Ocular Response Analyzer의 재현성 및 골드만압평안압, 비접촉안압과의 비교

조가은,전루민,최규룡.Ga Eun Cho. MD. Roo Min Jun. MD. PhD. Kyu-Ryong Choi. MD. PhD 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.9

Purpose: To evaluate the inter- and intra-observer variability of ocular response analyzer (ORA) measurements, and to evaluate the relationships among the intraocular pressures (IOPs) obtained by ORA, Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and non-contact tonometer (NCT). Methods: The present study included 45 normal eyes from 45 volunteers. Three masked observers performed ORA measurements. NCT and GAT measurements were performed by one independent observer. The reproducibility of ORA was assessed by ANOVA-based intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). Comparison among the tonometers was performed using the Bland-Altman plot and paired t-test. Results: The ICC for inter-observer reproducibility of ORA parameters was 0.90 to 0.97. The corresponding CV values were 13.2% to 19.1%. The intra-observer ICC values for IOP cc were 0.78 to 0.88. CV was 11.2% to 16.8%. For CRF, ICC values were 0.80 to 0.84 with CV values as 11.6% to 15.9%. For CH, ICC values were 0.74 to 0.82 and CV values were 13.0% to 15.9%. The difference in mean IOP values between IOP cc and IOP g was statistically significant (p = 0.04). However, no difference was found among other tonometers, and only IOP cc did not result in significant correlation with central corneal thickness (CCT) (p = 0.38). Conclusions: The intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was substantial for IOP cc, IOP g, CH and CRF, for all observers. Additionally, IOP measured with ORA did not result in significant differences from GAT and NCT. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(9):1311-1317

한국과 미국 초등수학교과서의 도형 영역 발문 유형 분석

조가은,박만구 한국초등수학교육학회 2021 한국초등수학교육학회지 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 한국과 미국의 초등학교 수학교과서의 도형 영역 발문을 분석하 여 제시한 발문 유형의 특징을 비교 분석하여 시사점을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 본 연구는 한국의 2015 개정 교육과정에 의한 초등학교 1~6학년 수학교과서와 미국 CCSSM에 의해 개발된 Go-Math K~5학년 수학교과서를 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 이 중 도형 영역의 발문들을 분석틀에 의해 분류하여 발문 유형과 특징을 분석하 였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 분석틀은 Blosser(1973)의 사고 유형에 의한 분류 체계를 기반으로 여러 선행 연구들의 분석틀을 참고하여 수정하였다. 발문의 유형은 재생 적 발문, 제안적 발문, 분류적 발문, 적용적 발문, 종합적 발문, 예상적 발문, 판단 적 발문, 확산적 사고 발문, 평가적 사고 발문으로 설정하였다. 연구 결과, 한국 수 학교과서 발문은 학생들에게 학습 활동의 방향을 안내하고 개념 학습과 관련된 구 체적 조작 활동을 제시하는 발문의 비중이 높았다. 미국 Go-Math 교과서는 학생들 이 개념을 적용할 다양한 문제 상황이나 경험을 반복적으로 제시하는 발문의 비중 이 높았다. 또한 한국과 미국교과서 모두 주로 인지·기억적 사고와 수렴적 사고를 이끌어 내기 위한 폐쇄적 발문이 개방적 발문보다 더 많았지만, 한국 수학교과서는 미국 수학교과서에 비해 확산적 사고와 평가적 사고를 다루는 발문이 더 많이 제 시하고 있었다. 제언으로, 한국 수학교과서 도형 영역에서 판단적 발문의 비중을 늘릴 필요가 있으며, 다른 영역에 대한 후속 연구도 필요함을 주장하였다. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the features of the types of geometry questions in Korean and American elementary mathematics textbooks to find out the implications. The researchers selected elementary mathematics textbooks grades 1-6 developed under the 2015 revised curriculum in Korea and Go-Math K-5 developed under the CCSSM in the U.S. The types and characteristics of the questions were analyzed by classifying them by the analysis framework. The analysis framework used in this study was modified by referring to the analysis framework of several prior studies based on Blosser (1973)'s classification criteria. We set the types of questions as regenerative, suggestive, categorical, applicable, comprehensive, predictive, judgmental, diffuse thought, evaluation thought. As a result of the study, the Korean mathematics textbooks had a high proportion of those that guided students to the direction of learning activities and presented concrete manipulation activities related to conceptual learning. The U.S. Go-Math textbooks had a high proportion of expressions that repeatedly presented various problem situations and experiences for students to apply concepts. In addition, both Korean and U.S. textbooks had more closed doors to induce cognitive and memory and convergent thinking than open thinking, but Korean mathematics textbooks had more open questions to deal with divergent and evaluative thinking than American textbooks. As a suggestion, it is necessary to increase the proportion of judgemental questions in geometry in Korean mathematics textbooks, and to follow-up research on other areas.

