English Learning Motivation and Its Causal Factors among Korean Elementary School Students

조영교 한국초등영어교육학회 2014 초등영어교육 Vol.20 No.2

This study examines how English learning is perceived by Korean elementary school youth and what motivations or demotivations they have. An English class in a local primary school participated in the study. Thirty two students were measured on their goals of English learning, L2 attitudes, perceived significance of English study, instrumentality and motivational intention (defined by their persistence in English learning). Data were collected through survey questionnaire, student and teacher interviews, and English learning autobiographies written by students. The findings show that instrumentality was the dominant form of motivation (64%), followed by social imperative (22%) and international posture (Yashima, 2002, 14%). The students generally have positive attitude toward English, and the level of their perceived significance of English study was fairly high. Motivational intention in this population has the highest correlation with their international posture, but not with instrumentality nor with social imperative. These findings suggest that general interest in foreign countries and different cultures is a significant indicator of language motivation. While parents are seen as an important factor influencing motivation, peer pressure in class forms a cause of demotivation, which can be mostly explainable by their different levels of English proficiency. Potential interpretations of the findings and implications for L2 pedagogy are discussed.

복층 도로터널 중간슬래브의 건설장비 하중에 대한 거동 분석

조영교,박범근,김성민 한국도로학회 2018 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.20 No.5

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to investigate the behaviors of the middle slab in a double-deck road tunnel subjected to construction equipment loading from such as a concrete pump car, concrete transmixer, and lifting crane. METHODS: The major construction processes of a middle slab include concrete placement, concrete transportation, and lifting of materials near the emergency passageway section. During the concrete placement, the middle slab is subjected to construction loading due to the presence of the concrete pump car and fully loaded concrete transmixer. During the concrete transportation, the middle slab is subjected to loadings from both the fully loaded and empty concrete transmixer. The emergency passageway section of the middle slab is subjected to crane loading during lifting work. The magnitudes and geometries of these construction loadings are determined and the stresses and deflections of the middle slab under these loadings are analyzed using finite element models of the middle slab. The behaviors of the middle slab under the design truck loadings are also analyzed to compare the results with those under construction loadings. RESULTS : The stresses and deflections of the middle slab under construction loadings are comparable to those under the design truck loadings. Higher stresses can be observed when the concrete transmixers cross paths at the expansion joint section of the middle slab. The behaviors of the middle slab under the construction loadings during concrete placement are very similar regardless of the section types of the middle slab such as the normal, expansion joint, and emergency passageway sections. CONCLUSIONS : When the middle slab is designed, the construction loadings should be considered to determine the primary design loads and to verify the usability of a variety of construction equipment.

연속철근 콘크리트 슬래브 시스템의 균열진전 깊이와 균열폭 거동 관계 분석

조영교,김성민,오한진,최린,석종환 한국도로학회 2015 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.17 No.1

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the crack propagation depth through a slab and crack width movement in continuously reinforced concrete slab systems (CRCSs). METHODS : The crack width movements in continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) and continuously reinforced concrete railway track (CRCT) were measured in the field for different crack spacings. In addition, the crack width movements in both CRCP and CRCT were simulated using finite element models of CRCP and CRCT. The crack width movements, depending on the unit temperature change, were obtained from both the field tests and numerical analysis models.. RESULTS: The experimental analysis results show that the magnitudes of the crack width movements in CRCSs were related to not only the crack spacing, but also the crack propagation depth. In CRCP, the magnitudes of the crack width movements were more closely related to the crack propagation depths. In CRCT, the crack width movements were similar for different cracks since most were through cracks. If the numerical analysis was performed to predict the crack width movements by assuming that the crack propagates completely through the slab depth, the predicted crack width movements were similar to the actual ones in CRCT, but those may be overestimated in CRCP. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitudes of the crack width movements in CRCSs were mainly affected by the crack propagation depths through the slabs.

