The Corinthian Body: A Post-Pauline Somatic Metaphor in its Ancient Contexts

조나단 장로회신학대학교 기독교사상과문화연구원 2022 장신논단 Vol.54 No.4

This study explores metaphors of the body with particular attention to the body metaphor used in 1 Clement. While studies of the body have proliferated in recent years, this article focuses on the ancient contexts in which the author of 1 Clement urges the Corinthians to function as a healthy body. Since the author of 1 Clement follows Paul, close attention is given to the somatic metaphor used by Paul when writing to the Corinthians. The paper draws upon other studies of the body in Graeco-Roman rhetoric to contextualise the somatic metaphor in 1 Clement. In so doing, this study argues that the author of 1 Clement follows Paul in urging the Corinthians to be united as the body of Christ but employs a hierarchical approach that is more at home in broader Graeco-Roman rhetoric than in Paul’s Corinthian correspondence.

The Form and Function of the Psalms in Barnabas 6

조나단 한국신학정보연구원 2020 Canon&Culture Vol.14 No.2

This essay finds its starting point at the confluence of two scholarly streams in early Christian studies. Recent scholarship has taken an increased interest in the textual form of early Christian documents, while studies of the Greek Old Testament have found a state of textual pluriformity in the first and second centuries CE. The Epistle of Barnabas quotes regularly from Israel’s scriptures, even while arguing that its audience should behave differently from Israel. This essay takes up the Psalter in Barn. 6 in order to explore the form and function of the Psalms within the letter. The textual form of the Psalms in Barnabas 6 varies with regard to how closely their wording mirrors both modern critical editions of the Greek Psalter as well as ancient Greek manuscripts of the Psalms. The Psalms function to support larger arguments, to summarize earlier findings, and to illustrate how the Son inhabits his people. Although this study is narrowly focused, the conclusion demonstrates how this small article may shed light on the role of the Psalter within Barnabas’s logic, raises questions about the pluriform manner in which early Christians may have known the Psalms, and contributes to ongoing discussion about testimonia and composite quotations in second-century Christian scriptural interpretation.

힘들었지만 의미 있는 시간들을 마치고 - WCC 자원봉사 후기

조나단 한신대학교 신학대학원 2013 세계와 선교 Vol.- No.217

Barnabas in History and Memory

조나단 한국신약학회 2019 신약논단 Vol.26 No.4

This essay explores Barnabas as he is remembered in early Christian literature by making use of recent studies of the role that memory plays in historiography. The study explores the record of Barnabas in the Pauline letters and pays particular attention to the dispute in Antioch. The article next explores Barnabas in Acts where his role as a mediator takes center stage. Working from this multifaceted picture of Barnabas, the article shows that Barnabas is a suitable namesake for the pseudepigraphal Epistle of Barnabas. The essay thus accomplishes two things. First, it offers an extensive analysis of Barnabas as he is remembered in the New Testament. Second, it offers two reasons for why Barnabas is a fitting selection to be the ascribed author of the Epistle of Barnabas.

만성염증탈수초다발신경병과 유사한 전기진단검사 결과를 보인 새로운 p.Arg98Leu MPZ 유전자돌연변이를 가진 CMT1B 환자

조나단,강희경,이학인,이인영,김수영,김선영,손은희 대한신경과학회 2022 대한신경과학회지 Vol.40 No.3

Conduction block or temporal dispersion on motor nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are known as key features of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Some types of CharcotMarieTooth disease (CMT) have been also reported to show conduction block or temporal dispersion on NCS. We experienced a case who presented with slowly progressive motor weakness, sensory loss, foot deformity, and segmental demyelination on NCS. We confirmed her and her mother harboring CMT1B with a novel p.Arg98Leu MPZ variant.

SOME INSIGHTS FROM THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES IN DIALOGUE WITH RECENT STUDIES ON ANCIENT LITERACY

조나단 장로회신학대학교 기독교사상과문화연구원 2023 장신논단 Vol.55 No.4

New Testament scholarship regularly employs studies of ancient literacy to reflect on issues that arise from textual studies of the documents in the New Testament. The historical focus of such scholarship is important, but largely allows the interests of contemporary New Testament scholars to set the agenda for historical study. This article attempts to shift the focus of literacy studies in the New Testament by exploring how one text portrays Christians themselves as a literate community alongside their Greco-Roman neighbors. The article accomplishes this through an analysis of how Acts presents both believers and non-believers as literate. In order to provide an orientation, however, the article begins with a sketch of important issues that have arisen in broader studies of Greco-Roman literacy during recent decades. The article then examines references to believers writing letters within the story of Acts while also giving attention to the types of writing that outsiders do. After turning its attention to reading practices in a similar fashion, the article argues that the author of Acts presents early Christians reading and writing alongside their Greco-Roman neighbors in much the same way that their neighbors do. The conclusion suggests that the disjunction between the high number of early Christian texts that remain and the more restrained portrayal of literacy in Acts can be at least partially accounted for by examining the apologetic and theological aims of the author.

