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교회 내 청소년의 가족체계 유형에 따른 자아분화 정도와 자아존중감의 상관성 연구
정해경 총신대학교 선교대학원 2005 국내석사
본 연구는 하나님의 형상을 닮은 교회 내 청소년의 가족체계 유형에 따라 자아분화 정도와 자아존중감의 수준을 알아보고 이들의 상관성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 가족체계유형 및 자아분화, 자아존중감 등에 관련된 문헌연구를 바탕으로 설문을 구성하여 경기도에 소재한 4개 도시 6개 교회 중·고등학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 하여 실증분석을 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 조사대상 청소년 일반적 특성으로는 출생순위는 첫째가 많았고, 부모 연령은 40대가 대부분으로 함께 살고 있었다. 신앙생활 중 기도는 매일 10분 이상 하는 경우가 많았고, 기도응답은 가끔 응답받는다가 많았으며, 주일오전(부서)예배만 드리고 있는 경우가 많았다. 둘째, 일반적 특성과 가족응집력의 차이를 살펴본 결과 인구통계학적 특성에 따라서는 여학생보다 남학생이, 중학생보다는 고등학생이 응집력이 다소 높았다. 부모가 생존해 있거나 직업이 전문직 혹은 사무직일수록 높았다. 적응력은 부모가 모두 생존한 경우, 모의 학력이 높을수록, 부모의 직업이 전문직인 경우가 다소 높았다. 신앙적 특성에는 신앙심이 깊을수록 가족 응집력과 적응력이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 청소년의 자아분화 수준은 평균 2.90점으로 적응성과 응집성 모두 정적인 상관관계성을 보이고 있었으며, 청소년의 자아존중감의 수준은 평균 3.19점으로 중간이상의 점수로 사회적 수용이 가장 높게 나타났다. 가족체계와 자아존중감과는 정적인 상관관계 즉, 가족의 응집성과 적응성이 높을수록 자아존중감이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 가족 응집성과 적응성이 높을수록 자아분화가 잘되고, 자아존중감이 높다는 것은 청소년이 독립된 인격체로 교회와 사회의 공동체의 일원으로 살아갈 때 하나님의 형상을 닮은 인간의 자아존중감을 가지고 건강한 자아분화를 통하여 온전한 하나님의 인격체로 성장할 것을 의미한다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between ego differentiation and self-esteem depending on types of Christian juveniles' family system. For this purpose, relevant literature about types of family system, ego differentiation and self-esteem was extensively reviewed, and thereupon, a questionnaire survey was conducted for middle and high school students sampled from 6 churches located in 4 cities in Kyonggi-do. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, most of the sample students were the first children of their families, while living with the parents in their 40's. Most of them were praying for more than 10 minutes every day, and many of them said that their prayers had been sometimes answered. Many of them were attending the morning worship ceremony on Sundays. Second, as a result of analyzing their demographic variables and intra-family cohesion, it was found that high school students or boys were more cohesive to their families than middles school students or girls. Those juveniles living with their both parents were more cohesive to their families, and those juveniles with their parents having professional jobs or working at office were more attached to their families. Their adaptability was higher when their both parents were alive, their mothers' academic background was higher or their parents' job was professional. On the other hand, the more religious students were more cohesive to families and more adaptable. Third, juveniles' ego differentiation level scored 2.90 on average, being positively correlated with adaptability and cohesion, while their self-esteem level scored a relatively higher 3.19 on average with its sub-factor 'social accommodation' scoring highest. Family system was correlated positively with self-esteem, while more cohesive and adaptable a student was, he or she had a higher level of self-esteem. The above results suggest that the higher the family cohesion and adaptability are, children are more ego-differentiated with higher self-esteem. So, if juveniles should live as members of church and community and as independent personality, they would have a self-esteem resembling the shape of God, and thereby, would grow into a perfect God's personality through a healthy ego differentiation.