공동주택 주민 간의 갈등 해소와 공동체 문화 조성을 위한 소통방안 연구

조가은,윤여진,윤예현,이지현,유은 인제대학교 디자인연구소 2022 Journal of Integrated Design Research (JIDR) Vol.21 No.3

Background : Nowdays in Korean society, public housing is the most common form of residence. But in the public housing conflicts between neighbors occur frequently because individuals' privacy is concentrated and inevitable physical closeness with others exists. This conflict is serious as external activities have decreased due to COVID-19, and the time spent at home has increased. Various governmental interventions have been made to address this problem, but there are still limitations. This study aims to explore more fundamental and sustainable human-centered design solutions to improve relationships between neighbors and form a community culture by focusing not only on post-resolution of conflicts but also on prevention. Methods : This study used the double diamond design process. The user research was conducted focusing on apartments located in Nowon-gu. A survey was conducted on 66 people to analyze their problems and needs related to the public housing. In addition, posts from 18 apartments near Gongneung Station were collected to analyze issues occurring among residents of public housing. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with various stakeholders including apartment residents, incumbent security guards, management office employees, and the head of the neighborhood center in order to identify actual needs along with problems related to existing apartment online communities. Based on the results, design ideas for fostering mutual understanding, communication, and collaboration between neighbors were created. Results : It was found that the experience of apartment residents mainly involved relationships between neighbors, resident activities related to apartments, and various conflict situations. The proposed service function consists of four categories: community, official event, neighborhood life, and consideration. The community contains the function for forming intimacy and sharing information between neighbors, and official events allow public participation in apartments-related activities through online media. Neighborhood life is a function for creating community culture by providing chances to cooperate for public values in apartment houses, and the place of consideration is a function aiming at mitigating and preventing conflicts between neighbors. Conclusions : Conflicts between residents of apartments have now spread beyond simple quarrels to violent crimes, emerging as a serious social problem. The results of this study can be used as a basis for service design to fundamentally resolve conflicts between residents of apartments, and we hope that this study will promote future research on this topic. 연구배경 : 오늘날 한국 사회에서 공동주택은 가장 흔히 볼 수 있는 주거형태이며, 개개인의 사생활이 밀집된 동시에 타인과 불가피한 물리적 밀접성을 지니는 공간이라는 점에서 충돌이 일어난다. 때문에 공동주택 생활공간 내외에서 다양한 문제로 입주민 간의 갈등이 번번히 발생한다. 이러한 갈등은 코로나19 사태로 실내에 머무는 시간이 증가하면서 그 심각성이 대두되었다. 이를 해결하기 위해 다양한 정책적 방안이 마련되고 있으나 한계점이 존재한다. 이에 본 연구는 갈등의 사후 해결 뿐만 아니라 사전 예방에도 초점을 맞춰, 이웃 간 관계 개선 및 공동체 문화 형성을 위한 보다 근본적이고 지속가능한 인간 중심의 디자인 해결 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 인간 중심 서비스 디자인 방법론으로 알려진 더블 다이아몬드 디자인 프로세스를 적용하였다. 사용자 조사는 노원구에 위치한 아파트를 중심으로 이루어졌다. 공동주택 거주 경험자 66명을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하여 실제 당사자들이 겪는 문제와 필요를 분석하였다. 또한 공릉역 인근 18개의 아파트 단지의 게시물을 수집하여 공공 주택 주민 간에 발생하는 이슈들을 분석하였다. 뿐만 아니라 아파트 입주민과 현직 경비원, 관리사무소 직원, 이웃사이센터장 등 다양한 이해관계자들을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 진행해 기존 공동주택 온라인 커뮤니티의 문제점과 함께 심층적이고 사실적인 니즈를 파악하였다. 이를 바탕으로 이웃 간 이해, 소통, 협력을 효과적으로 증진시키기 위한 아이디어를 구체화하였다. 연구결과 : 연구 결과 공동 주택 주민들의 경험에는 주로 이웃 간 관계, 공동주택 관련 주민 활동, 다양한 갈등 상황이 관여되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 제안된 서비스 기능은 커뮤니티, 공식 행사, 이웃 생활, 배려의 장 4가지 카테고리로 구성되었다. 커뮤니티는 이웃 간 친밀감을 형성하고 정보를 공유하는 기능을 담고 있으며 공식행사는 공동주택 내 입주민 회의나 투표 등 공공의 참여가 요구되는 사항을 온라인이라는 매개체를 통해 참여할 수 있게 하는 기능이다. 이웃생활은 공동주택 내 공공 가치를 함께 실현하고 협력할 수 있는 장을 마련하여 공동체 문화를 조성하는 기능이며, 배려의 장은 이웃 간의 갈등 완화 및 예방이라는 취지에서 비롯된 기능이다. 결론 :오늘날 공동주택 입주민 간의 갈등은 단순한 말다툼을 넘어 강력 범죄로 확대되며, 심각한 사회 문제로 자리잡고 있다. 본 연구 결과는 공동 주택 입주민 간 갈등 해결을 위한 서비스 디자인에 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 본 연구와 향후 연구를 통해 이웃 간 소통과 이해의 증대라는 근본적 해결이 이루어지기를 기대한다.

