 선천에 대한 개념 구분은 이중구조로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 첫째는 天形의 선천인 우주의 鴻&#28635;과 混淪이고 둘째는 신형의 선천인 천지부모의 精氣이다. 사람이 결태되는 그 순간은 천지간의 太和의 氣가 묘합 되는 시기로 적연부동한 마음이다. 적연부동한 마음은 바로 태극이고 선천의 神心이다. 사람 몸의 삼단전은 先天과 後天을 연결하는 문호가 되며 陰陽과 精ㆍ氣ㆍ神의 변화가 일어나는 곳이다. 도가사상과 의가사상의 공통점은 자연과 인간이 상통하는 관계 안에서 生을 추구하며, 精ㆍ氣ㆍ神의 神이라는 개념 안에 心의 의미를 내재하고 있는 점이라고 할 수 있다. 수양론은 인용서 가운데 『黃帝內經』과 『黃庭經』 그리고 『參同契』의 내용으로 집약하여 살펴볼 수 있다. 『동의보감』은 『黃帝內經』을 통하여 陰陽五行論과 精氣神論를 조화시킨 이론으로 제시한다. 『黃庭經』과 『參同契』의 수양법에도 陰陽五行과 精氣神의 원리가 내재되어 있다. 『黃庭經』은 易과 數로써 道를 구하지 않고 象을 세워 存思하고 守一하는 방법으로 道를 구한다. 한편 『參同契』는 易과 數의 논리로써 道를 구하는 수양서이다. 이러한 사실에 근거해서 우리는 『동의보감』이 단지 의학서일 뿐 아니라 동양사상의 풍부한 내용을 내재하고 있는 철학적 텍스트라는 것을 알 수 있다. 게다가 앞에서 확인한 바와 같이『동의보감』의 편찬자들은 의학과 철학을 일관하는 관점을 통해서 장구한 역사 속에서 발전해온 도가와 의가의 텍스트를 정리하여 그 핵심적인 내용을 집약한 것이다. 이에 본고에서는 『동의보감』에 정리된 수양론 관련 자료를 정리하고 그 철학적 근거와 방법을 탐구함으로써 『동의보감』의 심신 치료와 수양의 실천적, 철학적 의미를 드러내고자 한다. 주제어 : 東醫寶鑑, 宇宙本體論, 人間論, 修養論, 先後天論, 精氣神論, 身形, 黃帝內經, 黃庭景, 參同契, 豫防과 治療

개에 있어서 實驗的 十二指腸 閉塞시 心電圖와 電解質의 變化

조영숙 全北大學校 1999 국내석사

볼레로 전자선화증권의 운용실태와 활용증대 방안에 관한 연구

조영숙 부산대학교 대학원 2003 국내석사

Electronic commerce and the concept of a paperless office are fast becoming established facts of life with the rapid development of the Internet. A typical international trade transaction generates significant quantities of paper-based trade documents. One such document is the bill of lading. An estimate by the United Nations of the cost of using paper for all aspects of an international transaction exceeds US$420 billion. In the recent past, there have been a number of attempts to develop an electronic bill of lading which can reduce costs and increase speed. With this in mind, the Committee Maritime International published the CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of lading in 1991. However, electronic bills of lading have not received the full support and confidence of all the participants in the international trade transactions. There have been concerns about security and the authenticity of electronic bills of lading. Especially, it has proved difficult to develop and electronic document which has the function of transferring ownership of goods as a paper bill of lading. Bolero project solves these problems. The Bolero project which has received the backing of the European Union, is jointly owned by the Through Transport Mutual Insurance Association (TT Club) and the Society for Worldwide Inter Bank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT). The results of Bolero project have set up an electronic title registry for bills of lading, which will co-ordinate the change of ownership title of goods in transit. The bolero.net achieved to resolve the issues by a robust set of contractual provisions binding on all users of the Rulebook. And the Bolero electronic bill of lading achieves information security by means of digital signature. This paper aims to review operations of the Bolero electronic bill of lading and find legal and practical problems. Accordingly I suggest the direction the utilization of Bolero electronic bill of lading as follows: First, the Bolero electronic bill of lading requires that it should follow the English law as the governing law and include the United States Maritime Goods Act. That is somewhat ambiguous and judged on inconsistency in the content of the Rulebook. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate its potential users in preparation for the increases of its users, accommodate their interests, and also make the governing provisons in the Rulebook that may be satisfied and be agreed by many users through several trials and errors. Secondly, the Bolero electronic bill of lading is based on the CMI Rules for electronic bills of lading in 1990. However, the CMI Rules operational concept is the carrier registry system. Therefore, the carrier registry system needs to be replaced by a central registry system. Thirdly, it needs to build up the global electronic trade network to improve utilization of the Bolero electronic bill of lading. It may be solved by maintaining the cooperative relationship with the trade communication networks in a considerable scale built-up in the countries in the world. Fourthly, the liability in errors or defaults in operating central date registry of Bolero International Limited is limited to US$100,000. The amount is not sufficient to the many cargo owners to cover the damages. If the users of Bolero electronic bill of lading can not be indemnified for their damages caused by the service provider's mistake, it is difficult to use the Bolero electronic bill of lading in practice. Therefore, the service provider should more clarify the responsibilities among the parties, provide the relevant data with which the depth and frequency of damages can be examined in case the service providing entities are responsible, and make their utmost effort to prevent such problems.