Garden House is a deurban mode of residence emerging from the process in which the middle class in Korean large cities explored ideal living location and environment at the end of the 20th century. Since it appeared in Korean society in the 1980s, it has been on the explosive increase so far. Its phenomenon and a discourse on it will be much more active in the future than until now, and it will establish itself as an important mode of residence in Korean society in the 21st century. However, no academic methodology is presented about its location and living environment, which results in inappropriate selection of location and siting of building in the field. An analysis showed that they damaged its living environment. This thesis presented a methodology for selecting its location and siting its building by applying the theories of feng-shui to its location and living environment(interior and housing environment). The findings are as follows. The theories applicable to establishing its location and good living environment are the theory of location selection and the theory of building siting in feng-shui. Their appropriateness is explored as follows. First, the theory of location selection says that a housing site has stable geological structure, good windscreen by the four mountains left and right of a mountain and before and behind it, and proper wetness. The site with hard ground blocking a rattling wind well protects its residents from natural disaster such as ground subsidence, landslide or storm and flood damage. Besides, it has no geomagnetist disturbance, enables man to lead a healthy life due to the high pressure formed in the region, and natural environment around it(a mountain, a field, water and etc.) provides him with clear water, clean air and visual comfort. Secondly, the theory of building siting is much helpful to creating good living environment(interior and housing environment). The siting such as a lake in the front and a mountain in the back helps man to block a cold northwest wind in winter and accept a cool south wind in summer. It also supplies man with good sunshine, ventilation and drainage and also with suitable height and distance for flood. Also, a wind from the lower water's edge increases the pressure of the air in the house and forms high pressure in it, and controlled local climate produces mildness. A low front and high back type of siting provides man with a sense of psychological stability and self-confidence by enabling him to secure openness and prospect. The house located at a higher place than a road furnishes him with good drainage and protects him from all sorts of polluted air and bacteria occurring in it. A narrow front and wide back type of siting organically siting a houseunites building space with natural space around it by playing the role as mediated space(buffer space), and protects an individual's privacy to some extent. A good plane form of a building improves rotation of air, resonance of space, and sound of space, which leads to good interior environment. A vertically long type of site is good for siting a house at the time of building it, while a triangular site not only brings those looking at it a sense of uneasiness and a psychological effect of nervousness but also is bad for siting a building. A window facing south in the topography with sea in the south accepts hot sunlight and a touch of sea simultaneously, whereas an opening facing west in the topography with a mountain in the west accepts a touch of mountain and a west wind simultaneously. Like it, the air in a building depends on the direction an opening faces. Thus, interior atmosphere, that is, interior environment and the spiritual and physical effect on those living in it depend on a touch of the direction for buildings with the same area. Safety, healthiness and comfortableness should be shared by primary location factors for Garden House in the aspect of natural environment and the living environment for the house. It is because the house is a mode of residence for those who wish to maintain a healthy and safe life in good natural environment. If so, both the theories as examined in the above are good to present as a methodology of location selection and architecture for the house. Feng-shui is one of the arts about siting and placing and facing. It is based on the world view of establishing ideal life environment, finding it out and creating one's desirable place of residence in it. So to speak, it is a theory of systematizing the ideas about good land, good environment and good residence with ideal conditions. It is possibly natural for it to be fit for selecting the location of the house and establishing its good living environment.
공동주택 주민활동이 주민소통에 미치는 영향 : 경기도 남양주시 아파트 거주자를 대상으로
정해경 강원대학교 정보과학행정대학원 2016 국내석사
우리 국민의 70% 이상이 공동주택인 아파트에 거주하고 있다. 공동주택 규모가 방대한 결과 관리비·난방비나 층간소음 등으로 심각한 사회문제가 되고 있다. 그 원인은 무엇보다 아파트의 특수한 주거공간구조와 주민활동에 의한 주민소통과 화합 및 배려의 부족을 들 수 있다. 이런 문제는 특히 주민활동으로 주민소통을 활발하게 함으로써 해결할 수 있어야 한다. 이러한 문제인식 하에 이 연구의 목적은 공동주택 거주자의 주민활동조직이 주민소통에 미치는 영향력 관계를 파악하고, 주민활동이 주민소통에 미치는 영향에 관한 주민들의 인식을 규명하는데 있다. 연구이론은 공동주택의 의의와 주민활동, 주민소통의 개념과 방향, 주민활동조직의 사회적 관계 등으로 구성하였다. 연구방법은 법·제도적 접근방법과 설문조사를 분석하여 시사점을 제시하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 우선, 사회연결망분석의 중앙성분석 결과, 주민활동조직의 영향력은 연결중앙성과 인접중앙성은 모두 경로회, 사이중앙성은 반상회, 위세중앙성은 동호회가 가장 높게 나타났다. 다음에, 카이스케어(x²) 검정결과, 주민인식은 다음과 같이 나타났다. ⅰ) 주민 정보교류 활동은 교양·교육정보얻기(64.8%), ⅱ) 주민 행사 활동은 바자회(37.2%), ⅲ) 주민 자원봉사 활동은 아동·청소년 문화·체육 프로그램 운영(64.6%), ⅳ) 남양주시 주관 문화·체육행사 참여활동은 다산(정약용) 문화제(35.7%), ⅴ) 주민소통 증진방향에서 주민소통에 가장 필요하다는 주민활동 변수는 경로회·동호회 등 주민 자생조직 활동에 적극 참여(59.3%)이다. ⅵ) 운영·관리, 문화·행사 정보와 소통에 대하여 “만족한다”는 주민이 전체 평균 34.7%(395명 중 113명), 입주자대표회의나 관리사무소가 입주민들 의견을 “수렴·수용한다”는 주민이 전체 평균 34.1%(395명 중 134명)로 나타났다. 또한 주민들은 아파트 운영·관리, 문화·행사에 관한 관련 정보취득 경로로 포스터 전단(39.7%), 아파트 운영과 관리 등 관련 불만족 요인을 해결하는 통로로 반상회(통·반장, 34.9%)를 가장 많이 선호하고 이용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경로회, 동호회 등 자생조직 활동에 적극 참여할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 참여 주민에게 인센티브 제공이 필요하다. 셋째, 운영·관리 주체인 입주자대표회의 구성(선출) 엄격화와 아파트 운영·관리에 대한 철저한 감시·감독이 필요하다. 넷째, 정부나 지방자치단체의 아파트 운영·관리에 대한 관여로 공공성을 강화할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 민·관 협력체계 구축으로 주민행사나 활동에 민·관의 적극적인 홍보가 필요하다. 여섯째, 남양주시 주관 문화·체육행사 참여 활동에 적극적인 참여 자세를 가질 필요가 있다. 연구결과, 주민들이 아파트 행사에 스스로 참여하고 활동하여 단지를 살리고 소통을 증진시켜 살기 좋은 아파트 문화를 이뤄야겠다는 의지가 가장 중요하다는 연구결론을 도출하였다. 이 연구의 가치는 제도적·비제도적 주민활동조직의 영향력 있는 주민조직을 중심으로 한 주민활동에 의한 주민 소통증진 방향에 대해서 논의하였다는데 의의가 있다.