접속슬래브의 차량하중에 의한 거동 분석

조영교 慶熙大學校 大學院 2010 高凰論集 Vol.46 No.-

The behavior of the bridge approach slab has been analyzed when vehicle loads are applied. Using a 3-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis, the stress distribution and deflection of the approach slab were analyzed to investigate the effects of the slab length, foundation stiffness, and settlement of foundation. This study showed that the maximum stress decreased with the increase in the foundation stiffness and with the decrease in the foundation settlement. If there was no foundation settlement, the tensile longitudinal stress appeared at the bottom of the slab; however, when there was foundation settlement, both the tensile and compressive stresses occurred at the bottom of the slab. The stresses were not affected by the foundation stiffness if the foundation stiffness value exceeded a certain value. When the maximum tensile stress is over the allowable tensile stress, the prestressing techniques should be used or the slab thickness should be increased to reduce the tensile stress. 본 연구는 고속도로 평탄성 향상을 위한 연구로 교량 접속부에 차량하중이 슬래브에 작용할 때 교량 접속슬래브의 거동을 분석하기 위해 수행 되었다. 유한요소 해석프로그램을 이용하여 3차원 Solid Element로 해석하였으며 슬래브 길이, 지반의 탄성계수, 지반의 침하 정도를 변수 로 두어 응력분포와 처짐을 분석하였다. 연구결과 지반강성이 증가할수록 발생하는 최대응력이 감소하며, 하부지반의 침하정도가 클수록 발생하는 최대응력이 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 최대인장응력이 발생하는 슬래브 하부에서 종방향을 따라 작용하는 종방향 응력은 침하가 발생 하지 않을 경우 인장응력만 발생된다. 반대로 침하 발생 시 슬래브 하부에는 인장·압축 응력 모 두 발생한다. 또한 하부지반이 강할수록 종방향 응력의 기울기가 크게 나타난다. 지반강성이 일 정크기 이상일 경우 하부지반강성에 따른 응력의 변화가 거의 발생하지 않는다. 설계 시 해석 된 최대응력이 허용인장응력이 초과할 경우에는 Prestress를 통하여 인장응력을 감소시키거나 슬래브 두께를 증가시켜 허용인장용력보다 응력 값을 작게 한다.

연속철근 콘크리트 포장 수치해석 모델의 해석결과 정확도 개선 방법

조영교,석종환,최린,김성민 한국도로학회 2016 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.18 No.1

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to develop a method for improving the accuracy of analysis results obtained from a twodimensional (2-D) numerical analysis model of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP). METHODS: The analysis results from the 2-D numerical model of CRCP are compared with those from more rigorous three-dimensional (3- D) models of CRCP, and the relationships between the results are recognized. In addition, the numerical analysis results are compared with the results obtained from field experiments. By performing these comparisons, the calibration factors used for the 2-D CRCP model are determined. RESULTS : The results from the comparisons between 2-D and 3-D CRCP analyses show that with the 2-D CRCP model, concrete stresses can be overestimated significantly, and crack widths can either be underestimated or overestimated by a slight margin depending on the assumption of plane stress or plane strain. The behaviors of crack width in field measurements are comparable to those obtained from the numerical model of CRCP. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of analysis results from the 2-D CRCP model can be improved significantly by applying calibration factors obtained from comparisons with 3-D analyses and field experiments.

Lexical and syntactic features of underachieving EFL university students’ English composition

조영교 팬코리아영어교육학회 2016 영어교육연구 Vol.28 No.4

This study examined lexical and syntactic characteristics of EFL composition by universitystudents at lower levels of English proficiency. Thirty five students in an English program in alocal university of Korea wrote an English essay in their assessment of writing proficiency. These students were also assessed on their levels of English grammar awareness and grammarcompetence using a questionnaire and two versions of grammar tests following Ferris andRoberts (2001). The study shows that a general match is found between students’ levels ofgrammar awareness and their grammar competence, yet their texts generally lack both accuracyand fluency. The number of words per text (M=71) has the strongest correlation with the meanof words per sentence (M=9.5), but this length of a text is not the predictor of their writingproficiency. Rather, it is the number of error-free sentences which virtually determines thequality of students’ writing. Errors are more salient in untreatable (wrong word and sentencestructure) than in treatable categories (e.g., verb form and noun plural); the analysis of the twoversions of grammar tests also confirms that word choice and sentence structure are the hardestcomponents in English composition for this population. The relationships between levels of L2proficiency and students’ writing abilities are discussed.

연속철근 콘크리트 회전교차로 포장 설계를 위한 기초 연구

조영교,석종환,최 린,최 린,오한진,김성민 한국도로학회 2015 한국도로학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.3

국내의 회전교차로는 2010년 도입되어 교통지체, 교통사고가 많은 교차로에 설치되어 현재 전국 지방 지역 364개소에 설치·운영 중에 있다. 회전교차로는 차량이 진행함에 따라 원심력이 발생하게 되어 외측 차륜에 과도한 윤하중이 실리게 된다. 이는 아스팔트 포장의 응력 증가를 의미하며 궁극적으로 소성변형 (Rutting), 밀림(Shoving), 라벨링(Raveling) 그리고 지지력 부족으로 인한 균열을 초래하게 된다. 따라 서 유럽의 많은 국가들은 회전교차로의 포장을 JCP, CRCP와 같은 콘크리트를 사용한 포장을 권장하고 있다. 국내의 경우 2015년부터 회전교차로를 일반국도에서 확대 설치를 계획하고 있지만 콘크리트 회전 교차로는 설계 및 거동에 대한 이해가 부족하여 바로 적용하기에는 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 CRCP의 형태를 갖는 연속철근 콘크리트 회전교차로 포장(CRCR: Continuously Reinforced Concrete Roundabout)의 설계법 개발을 위한 기초 연구를 수행하였다. 우선 그림 1과 같이 내경의 크기에 따른 원형구조물에 대한 분석을 수행하여 CRCR의 거동 특성을 분석하였으며, 이를 토대 로 그림 2와 같은 CRCR 해석 모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 해석 모델을 이용하여 CRCR의 균열 진전, 응력 의 분포 등을 분석하였다.