도널드 트럼프와 미국 리더십의 미래: 국제질서, 동아시아 및 한반도의 관점에서

조나단폴락 ( Jonathan D. Pollack ) 한국국가전략연구원 2017 한국국가전략 Vol.2 No.1

예상을 깨고 제 45 대 미국 대통령으로 당선된 도널드 트럼프는 국가 안보정책을 포함해 외교정책에 불확실성을 가중시키고 있다. 사업가이자 투자자 경력이 전부인 트럼프 대통령은 정부 프로세스, 외교 및 안보에 대한 경험이 없다. 그럼에도 그는 많은 의견을 피력하고 있다. 2차 세계대전 종전 이후 모든 미 대통령들이 추구했던 국제주의 정책과는 반대되는 의견이 대부분이다. 경제적 민족주의와 외교 관계를 거래로 인식하는 것을 옹호하는 그의 성향은 미국의 미래 글로벌 리더십에 대해 미국뿐 아니라 (한국과 같은 오랜 우방들을 포함한)해외서도 많은 우려를 낳고 있다. 이같은 우려는 그의 갑작스럽고 고도로 적대적인 정치적 접근 방식으로 인해 확대되고 있다. 대통령은 대단히 충동적이고 논쟁의 여지가 있는 리더십을 보여주고 있다. 트럼프 행정부는 아직 초기단계다. 중요 정책도 아직 확정되지 않은 상황이다. 내각 차원에서도 언급이 없다. 그럼에도 미국은 매우 고되고 예측불가능한 시대로 접어들고 있다. 일부 내각 구성원들과 국회의원들은 트럼프 대통령이 꺼낸 논쟁의 여지가 있는 정책들 중 일부를 제지하고 미국과 경제, 정치, 안보적으로 미국과 긴밀한 관계에 있는 동맹국(한국을 포함한)들과의 관계를 재확인하고 유지하려 노력할 가능성이 크다. 새 행정부가 다분히 민족주의적인 ‘미국 우선주의(America First)’를 추구하고 있지만, 고위 공무원들과 대통령 스스로도 한반도를 둘러싼 주요 위험 요인들에 대해 분명하게 인식하고 있는 만큼, 오바마 행정부가 추진한 대북 핵 및 미사일 정책에서 크게 벗어날 가능성은 희박하다. 그러나 한국이 자체적으로 정치적인 전환기에 빠지면서 한미동맹도 미지의 바다로 들어선 상황이다. 이 같은 여러 불확실성들과 한반도에서 대규모 위기가 발생할 가능성이 실재하는 가운데 양국 및 양국 군사기구들은 동맹이 훼손되거나 약화되지 않도록 긴밀하게 협력해야 한다. 트럼프 행정부는 급진적인 전략 변화에 따른 결과에 대해 신중하게 고려할 수 있도록 국제 및 지역질서에서 발생할 수 있는 위기에 대해 솔직하고, 시기적절한 조언을 받을 필요가 있다. 급진적인 전략 변화에 따른 결과에 대해 신중하게 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 무엇보다 트럼프 행정부는 한반도와 동북아시아 전체에서 지속 가능한 평화와 번영 및 안정을 저해하지 않도록 행동해야 한다. The improbable and unexpected election of Donald Trump as the 45th U.S. president has injected major uncertainty into American foreign policy, including national security policy. As a businessman and investor, President Trump has no prior experience with the governmental process, or with diplomacy and national security. But he does have many opinions, most of which run decidedly contrary to the internationalist policies pursued by every U.S. president since the end of World War II. His advocacy of economic nationalism and his highly transactional approach to relations with other countries (including with long-term allies like the ROK) have engendered ample concern in the U.S. and abroad about the future of U.S. global leadership. These concerns are magnified by his abrupt, highly adversarial approach to politics, with the president exhibiting an impulsive, highly contentious leadership style. The Trump Administration is still at a very early stage, and many crucial policy appointments have yet to be confirmed, or even announced below the Cabinet Secretary level. But the United States has entered a very different and less predictable era. Some Cabinet members and members of Congress will very likely attempt to restrain some of President Trump’s contentious policy arguments, and seek to reaffirm and sustain America’s vital economic, political and security partners, including with the Republic of Korea. Even as the new administration pursues an avowedly nationalistic, “America first” strategy, there are clear indications that senior officials and the President himself are cognizant of the major dangers on the Korean Peninsula, and do not appear likely to diverge significantly from the policies of the Obama Administration addressing North Korea’s nuclear and missile threats. But the alliance has entered uncharted waters, all the while as the Republic of Korea approaches its own political transition. Amidst these multiple uncertainties and the real possibilities of a major crisis on the Korean Peninsula, both countries and both military establishments must work vigorously to ensure the closest possible cooperation and work to avoid paths that could damage or undermine the alliance. There will be a parallel need to ensure that the Trump Administration receives candid, timely advice on the looming risks to international and regional order, so that it can fully weigh the potential consequences of any abrupt shifts in strategy. Above all, the administration must ensure that its actions do not undermine the possibilities for lasting peace, prosperity and stability on the Korean peninsula, and in Northeast Asia as a whole.