청소년 자원봉사활동의 실태와 활성화방안 연구 : 서울지역 청소년불자들을 중심으로
정해경 동국대학교 불교대학원 2007 국내석사
A voluntary activity can be one of methods to solve many problems in today's society; such a voluntary activity is attracting concerns and needs all over the society and is also required for adolescents. Korea actually introduced a voluntary activity for adolescents as a part of a school curriculum in 1995 to overcome the loss of moral education caused by education based on entrance exams and reinforce humanity education with the 5ㆍ31 educational reform. However, most adolescents are actually doing a voluntary activity just like passing time so as not to be taken at no disadvantage in going on to the next stage of their education and have difficulty in feeling the meaning of a true voluntary activity. So this study intends to investigate juvenile Buddhists' awareness of a voluntary activity and its actual conditions and design a method to activate Buddhist voluntary activities by adolescents. A questionnaire was made in three categories of 'the content and actual conditions of general juvenile voluntary activities,' 'the actual conditions of Buddhist voluntary activities,' and 'the method to activate voluntary activities' based on a lot of literature and researches to conduct a survey with juvenile Buddhists in Seoul. The results of this research can be presented in each area as follows: 1. Meanings and the Actual Conditions of General Voluntary Activities (1) There was a highly altruistic idea that a voluntary activity is 'to help a poor neighbor through self-sacrifice.' (2) Many adolescents were motivated to participate in the activity by its reflection in the composite records book. (3) They were mainly using the school vacation to do comfort activities and provide a helping hand. (4) Prior training was mainly implemented at school, which was not so satisfactory. (5) Many adolescents suggested that it is hard to find a place for a voluntary activity. 2. Actual Conditions of Buddhist Voluntary Activities (1) They consider them to be most strongly related to unconditional charity in Buddhist doctrines. (2) Voluntary activities are considered to be helpful for faith. (3) Most adolescents were aware of the Parameter Adolescents Association, which is a Buddhist adolescent cultivation organization, but there were few students who experienced a voluntary activity through the association. 3. Requirements in Doing a Voluntary Activity (1) To activate voluntary activities, it is necessary to value its educational aspect and form atmosphere to induce spontaneity. (2) Publicity should be performed through the press. (3) It is necessary to develop a program for volunteers. A few suggestions were made to solve problems discovered in this study and to activate juvenile voluntary activities. First, prior training for volunteers should be performed systematically by experts in voluntary activities. Second, emphasis should be placed on provision of information on various activity sites that can be suitable for adolescents' characteristics and arouse their interest and on development and distribution of an appropriate program. Third, it is necessary to help activate juvenile voluntary activities, for example, by reinforcing specialty of a juvenile voluntary activity center and by adjusting its functions. Fourth, it is necessary to introduce a volunteer certification system through a juvenile voluntary activity center. Next, there are a few methods to activate Buddhist voluntary activities by juvenile Buddhists. First, it is necessary to help activate voluntary activities by televising a voluntary activity program via a Buddhist broadcasting system and by making continuous publicity. Second, it is necessary to organize and manage volunteers efficiently by improving organization of the Parameter Adolescents Association, by cultivating experts in Buddhist voluntary activities, and by developing a juvenile voluntary activity program. Third, it is necessary to motivate them to do such activities by special events and concerns including enlightenment activities by a temple through Buddhist doctrines such as unconditional charity, mercy, and benevolence and a reward for an excellent volunteer by a temple. Fourth, a temple should secure a list of social welfare facilities requiring voluntary activities within a community to develop a program to make connection with juvenile Buddhists. Voluntary activities are occupying a more and more important position in modern society and each religious organization is showing more concerns about the activities. And it is time to take interest in adolescents' using leisure time due to five-day school week. It is therefore necessary to provide an opportunity for adolescents to spend leisure life more meaningfully and fruitfully by linking their leisure time to voluntary activities. A Korean proverb says that 'what is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.' This gives a lesson that 'it is necessary to train people properly in childhood so that they may not get a bad habit.' This can also mean that 'it is necessary to train people properly in childhood so that they may get a good habit.' When juvenile Buddhists become aware that a voluntary activity to have mercy on others without no expectation of rewards is the actual way to practice Buddha's teachings personally, they can be a true volunteer who will continue to do voluntary activities as an adult.