폐리튬배터리(LIBs)에서 유가금속(Ni, Co, Mn, Li) 회수 시발생하는 황산나트륨의 처리 및 회수 연구

조연철,서민혁,이영재,안재우 대한금속·재료학회 2024 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.62 No.4

Concerns have arisen regarding the high concentrations of sodium sulfate in wastewater resultingfrom the waste Li-ion battery wet recycling process. In addressing this issue, Bipolar electrodialysis wasemployed to desalinate high-concentration sodium sulfate and recover it as sulfuric acid and sodiumhydroxide. The investigation encompassed various experimental variables, such as applied voltage(maintained at a constant level), feed solution concentration, the initial concentrations of sulfuric acid andsodium hydroxide, and volume ratio (F/A/B). Optimal conditions were determined by assessing watermigration (%), the recovery rates (%) of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, concentration of the recoveredsubstances, process time, and energy consumption. A higher applied voltage was found to reduce process timewhile increasing energy consumption, with the 25 V condition considered preferable. When utilizing a highconcentrationfeed solution, energy consumption rises; however, it decreases per unit of processed solution,rendering a 1.30 M Na2SO4 feed solution preferable. Increasing initial concentrations of sulfuric acid andsodium hydroxide substantially prolonged process time and increased energy consumption, emphasizing theadvantage of commencing with low initial concentrations. Adjusting the volume ratio facilitated theconcentration and recovery of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide with minimal impact on process time orenergy consumption. Under the identified optimal conditions, the recovery of 1.70 M sulfuric acid and 2.44M sodium hydroxide was achieved.

강산성용액에서 Cyanex 301에 의한 Co 및 Ni 회수 연구

조연철,김기훈,안재우 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2021 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.30 No.6

An experiment was conducted to separate or recover Co and Ni using Cyanex 301 from process by-products and waste resources containing Co and Ni. To separate and recover Co and Ni from simulated leaching solutions, 10 v/v% Cyanex 301 was used as an extractant in this study; Li was not extracted. At equilibrium pH 1.5 and a phase ratio (A/O) of 1.0, 0.44% of Mg and 11.57% of Mn were extracted, and more than 99% of Co and Ni were extracted. McCabe-Thiele diagram analysis confirmed that more than 99.9% of Co and Ni could be extracted simultaneously through two-stage extraction with an extraction phase ratio (A/O) of 2. It was possible to extract Mg and Mn simultaneously through the scrubbing process. In the scrubbing process, more than 99% of Mg and 87% of Mn were scrubbed using 0.05 M of H2SO4, and 99.9% of Mg and more than 80% of Mn were scrubbed using 0.05 M of HCl. In the stripping process, 93% of Co and 5% of Ni were stripped selectively by 3.0 M of H2SO4. However, when 8.0 M of HCl was used as a stripping solution, more than 99.9% of Co and more than 90% of Ni were stripped simultaneously. 코발트와 니켈을 함유한 공정부산물 및 폐자원으로부터 Cyanex 301을 사용하여 코발트 및 니켈을 분리, 회수하는 실험을 실시하였다. 황산침출 모의 용액으로부터 10 v/v% Cyanex 301을 사용하여 추출할 경우, 리튬은 추출되지 않았으며, 평형 pH 1.5, 추출 상비(A/O) 1.0조건에서 마그네슘은 0.44%, 망간은 11.57% 추출되었으며 코발트와 니켈은 99% 이상 추출되었다. McCabe-Thiele diagram 분석 결과, 추출 상비(A/O) 2.0, 2단 추출을 통해 코발트와 니켈을 99.9% 이상 동시 추출 가능성을 확인하였다. 공추출 된 마그네슘 및 망간의 경우 세정 공정을 통해 제거가 가능하였는데, 세정액으로 0.05M 황산용액에서는 마그네슘은 99%, 망간은 87%이상 제거되었고, 세정액으로 0.05M 염산용액을 사용할 경우에는 마그네슘은 99.9%, 망간은 80% 이상 세정되어 제거 가능하였다. 세정 후 추출액에서 탈거 시에는탈거액으로 3.0M 황산을 사용할 경우에는 코발트는 93%, 니켈은 5% 정도 탈거가 되어 선택적 탈거가 가능하였다. 그러나 8M HCl을 사용할 경우에는 코발트는 99.9% 이상, 니켈도 90% 이상 탈거되어 코발트와 니켈을 동시에 회수가 가능하였다.

