목양신의 역사화, 탈역사화: 『대리석 목양신』을 중심으로

정혜옥 ( Hae Ok Chung ) 미국소설학회 2008 미국소설 Vol.15 No.2

The Marble Faun: A Romance of Monte Beni, the romance produced by Hawthorne`s sojourn in Italy borrows the landscape of Italy to explore the dialectic of innocence and guilt, employing conventional notions of Italy as the ideal setting for an allegory of t

가족의 이야기, 미국의 이야기: 찰스 브롴덴 브라운의 『빌란트』를 중심으로

정혜옥 ( Hae Ok Chung ) 근대영미소설학회 2000 근대 영미소설 Vol.7 No.2

In Wieland Charles Brockden Brown creates a family and shows how its flaws leads to its tragic fall. The history of the Wieland`s family with its ghastly murders and undercurrents of incest causes the Wielands to become finally a standard of failure. The nature of this family, the reasons for its failure or fall, and the tragic consequences make up the central concerns of the novel. Through the tragic fall of the Wieland family, Brown portrays the conflicts and confusions of America, which is under revolutionary transformations after American Revolution. The inherent depravity in this family reflects that of the nation, because Wieland is rooted in the combustible political and social atmosphere of the late 1790s. As the novel was published while the fear of contagion by the alien was at its height, the narrator of the novel, Clara Wieland, blames an alien Carwin for introducing sexuality, disorder, and violence into her family. However, we realize the novel does not unilaterally assign guilt to Carwin, and indeed often questions whether we should blame the interior of the home itself or the family themselves. The novel emphasizes the violence within the family while ascribing that violence to the intrusion of a violent force, but that very force seems immanent rather than intrusive, and the efforts to name it as alien only emphasize its immanence. Carwin`s instrusion into Wieland`s households exposes the hidden abnormalities of the family which they cannot recognize. When the family is so decidedly a model of failure, the happy ending of the novel becomes a seriously complicated problem. Although Clara`s departure to Europe implies a belief m the future, at the same time it symbolically reflects a reaching back to the past. Ironically, the promise of peace and security that she seeks is to be found in the Old World, and has to be based upon the possibility of failure. Also Clara`s marriage to Pleyel in Europe only reconfirms the initial impression suggested by the pattern revealed in `Oration for Cluentius,` because her marriage seems to be very similar to that of her brother. Brown`s "American Tale" exposes that the American experiment may be doomed beyond recall.

청교주의와 이디스 워튼: 이디스 워튼의 『이썬 프롬』과 『여름』을 중심으로

정혜옥 ( Hae Ok Chung ) 미국소설학회(구-한국호손과 미국소설학회) 2004 미국소설 Vol.11 No.1

모녀 관계 정립을 통한 여성의 독립 : 『 순수의 시대 』 ( The Age of Innocence ) 를 중심으로

정혜옥(Hae Ok Chung) 한국현대영미소설학회 1999 현대영미소설 Vol.6 No.1

This article is to examine the achievement of a woman`s independence by the help of mother figures in The Age of The Innocence by Edith Wharton. Most of Wharton`s novels rarely present a wholesome and warm relationship between women, which was partly caused by her own relationship with her mother and partly by the patriarchal society. In this novel Wharton shows us the heroine, Ellen Olenska`s achievement of maturity and independence from her own bitter experiences and with the substitute mothers` supports. Having gone into the depth of herself and having faced Gorgon, Ellen experiences the abyss of nothingness, from which she comes back to a real life with a maturity of mind and spirit. Her independence and freedom of movement gives her control over her own life. Although she comes back to New York from Europe to forget everything in past, she cannot be changed into an acceptable woman by conventional Old New York society. Ellen, however, has two old women who provide her with a strong female heritage. As in the best mothering, aunt Medora and grandmother Catherine allow Ellen to outgrow them in self-knowledge and initiative. Until Ellen reaches this point, they provide the financial and emotional support that allows her to nurture herself. Medora offers Ellen an unconventional education which allows her to free from the patriarchal system of society. With Catherine`s support, Ellen is able to lead an independent life from her wicked husband even after going back to Europe. A conventional hero, Archer Newland begins to question of patriacrchal control over women, after he met a real mature woman, Ellen. His relationship with Ellen takes him beyond self he used to, even though he never breaks through the wall of the conventional. Having experienced Ellen`s `abashed sincerity,` he gets the first glimpse of a real life. Even if Wharton has been criticised that she does not suggest a better choice for Ellen, we cannot help admit the writer exquisitely illustrates a heroine who can refuse to go back to the cage of the husband and lives independently by the help of a `great Mother.` By creating a mother/self and establishing a solid relationship of mother and daughter in `the land of letters,` Wharton can be said to make peace with her own femininity and attain warm and soft attitude toward life.