아르곤레이저 범망막광응고술 후 중심오목하 맥락막 두께의 변화

조가은,김아영,조희윤,김윤택 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2017 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.40 No.2

Objectives: To evaluate changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and macular thickness as measured by enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) after argon laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with severe diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This prospective, comparative case series included 21 patients (28 eyes) with severe diabetic retinopathy. All patients underwent three sessions of PRP. The SFCT and macular thickness were measured using EDI -OCT at baseline and one week after completion of 3 sessions of PRP. Results: SFCT before PRP was 318.1±96.5 μm and increased to 349.9±108.3 μm; P=0.001 after PRP. Macular thickness significantly increased at one week after PRP from 273.1±23.9 μm at baseline 295.8±25.3 μm at one week; (P<0.001). No significant relationship between the changes in macular thickness and SFCT was observed (r=–0.13, P=0.52). Conclusion: PRP induced increases in both SFCT and macular thickness. Changes in SFCT did not correlate with changes in macular thickness. (Ewha Med J 2017;40(2):71-76)

백혈구 제거용 필터를 이용한 신종 인플루엔자 A (H1N1) 바이러스 제거

조가은,김정환,서인범 대한수혈학회 2010 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Background: Leukoreduction can reduce the risk of HLA alloimmunization, recurrent febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, and several transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases, including cytomegalovirus infection. Transmission of the new influenza A (H1N1) virus through transfusion may be a concern. We evaluated the effect of filtration with a leukoreduction filter on H1N1 genomes. Methods: To evaluate the effect of filtration by a leukoreduction filter on H1N1 genomes, we analyzed pre- and post-filtered samples from nasopharyngeal swabs and 10 positive plasma samples using real time RT-PCR. Results: The 10 samples (nasopharyngeal swabs and plasma) contained H1N1 RNA, and filtration with a leukoreduction filter reduced these levels (threshold cycle values from 31.42±2.06 to 38.84±1.47 in nasopharyngeal swabs, from 35.63±2.19 to 39.38±2.65 in plasma samples). Conclusion: Filtration with a leukoreduction filter can reduce H1N1 genome levels, but may not be completely sufficient for total eradication of this pathogen. (Korean J Blood Transfus 2010;21:65-73) 배경: 백혈구제거필터의 이용으로 조직적합성 항원과 관련된 동종면역, 비용혈성 발열 부작용 및 거대세포바이러스(Cytomegalovirus) 감염을 포함한 수혈관련 감염질환 등을 방지할 수 있다. 수혈로 인한 신종 인플루엔자 A 바이러스의 전파는 아직 보고되고 있지 않지만 그 가능성이 제시되고 있다. 이에 백혈구제거필터 통과에 의한 신종 인플루엔자 A 바이러스의 제거효과를 보고자 하였다. 방법: 백혈구제거필터 통과에 의한 신종 인플루엔자 A 바이러스의 제거효과를 보고자 실시간 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응(real time RT PCR, RT PCR)에서 양성으로 판정된 비인두면봉검체와 혈장 각각 10개씩을 이용, 희석하여 백혈구제거 전, 후에 대해 RT PCR을 시행하여 분석하였다. 결과: RT PCR 시행 결과, 각각 10개의 검체에서 신종 인플루엔자 A 바이러스의 RNA가 검출되었으며, 백혈구제거필터 통과 후, 모든 검체에서 신종 인플루엔자 A 바이러스의 RNA는 감소(비인두면봉도말검체 31.42±2.06→38.84±1.47, 혈장 검체 35.63±2.19→39.38±2.65, Ct 값)되었다. 결론: 백혈구제거용 필터는 신종 인플루엔자 A 바이러스를 효율적으로 감소시킬 수 있었으나 신종 인플루엔자 A 바이러스를 완전히 제거하지는 못하였다.