마그네슘이 함유된 황산용액에서 Versatic acid-10에 의한 코발트와 니켈의 선택적 추출

조연철,안재우,이재영,Cho, Yeon chul,Ahn, Jae woo,Lee, Jae young 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2020 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.29 No.4

Separation of Co and Ni over Mg from the sulfuric acid solutions using Cyanex272, PC88A and Versatic acid 10 as an extractant was carried out. From the comparative studies about the extraction behavior of Co, Ni and Mg, Versatic acid 10 was superior to Cyanex272 and PC88A for the selective extraction of cobalt and nickel from the mixed solutions. About 98% of Ni and Co were extracted at equilibrium pH 7.0 and less than 5% of Mg was co-extracted by Versatic acid 10. McCabe-Thiele diagram indicated two stages requirement for Co and Ni extraction by 10% Versatic acid 10 at pH 7.0 and phase ratio (A/O) of 2.0. The loaded Co and Ni in organic phase was stripped effectively the sulfuric acid concentration above 70 g/L. 99.78% of cobalt and 98.42% of nickel were stripped.

중국 체육행정 조직관리의 이론적 고찰

조연철,임용호 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1997 科學論集 Vol.23 No.-

In these days, an open-door policy and the market economy of China have an effect on development of the all chinese society, and bring on changes in many fields- politics, economy, culture, and so on. Thus, the administative oganization of physical education on centralizing system based on existing planned economy system is changing. The system of the existing administative oganizationth of physical education is divided by the management system of government and community. The management system of government for administative oganization of physical education is still characteristic of centralizing system carried out main projects of physical education. There is many changes as result of system reformation to achieve the proper management system of administative oganization of physical education for the market economy. The management of centralizing system is weakened, and the self-control of the management system of community improve, that is, the macroscopic management funtion of government and microscopic management funtion of community is stregthened.

바이폴라 전기투석을 이용한 수산화리튬 회수에 관한 기초 연구

조연철,김기훈,안재우,이재헌 대한금속·재료학회 2021 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.59 No.4

Bipolar electrodialysis was used in a process of desalting a lithium sulfate solution, converting it to lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, and concentrating and recovering them. The effects of the experimental variables such as applied voltage, the concentration of electrode solution, the concentration of raw material solution, volume ratio, and impurity were confirmed. The optimum conditions were investigated by comparing the conversion(%) of lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, the process time, and energy consumption. As the applied voltage was increased, the energy consumption tended to increase, but the processing time decreased significantly. As the concentration of lithium sulfate in the raw material solution increased, the conversion(%) of lithium hydroxide decreased. As the concentration of lithium sulfate increased, the energy consumption did not increase linearly, and energy consumption increased significantly. When a raw material solution of 0.5 M Li2SO4 or more is used in the bipolar electrodialysis process, an applied voltage of 25 V is preferable. As the applied voltage increased at a constant process time, the conversion(%) of LiOH and H2SO4 increased. Regarding the effect of the electrode solution concentration, when a 5.0 wt% electrode solution was used rather than a 3.0 wt% electrode solution, energy consumption decreased by more than 10%. When the volume of the raw material solution was increased, the processing time required for desalting increased. By using a low concentration raw material solution, it was confirmed that it was simultaneously possible to recover and concentrate lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid through volume ratio control. When the raw material solution contained Na as an impurity, it was converted to NaOH with a surface LiOH, and it was not possible to separate the lithium and sodium.

洋弓 초보자를 위한 지도방안에 관한 연구

조연철 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1990 科學論集 Vol.16 No.-

This article concerns with basic training methods for the beginning archers, which is designed for expansion of archery as a popular sports. Contents include theoretical explanations on archery, the types and equipment of archery, and basic postures of archers. Training methods are comprised of bare hand methods based on the teaching experences and reference materials collected mation-wide, and includes exercise with rubber strings and real bows. The final part deals with the physical exercise with bows for the beginners.

실내수영장 수질의 실태에 관한 연구

조연철 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1997 科學論集 Vol.23 No.-

This study is aimed to analyze investigations on the environmental conditions of indoor swimming pool facilities and to research the effects of environmental pollutants on the health. Among the sites of swimming pool in K city area, three sites were selected in this study respectively. The data measured are swimming pool water pollution status in the consumption of KMnO4, residual chlorine, pH and general bacterium. These examined data were compared with seasons, time from standard levels. The conclusions derived from the results obtained are as follows : In case of the consumption in KMnO4, the major index of water pollution, showed that the pollution level was not exceed 12mg/l recommanded levels. It was not a significant difference in winter and summer, compared with time. Summer's values of consumption in KMNO_4 were significantly higher than those of consumption in winter. Values of residual chlorine in winter were 0.20mg/l or so. They were lowered gradually with time. They showed 3 times higher than those of consumption in summer at 10-2 p.m. Values in winter seemed similarly different in summer. General bacterium in summer was significantly higher than that in winter. Values in winter and summer were increased with time. General bacterium was not a significant difference between winter and summer. From the above results, the government is requested to prepare an appropriate priate administrative measure for the commercial indoor swimming pool facilities.