미국이 보는 동아시아 안보질서 구조의 변화와 전망

조나단폴락 ( Jonathan D. Pollack ) 한국국가전략연구원 2016 한국국가전략 Vol.1 No.1

긍정적인 측면이 많음에도 동아시아 지역에선 지역구도에 위험성 증가로 이어질 수 있는 급격한 변화를 포함해 정치-안보적으로 실질적인 재편이 이뤄지고 있다. 혼란과 불안정 상태인 중동과 서남아시아 지역 같은 긴박한 위기는 없지만 지역내 불안정성은 계속 증가하고 있다. 미국을 비롯한 지역내 국가들은 동아시아 지역 안보와 안정 그리고 발전을 저해할 수 있는 흐름이 확산되지 않도록 해야 할 것이다. 평화를 보장할 수 있는 합의된 체계가 없는 상황에서 지역내 국가들의 정체성이 높아지고 국력이 커지면 동아시아 지역에서 국가간 역학 관계 관리는 도전에 직면할 것이다. 본 연구는 현재 변화를 설명할 수 있는 몇 가지 원칙적 사실을 규명하고 이 지역에서 장기적으로 중요한 사안을 세 가지 주제로 제시할 것이다. (1) 미래 미중관계 (2) 미래 중일관계 (3) 북한 핵 미사일 개발과 김정은 정권의 정치, 군사, 경제 정책 전망 및 이것들이 한반도와 동북아 전체 구도에 미칠 영향이다. 정확한 시나리오를 예측하는 것은 어렵다. 하지만 지역 구도에 영향을 미치는 변화 등의 위험에 관련 있는 모든 국가들은 발표 내용에 관심을 가질 필요가 있다. 그리고 심각한 분열이나 전면적인 위기를 막을 수 있는 정책을 만드는데 신경을 써야한다. 가장 큰 정책적 과제는 오해 및 오판을 불러일으키고 불안을 가중시킬 수 있는 국가 차원의 전략을 넘어 위기관리 및 지역 안보에 필요한 확실하고 지속 가능한 협정을 만들어 내는 것이다. 장기적인 안정을 위해서는 이제까지 제댈 이뤄지지 않았던 동아시아 국가들 간 소통과 협력이 필요할 것이다. Despite numerous positive trends, East Asia is experiencing substantial political-security realignment, including the possibility of disruptive change that could put regional order at increased risk. Though there is no imminent crisis akin to the chaos and instability across the Middle East and Southwest Asia and major worries about stability in Europe, there is growing uncertainty and unease within the region. Regional states as well as the United States must grapple with looming transitions across East Asia that could undermine prevailing assumptions about security, stability and development. The operative policy challenges concern the management of power relations at a time of heightened national identities and increased power capabilities, both in the absence of agreed upon mechanisms to ensure the peace. My paper identifies some of the principal factors that explain current change, and then addresses three issues that will have major consequences for the region’s long-term future: (1) the future U.S.-China relationship; (2) the future China-Japan relationship; and (3) North Korea’s nuclear and missile development and the regime’s future political, military, and economic prospects, and how these seem likely to shape the Korean peninsula and Northeast Asia as a whole. Possible scenarios are difficult to project or predict with much certainty. But there needs to be heightened awareness among all involved states of the risks such change could pose for regional order, and fuller attention to the available policy tools to prevent acute disruption or outright crisis. Some of the biggest policy challenges will be to create credible, sustainable arrangements for crisis management and regional security, without retreating into national-level strategies that could trigger misperception, miscalculation, and heightened insecurity. These will require habits of communication and collaboration rarely undertaken among the states of East Asia, without which long-term stability will not be possible.

북한의 핵무기 동결: 얼마나 중요한가?

조나단폴락 ( Jonathan D. Pollack ) 한국국가전략연구원 2018 한국국가전략 Vol.3 No.2

그들이 알지 못한 나라와 그들이 만난 적 없는 국민 -워싱턴의 한국전쟁 기념관-

조나단화이트 ( Jonathan White ) 민주사회정책연구원 2007 민주사회와 정책연구 Vol.11 No.-