정신장애인의 자기효능감과 사회적 지지 및 스트레스가 사회적 문제해결에 미치는 영향

조가은,백용매 한국재활심리학회 2010 재활심리연구 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine whether self-efficacy, perceived social support, stress level had an effect on social problem solving skills in patients with severe mental illnesses. The subjects consisted of 360 patients with severe mental illnesses who were attending 16 psychosocial rehabilitation centers in Korea. Data were measured by Social Problem Solving Inventory, Self-Efficacy Scale, Social Support Questionnaire(family support, peer support, professional support questionnaire), Stress Index Scale, and analysed by the SPSS(stepwise multiple regression). The results of this study were as follows:First, the self-efficacy, peer support, level of stress of the mental patients had an effect on social problem solving skills. Second, positive problem solving orientation among the sub-index for social problem solving skills was influenced by professional staff's support. Third, the rational problem solving skill among sub-index for social problem solving skills was influenced by self-efficacy of mental patients, professional staff's support, family support and peer support. Fourth, the avoidance style of the social problem solving skills were influenced by low self-efficacy and high tress level of mental patients. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design an intervention program that emphasizes increasing self-efficacy and social support, and decreasing stress in order to improve social problem solving skills in severe mental patients.

Changing Trends in Surgery for Retinal Detachment in Korea

조가은,김성욱,강세웅,Korean Retina Society 대한안과학회 2014 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.28 No.6

Purpose: To analyze trends in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery among the members of theKorean Retina Society from 2001 to 2013. Methods: In 2013, surveys were conducted by email and post to investigate the current practice patterns regardingRRD treatment. Questions included how surgeons would manage six cases of hypothetical RRD. Resultswere compared to those reported in 2001. Results: A total of 133 members (60.7%) in 2013 and 46 members(79.3%) in 2001 responded to the survey. Preference for pneumatic retinopexy has decreased in uncomplicated primary RRD (p = 0.004). More respondentsin 2013 selected vitrectomy as the primary procedure when mild vitreous hemorrhage (p = 0.001),myopia (p = 0.044) and history of successful scleral buckling on the fellow eye (p = 0.044) were added to theprimary scenario. Vitrectomy was over twice as popular in cases of pseudophakic, macula-off RRD with posteriorcapsular opacity (p = 0.001). Conclusions: For RRD with myopia, pseudophakia and media opacity, surgical interventions over the last decadehave drastically shifted from scleral buckling and pneumatic retinopexy to vitrectomy.

50세 미만과 50세 이후에서 발생하는 안부 대상포진의 비교

조가은,최규룡,전루민,Ga Eun Cho,Kyu Ryong Choi,Roo Min Jun 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.1

Purpose: To study the clinical course of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and to compare the demographics, treatments, and outcomes in patients under 50 years of age versus patients 50 years of age or older at the time of diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of 102 patients who were diagnosed with HZO between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics between patients with an onset of HZO under the age of 50 years and patients with an onset of HZO at the age of 50 years or older were compared. Results: Similar numbers of patients were affected with HZO in the younger and older age groups (n = 44, 43.1%, vs. n = 58, 56.9%). The mean ± SD of age was 50.6 ± 21.8 years (range, 3-89 years) and the most common decade of HZO onset was between 50 and 59 years. Gender and disease laterality were not statistically different between the 2 groups. No significant difference was found regarding the presence of any ocular manifestation between the groups; however, anterior uveitis was more frequent in the younger patients (p = 0.04). The number of patients with immunosuppressive therapy was higher in the younger age group (p = 0.01). Conclusions: HZO-affected patients under the age of 50 years and older than 50 years were equally distributed, with the most common decade of onset between the age of 50 and 59 years. Younger patients had a higher incidence of anterior uveitis and immunosuppressive therapy due to underlying systemic diseases.

항공사 승무원의 업무 관련 시기질투 유발요인 분석에 관한 연구

조가은(Cho, Ga-Eun),현성협(Hyun, Sung-Hyup),정지연(Jeong, Ji-Youn) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2017 호텔경영학연구 Vol.26 No.6

소리풍경 구현을 위한 초등학교 설계의 디자인 패턴

조가은(Jo, Ga-Eun),한명호(Han, Myung-Ho),오양기(Oh, Yang-Ki) 한국생태환경건축학회 2010 한국생태환경건축학회 논문집 Vol.10 No.4