태권도 수련아동의 정서반응에 대한 연구

조연철,김찬우 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2005 科學論集 Vol.31 No.-

Purpose of this study was to identify emotion study of Taekwondo Training children. to reach the purpose, 383 out of 400 children who participate in taekwondo training in Ulsan area were sampled. Questionnaire data were obtained from all subject by self-administration method. Frequency analysis, ANOVA analysis were conducted and SPSS for Window 11.0 program was used. Results of analysis could be summarized as the following 1. Male, 4th grade, 2 year training, 5th/week children are most popular among the subjects. 2. Relation of grade and purity present difference among 6th, 4th grade and middle school student. In the avoidance, difference present between 5th, 4th grade and middle school student. In the aggression and sociality, no difference presented, in the misconduct, difference between among the subjects. 3. Relation between participation period and emotion present no difference. 4. Relation of participation inducement and emotion present difference at aggression. 5. Relation of gender, training period and fear present no difference. Relation of gender, training period and devotion present no difference. In purity and misconduct, only gender present difference. Avoidance and aggression present no difference. 6. Relation among gender, participation inducement and fear present difference. Relation only between gender and participation inducement present no difference at avoidance. 7. Relation of grade, training period and avoidance, aggression, sociality, misconduct, purity present difference only at grade. 8. Relation of grade, participation inducement and fear, devotion present no difference. Relation between grade and participation inducement present difference at purity and avoidance. In aggression, only participation inducement present difference. In sociality, grade and participation inducement present no difference. In misconduct, only grade present difference.

초등 학생들의 태권도 수련이 인성 형성에 미치는 영향

조연철,김욱영 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2005 科學論集 Vol.31 No.-

Purpose of this study was to identify Influence of Taekwondo training to character building of pupil. To reach the purpose, 376 out of 400 pupils who participate in Taekwondo training were sampled from Susung gu area in Taegu. Questionnaire data were obtained from all subject by self-administration method. ANOVA was conducted to exam the study and SPSS/PC 10.0 program was used. Results of the analysis could be summarized as the following. First, Encouragement of parent is very affective for the Taekwondo training of pupil. Second, Character present no difference between gender. Third, 3rd grade pupils present high score in sense of stability and intellectual growth. Fourth, Length of training period affect to intellectual growth, The longer training, the higher intellectual growth. Fifth, The pupil who decided to training by himself present high score in sociality and behavior attitude. Sixth. Relation of gender, training and Characteristic present no difference in stability, intellectual growth, sociality and behavior attitude. Seventh, Relation of gender, participation inducement and Characteristic present no difference in stability, intellectual growth, sociality and behavior attitude. Eighth, In relation of gender, training intention and characteristic, Stability of the pupils who intent to training for future present high score than others. Ninth, In relation of grade, training inducement and characteristic, Stability, sociality and behavior attitude of pupils who decide to training by himself present high score than others. Tenth, In relation of grade, training intention and characteristic, stability, intellectual growth, sociality and behavior attitude of pupil who intend to participate in the future present high score than others.

염산용액에서 Cyanex 572에 의한 희토류 원소(La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm)의 용매추출

조연철,강명식,안재우,이진영,Cho, Yeon-Chul,Kang, Myeong-Sik,Ahn, Jae-Woo,Lee, Jin-Young 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2016 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.25 No.6

염산용액에서 Cyanex 572에 의한 La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm의 추출 및 탈거 거동을 조사하여 PC88A를 추출제로 사용한 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 평형 pH, 추출제 농도, 탈거제 농도 변화에 대한 실험을 통하여 추출율, 분배계수, 탈거율 및 분리계수 값을 조사하였다. 실험 결과, Cyanex 572를 사용하였을 경우 PC88A 보다 희토류 원소들의 추출 시에 $pH_{50}$ 값이 더 높았고, 추출제 농도가 증가할수록 분배계수 값이 증가하였다. 희토류 원소가 추출된 유기상에서 염산용액으로 탈거 시 Cyanex 572의 경우는 탈거율이 85 ~ 95%로, PC88A의 탈거율 80 ~ 87%보다 높았고, 2성분계 혼합용액에서 Ce/La, Ce/Pr, Pr/Nd, Nd/Sm의 분리계수 값이 Cyanex 572를 사용한 경우가 PC88A에 비해 1.0 ~ 5.0 정도 커서 분리성이 개선되었다. This work was examined the extraction and stripping behavior of rare earths (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) from the hydrochloric acid solution by Cyanex 572 and compared to the results that of PC88A. Experimental parameters such as equilibrium pH, extractant & strip reagent concentration were observed and extraction percentage, distribution coefficient, stripping percentage and the separation factor of the adjacent element were analyzed. The $pH_{50}$ values was more higher using Cyanex 572 than that of PC88A. As the increase of the extractant concentration, the distribution coefficient of rare earth elements was increased. Stripping percentage of rare earth elementss from the Cyanex 572 was 85% to 95% and PC88A showed 80% to 87%. Separation factor of Ce/La, Ce/Pr, Pr/Nd, Nd/Sm was enhanced about 1.0-5.0 using Cyanex 572 as an extractant in mixture solution.