보수용 조립식 콘크리트 포장 적용성 및 슬래브 접합 방식 분석

조영교,오한진,황주환,김성민,박성기 한국도로학회 2010 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.12 No.4

본 연구는 조립식 콘크리트 포장 공법을 이용한 급속 도로 포장 보수 방법의 적용성을 분석하기 위하여 시험시공을 수행하고, 슬래브 접합 방식의 효과를 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험시공은 줄눈콘크리트포장의 4개 슬래브를 교체하는 것으로 하였다. 시험시공을 위해 프리캐스트 슬래브를 설계하고 제작한 후, 기존 슬래브를 커팅하여 제거한 후 이 곳에 제작한 슬래브를 안착시켰다. 그 후 평탄성을 조절한 후 포켓 및 홀 부분과 슬래브 하부의 공간을 그라우팅 함으로써 시공을 신속 용이하게 수행할 수 있었다. 시험 시공을수행하며 보수용 프리캐스트 포장의 설계 및 시공과 관련된 세부 사항을 면밀히 분석하였다. 또한 슬래브 간의 연결을 위한 방식으로포켓과 홀 접합 방식을 모두 적용해 보았으며 실험을 통해 두 접합 방식에서의 슬래브의 컬링 거동을 비교하였다. 연구 결과 두 방식모두 적용성이 우수했으나, 홀 접합 방식이 보다 적절한 것으로 파악되었다. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of expedite repairing of concrete pavements using precast concrete pavement method and to investigate the effectiveness of slab connection methods. In the demonstration construction, four slabs of jointed concrete pavements were replaced with the precast slabs. First, precast concrete slabs were designed and fabricated, then existing slabs were cut and removed, and finally precast slabs were installed. The slabs were leveled and pockets, holes, and space between the slab bottom and the underlying layer were grouted. From the demonstration construction, details about the design and construction of the precast pavements for repairing of pavements were evaluated. In addition, the slab connection methods such as pocket and hole connection methods were applied in the construction and the slab curling behaviors at the joints that include those connection methods were compared. The results showed that both slab connection methods were applicable, and the hole connection method was superior.

EFL Writers’ Revision Patterns at Discourse Level and Their Relationship to Writing Proficiency

조영교 팬코리아영어교육학회 2019 영어교육연구 Vol.31 No.4

This study examined unexperienced EFL writers’ discourse level revision patterns and the relationship between these revisions skills and students’ attained L2 writing proficiency. Fifty two students in English composition classes in a local university of Korea were asked to revise an English text that contains coherence problems at three discourse levels: (inter)sentential, paragraph, and essay. These texts were analyzed for revision patterns in two categories (error detection and correction) and in terms of correction strategies used in the revision task. The study shows that students in general revised surface level errors (sentential and intersentential) better than meaning errors at higher discourse level (paragraph and essay). While scores were higher in error detection than in correction, in both categories, intersentential level was the highest in its mean score. Sentence level revision scores were strongly correlated with paragraph revision scores, but not with essay level performance. Inversely, essay level revision was significantly correlated with students’ paragraph level revision, but not with sentence level revision. Attained proficiency was significantly correlated with students’ performance at the intersentential level, but not at higher levels, suggesting that coherence at the essay level is the hardest part of discourse conception in this population. Metacomments on errors, along with addition and deletion, were most preferred forms of revision strategies used. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Pre-Service Teachers’ Perspectives on CLT in Korea and Its Practices

조영교 현대영미어문학회 2018 현대영미어문학 Vol.36 No.2

This study examined the features of CLT-orientations and methods for English teaching in Korea and the perceptions of pre-service English language teachers. A total of 24 students participated in a survey where 31 items in open-ended and Likert scale were used to examine the participants’ teaching goals, perceptions on CLT principles and methods and assessment of CLT practices in Korean school settings. The findings show that promotion of CLT at the national level has been consistent over the decades wherein communicative competence has been promulgated as its primary goal. Despite the policy ideal of promoting English competence at all school levels, CLT in its full implementation still seems to be a distal reality for classroom teaching in Korea. Pre-service teachers’ own views on the biggest attribution of such failure were given to the exam-dominant classroom culture that requires sacrifice of communicative goals. Lack of retraining in CLT methods and resources was another line of teacher discourse that accounted for the unstable status quo of CLT in Korea.