집과 여성: 이디스 워튼의 『연락의 집』을 중심으로

정혜옥 ( Hae Ok Chung ) 미국소설학회(구 한국호손학회) 2010 미국소설 Vol.17 No.3

This article aims to demonstrate Lily Bart`s efforts to find her own house, where she can find a "grave and endearing tradition and the real relation to life." Edith Wharton probably was able to more realistically recognize what a house meant to people because she had her own experience of building her mansion, the Mount and publishing The Decoration of Houses. She tries to define the identity of a woman with the concrete metaphor of a domestic house. Lily, standing between a sentimental traditional heroin and a modern independent woman, tries to establish her own identity through the efforts of finding `her own room,` but she fails to achieve independence because she was "raised to be ornamental." Lily moves through different houses in the novel. On one end of the spectrum there is Mrs. Peniston`s house, a home of past, and at the other end, there is Norma Hatch`s showy and trendy hotel. In between these two extremes, there are also the theatrical mansions of the leisure class, the cozy apartment of Lawrence Seldon, as well as the nostalgic romanticized working-class tenement of Nettie Struther. Lily seems to feel most at home in the mansions of her `old set,` but these mansions can never provide the home she eventually comes to yearn for. Lily is incapable of finding a home in any houses she moves in and out of until the end of her life. At the end of the novel, Wharton introduces a house of Nettie Struther, a typist whom Lily once helped, as the idealistic home where Lily finds for the first time `the central truth of existence` in her life. Wharton creates a classic sentimental image of home with Nettie`s. Although this ending has been criticized as too sentimental as well as abrupt, Wharton imagines not a woman being confined at home, but a more egalitarian, companionate marriage within Nettie`s home. This is an ideal, however, that is too far in the future for the homeless Lily Bart.

19세기 미국 사회의 한계: 멜빌(Herman Melville)의 「서기, 바틀비」(Bartleby, The Scribner)와 「베니토 세리노(Benito Cereno)」를 중심으로

정혜옥 ( Hae-ok Chung ) 덕성여자대학교 인문과학연구소 1996 인문과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

This article concerns Melville's severe but honest criticism on the maretrialistic and self-celebrating society of nineteenth-century America in the two tales, "Bartleby, the Scribner" and "Benito Cereno." In these two tales the writer demonstrates the conflicts between the narrators, 'the representative Americans' versus their chief characters about whom the narrators have presented to us. Although the the lawyer and Amasa Delano believe they are writing a tale about the character they have experienced, they can tell us little about Bartleby and Benito Cereno, yet they unwittingley reveal about themselves. The two narrators gropes toward an understanding of dark ironies that their cheery American optimsm has denied. Melvilles intends the more honest of his Americn readers to recognize that their own innocence shades into credulity, and that their own Christian benevalence is blinding them to human contradictions and limitations in a American consciousness.

대중출판문화와 이디스 워턴: 『그 지방의 관습』을 중심으로

정혜옥 ( Hae Ok Chung ) 한국영미문화학회 2013 영미문화 Vol.13 No.3

This article is to examine the impact of mass publishing culture on The Custom of the Country by Edith Wharton. This novel demonstrates not only the rapid changes in publishing culture, including those influencing Wharton`s practice as a novelist, but also the relationship between the author, the publisher and the reader. The novel portrays the for-profit print`s encroachment in the public sphere and the formative effect of mass culture through Undine Spragg, the novel`s energetic main figure and a polity comprised of media consumers, and also through Ralph Marvell, a member of the fading gentry class and tragic victim by new social trend. Unlike Undine who is eagerly willing to be guided in her social aspirations by mass print market`s products, the author felt deep ambivalence to the fast changing publishing market caused by commercialization of society. The novel presents a mixed view on its valuation of a tradition capable of countering such trend, despite concerns over the commercialization of society. Wharton maintains not only the flexible attitude toward the profit-oriented print sphere, assessing its powerful influence of the publishing market, but also the belief that fiction can address impending social issues to change the readers in a mass society. Through Undine`s materialistic and superficial behavior formulated by mass publishing culture, Wharton ultimately leads the readers to reflect themselves on what they have gained and lost. At the same time, she also guides them to evaluate the “real culture” Ralph Marvell tries to keep but fails. With this novel, Wharton makes immense efforts to prove that a simultaneous literary engagement of the social ills with the satisfaction of the profit motive is possible. Wharton also accomplishes here an unassailable literary thematic complexity; she endeavors to make her novel`s status part of a counter-narrative to mass publishing culture, the profit-driven culture that led to creation of Undine.

미국의 역사 만들기: 기억과 망각의 변증법 : 『에드거 헌틀리』를 중심으로

정혜옥 ( Hae Ok Chung ) 미국소설학회 2006 미국소설 Vol.13 No.1

디지털 스토리텔링을 활용한 영어이야기 제작 학습에 대한 인식

정혜옥(Chung Hae ok),박부남(Park Pu nahm) 한국열린교육학회 2017 열린교육연구 Vol.25 No.1

본 논문은 방과후학교 영어 프로그램에 참여한 초등학생들의 디지털 영어 이야기 제작 학습에 대한 태도와 인식을 연구하였다. 22명 초등학생은 영어 의사소통능력 향상을 위해 디지털 영어 동화를 학습하고 이야기의 구조를 분석한 후 학생 자신이 쓴 이야기를 만들어 디지털 영상 제작을 시도 하였다. 연구자들은 12주 동안 6개의 동화를 학생들에게 학습시킨 후 읽은 동화 중 두개의 동화를 이용해 다시 말하기-쓰기-디지털 영상 제작 활동을 하도록 해 그들의 의사소통능력 향상과 학습에 대한 인식에 어떤 변화가 있는가를 살펴보았다. 초등학생들의 영어 의사소통능력의 향상을 측정하기 위해 영어성취도 평가를 사전-사후로 나누어 정량적으로 분석하였고, 학습에 대한 인식은 두개의 다른 디지털 영어이야기 제작을 실시한 후 사전-사후1-사후2로 나누어 분석하였다. 깊이 있는 연구를 위해 연구자들은 수업을 참관하면서 참관일지를 기록하였고, 학생과 교사들을 면담하여 그 내용을 정성적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 학생들의 영어 의사소통능력이 향상되었으며 특히 언어의 네 기능 중 쓰기가 향상 되었다는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 디지털 스토리텔링 활용 수업에 대한 학생들의 인식은 디지털 매체 사용보다는 이야기 제작 학습 내용에 따라 디지털 학습에 대한 태도에 차이가 있음을 보여주었다. 디지털 스토리텔링을 활용한 영어이야기 제작 학습은 초등학생들의 영어능력 향상뿐만 아니라 초등학생들에게 디지털 리터러시와 관련된 새로운 인식의 변화를 제시했다는 면에서 교육적 의의가 있었다. This study examined students’ perceptions of making digital English stories through digital storytelling for 22 primary school students. To improve students’ communicative competence in English, researchers integrated a digital storytelling learning method into an English story class in which students read six stories and created two digital English stories. Researchers collected multiple data including an English achievement test, students’ videos, classroom observations, student surveys, student interviews and teacher interviews. Researchers investigated students’ impacts on language competence and learning perceptions by analyzing pre- post1- post2 learning attitudes surveys, students’ products and interview data. The results showed that the learning of making digital English story was an effective tool to improve students’ language competence especially for their writing skills. By using the digital storytelling method, the students enhanced not only their learning attitudes, but also internalized their digital literacy through making their own English story. Based on these results, this study discussed some factors that lead to an effective class using the digital-storytelling method in the digital age. By exploring the learning method, this study suggests the educational implications for those who want to develop a digital storytelling language learning approach for primary school students in the digal age.

용서받을 수 없는 죄에 대한 고찰: 「이썬 브랜드」를 중심으로

정혜옥 ( Hae Ok Chung ) 한국문학과종교학회 2009 문학과종교 Vol.14 No.3